Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(46)
Published: July 8, 2023
Abstract
The
design
and
fabrication
of
a
flexible
electric‐optical
perovskite/electrolyte
synaptic
transistor
are
demonstrated
for
the
first
time,
which
emulates
important
neuromorphic
functions
under
dual‐mode
modulation.
Benefiting
from
bipolar
charge
transport
properties
light‐harvesting
perovskite
high
specific
capacitance
mechanically
robust
multi‐ion
electrolyte,
device
exhibits
bidirectional
plasticity,
better
reliability,
retaining
>70%
initial
current
level
after
2500
flex
per
flat
laps,
very
wide
operating
voltage
window
0.04
to
10
V,
responsive
ultralow
stimuli
down
tens
millivolt
with
femtojoule‐level
energy
consumption.
synergistic
response
modulation
enables
emulate
complex
neural
learning
rules
achieve
applications,
including
classical
conditioning
spatiotemporal
learning,
image
recognition
tasks
higher
accuracy
81%.
Moreover,
an
enhanced
artificial
reflex‐arc
behavior
is
emulated
by
employing
electro‐optical
synapses
that
serve
as
key
information‐receiving‐processing
units
manipulate
actions
electrochemical
muscles
larger
extent.
These
show
great
potential
in
soft
neurorobotic
systems
prostheses.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(14), P. 7621 - 7621
Published: July 11, 2024
Multiple
organs
and
tissues
coordinate
to
respond
dietary
environmental
challenges.
It
is
interorgan
crosstalk
that
contributes
systemic
metabolic
homeostasis.
The
liver
brain,
as
key
organs,
have
their
unique
dialogue
transmit
messages.
interconnected
pathogenesis
of
brain
implicated
in
numerous
neurodegenerative
disorders.
Recent
insights
positioned
the
not
only
a
central
hub
but
also
an
endocrine
organ,
capable
secreting
hepatokines
signals
throughout
body
via
bloodstream.
Metabolites
from
or
gut
microbiota
facilitate
complex
between
brain.
In
parallel
humoral
factors,
neural
pathways,
particularly
hypothalamic
nuclei
autonomic
nervous
system,
are
pivotal
modulating
bilateral
interplay
cerebral
hepatic
compartments.
term
“liver–brain
axis”
vividly
portrays
this
interaction.
At
end
review,
we
summarize
cutting-edge
technical
advancements
enabled
observation
manipulation
these
signals,
including
genetic
engineering,
molecular
tracing,
delivery
technologies.
These
innovations
paving
way
for
deeper
understanding
liver–brain
axis
its
role
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
103(1), P. 347 - 389
Published: June 30, 2022
Flexibly
selecting
appropriate
actions
in
response
to
complex,
ever-changing
environments
requires
both
cortical
and
subcortical
regions,
which
are
typically
described
as
participating
a
strict
hierarchy.
In
this
traditional
view,
highly
specialized
circuits
allow
for
efficient
responses
salient
stimuli,
at
the
cost
of
adaptability
context
specificity,
attributed
neocortex.
Their
interactions
often
cortex
providing
top-down
command
signals
structures
implement;
however,
available
technologies
develop,
studies
increasingly
demonstrate
that
behavior
is
represented
by
brainwide
activity
even
contain
early
choice,
suggesting
behavioral
functions
emerge
result
different
regions
interacting
truly
collaborative
networks.
review,
we
discuss
field’s
evolving
understanding
how
placental
mammals
interact
cooperatively,
not
only
via
cortical-subcortical
inputs
but
through
bottom-up
interactions,
especially
thalamus.
We
describe
our
current
circuitry
two
exemplar
structures,
superior
colliculus
striatum,
identify
information
prioritized
regions.
then
functional
these
form
with
one
another,
thalamus,
create
parallel
loops
complex
networks
flow.
Finally,
challenge
classic
view
modules
contained
within
specific
brain
regions;
instead,
propose
certain
prioritize
types
over
others,
subnetworks
they
form,
defined
their
anatomical
connections
dynamics,
basis
true
specialization.
Journal of Neural Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. 046024 - 046024
Published: July 3, 2023
Abstract
Objective.
Microfluidic
devices
interfaced
with
microelectrode
arrays
have
in
recent
years
emerged
as
powerful
platforms
for
studying
and
manipulating
vitro
neuronal
networks
at
the
micro-
mesoscale.
By
segregating
populations
using
microchannels
only
permissible
to
axons,
can
be
designed
mimic
highly
organized,
modular
topology
of
assemblies
brain.
However,
little
is
known
about
how
underlying
topological
features
such
engineered
contribute
their
functional
profile.
To
start
addressing
this
question,
a
key
parameter
control
afferent
or
efferent
connectivity
within
network.
Approach.
In
study,
we
show
that
microfluidic
device
featuring
axon
guiding
channels
geometrical
constraints
inspired
by
Tesla
valve
effectively
promotes
unidirectional
axonal
outgrowth
between
nodes,
thereby
enabling
us
connectivity.
Main
results.
Our
results
moreover
indicate
these
exhibit
more
efficient
network
organization
higher
modularity
compared
single
nodal
controls.
We
verified
applying
designer
viral
tools
fluorescently
label
neurons
visualize
structure
networks,
combined
extracellular
electrophysiological
recordings
embedded
nanoporous
microelectrodes
study
dynamics
during
maturation.
furthermore
electrical
stimulations
induce
signals
selectively
transmitted
feedforward
fashion
populations.
Significance.
A
advantage
our
microdevice
ability
longitudinally
manipulate
both
function
high
accuracy.
This
model
system
has
potential
provide
novel
insights
into
development,
organization,
neuroplasticity
mechanisms
mesoscale
healthy
perturbed
conditions.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(46)
Published: July 8, 2023
Abstract
The
design
and
fabrication
of
a
flexible
electric‐optical
perovskite/electrolyte
synaptic
transistor
are
demonstrated
for
the
first
time,
which
emulates
important
neuromorphic
functions
under
dual‐mode
modulation.
Benefiting
from
bipolar
charge
transport
properties
light‐harvesting
perovskite
high
specific
capacitance
mechanically
robust
multi‐ion
electrolyte,
device
exhibits
bidirectional
plasticity,
better
reliability,
retaining
>70%
initial
current
level
after
2500
flex
per
flat
laps,
very
wide
operating
voltage
window
0.04
to
10
V,
responsive
ultralow
stimuli
down
tens
millivolt
with
femtojoule‐level
energy
consumption.
synergistic
response
modulation
enables
emulate
complex
neural
learning
rules
achieve
applications,
including
classical
conditioning
spatiotemporal
learning,
image
recognition
tasks
higher
accuracy
81%.
Moreover,
an
enhanced
artificial
reflex‐arc
behavior
is
emulated
by
employing
electro‐optical
synapses
that
serve
as
key
information‐receiving‐processing
units
manipulate
actions
electrochemical
muscles
larger
extent.
These
show
great
potential
in
soft
neurorobotic
systems
prostheses.
