Signal propagation in complex networks

Physics Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1017, P. 1 - 96

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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The role of the salience network in cognitive and affective deficits

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: March 20, 2023

Analysis and interpretation of studies on cognitive affective dysregulation often draw upon the network paradigm, especially Triple Network Model, which consists default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), salience (SN). DMN activity is primarily dominant during leisure self-monitoring processes. The FPN peaks task involvement exertion. Meanwhile, SN serves as a dynamic “switch” between FPN, in line with demand. In domains, dysfunctions involving are connected to broad spectrum deficits maladaptive behavioral patterns variety clinical disorders, such depression, insomnia, narcissism, PTSD (in case hyperactivity), chronic pain, anxiety, high degrees neuroticism, schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, neurodegenerative illnesses, bipolar disorder hypoactivity). We discuss neurological data from various research domains present an integrated perspective indicating that these conditions can be associated widespread disruption predictive coding at multiple hierarchical levels. delineate fundamental ideas brain paradigm contrast them conventional modular method first section this article. Following this, we outline interaction model key functional networks highlight recent coupling SN-related impairments.

Language: Английский

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Neuronal dynamics direct cerebrospinal fluid perfusion and brain clearance

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 627(8002), P. 157 - 164

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Neuromorphic learning, working memory, and metaplasticity in nanowire networks

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(16)

Published: April 21, 2023

Nanowire networks (NWNs) mimic the brain's neurosynaptic connectivity and emergent dynamics. Consequently, NWNs may also emulate synaptic processes that enable higher-order cognitive functions such as learning memory. A quintessential task used to measure human working memory is n-back task. In this study, variations inspired by are implemented in a NWN device, external feedback applied brain-like supervised reinforcement learning. found retain information at least n = 7 steps back, remarkably similar originally proposed "seven plus or minus two" rule for subjects. Simulations elucidate how synapse-like junction plasticity depends on previous modifications, analogous "synaptic metaplasticity" brain, consolidated via strengthening pruning of conductance pathways.

Language: Английский

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Two-photon synthetic aperture microscopy for minimally invasive fast 3D imaging of native subcellular behaviors in deep tissue

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(11), P. 2475 - 2491.e22

Published: May 1, 2023

Holistic understanding of physio-pathological processes requires noninvasive 3D imaging in deep tissue across multiple spatial and temporal scales to link diverse transient subcellular behaviors with long-term physiogenesis. Despite broad applications two-photon microscopy (TPM), there remains an inevitable tradeoff among spatiotemporal resolution, volumes, durations due the point-scanning scheme, accumulated phototoxicity, optical aberrations. Here, we harnessed concept synthetic aperture radar TPM achieve aberration-corrected dynamics at a millisecond scale for over 100,000 large volumes tissue, three orders magnitude reduction photobleaching. With its advantages, identified direct intercellular communications through migrasome generation following traumatic brain injury, visualized formation process germinal center mouse lymph node, characterized heterogeneous cellular states visual cortex, opening up horizon intravital understand organizations functions biological systems holistic level.

Language: Английский

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Whole-brain spatial organization of hippocampal single-neuron projectomes

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6682)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Mapping single-neuron projections is essential for understanding brain-wide connectivity and diverse functions of the hippocampus (HIP). Here, we reconstructed 10,100 projectomes mouse HIP classified 43 projectome subtypes with distinct projection patterns. The number targets axon-tip distribution depended on soma location along longitudinal transverse axes. Many were enriched in specific subdomains defined by spatial transcriptomic profiles. Furthermore, delineated comprehensive wiring diagrams neurons projecting exclusively within formation (HPF) those to both intra- extra-HPF targets. Bihemispheric generally projected one pair homologous ipsilateral preference. These organization principles provide a structural basis function neurons.

Language: Английский

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A Decade of Dedication: Pioneering Perspectives on Neurological Diseases and Mental Illnesses

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1083 - 1083

Published: May 13, 2024

Welcome to

Language: Английский

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Bioelectronic Medicine: a multidisciplinary roadmap from biophysics to precision therapies

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Bioelectronic Medicine stands as an emerging field that rapidly evolves and offers distinctive clinical benefits, alongside unique challenges. It consists of the modulation nervous system by precise delivery electrical current for treatment conditions, such post-stroke movement recovery or drug-resistant disorders. The unquestionable impact is underscored successful translation to humans in last decades, long list preclinical studies. Given emergency accelerating progress new neuromodulation treatments (i.e., hypertension, autoimmune degenerative diseases), collaboration between multiple fields imperative. This work intends foster multidisciplinary bring together different provide fundamental basis underlying Medicine. In this review we will go from biophysics cell membrane, which consider inner core neuromodulation, patient care. We discuss recently discovered mechanism neurotransmission switching how it design, update on neuronal glial health disease. advances biomedical technology have facilitated collection large amounts data, thereby introducing challenges data analysis. approaches high throughput analysis, encompassing big networks, artificial intelligence, internet things. Emphasis be placed understanding electrochemical properties neural interfaces, along with integration biocompatible reliable materials compliance regulations translational applications. Preclinical validation foundational process, critical aspects animal Finally, focus point-of-care ultimate goal bioelectronic medicine. a call scientists common endeavor: accelerate decoding era therapeutic possibilities.

Language: Английский

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Two-Dimensional Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing Hardware

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Recent breakthroughs in brain-inspired computing promise to address a wide range of problems from security healthcare. However, the current strategy implementing artificial intelligence algorithms using conventional silicon hardware is leading unsustainable energy consumption. Neuromorphic based on electronic devices mimicking biological systems emerging as low-energy alternative, although further progress requires materials that can mimic function while maintaining scalability and speed. As result their diverse unique properties, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) are promising building blocks for next-generation electronics including nonvolatile memory, in-memory neuromorphic computing, flexible edge-computing systems. Furthermore, 2D achieve biorealistic synaptic neuronal responses extend beyond logic memory Here, we provide comprehensive review growth, fabrication, integration van der Waals heterojunctions optoelectronic devices, circuits, For each case, relationship between physical properties device emphasized followed by critical comparison technologies different applications. We conclude with forward-looking perspective key remaining challenges opportunities applications leverage fundamental heterojunctions.

Language: Английский

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Progress and Challenges for Memtransistors in Neuromorphic Circuits and Systems

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(48)

Published: Nov. 24, 2021

Abstract Due to the increasing importance of artificial intelligence (AI), significant recent effort has been devoted development neuromorphic circuits that seek emulate energy‐efficient information processing brain. While non‐volatile memory (NVM) based on resistive switches, phase‐change memory, and magnetic tunnel junctions shown potential for implementing neural networks, additional multi‐terminal device concepts are required more sophisticated bio‐realistic functions. Of particular interest memtransistors low‐dimensional nanomaterials, which capable electrostatically tuning learning behavior at level. Herein, a conceptual overview memtransistor is provided in context circuits. Recent progress surveyed related NVM devices including dual‐gated floating‐gate memories, ferroelectric transistors, van der Waals heterojunctions. The different materials systems architectures classified degree control relative tunability synaptic behavior, with an emphasis harness reduced dimensionality, weak electrostatic screening, phase‐changes properties nanomaterials. Finally, strategies achieving wafer‐scale integration delineated, specific attention given challenges practical

Language: Английский

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