A petavoxel fragment of human cerebral cortex reconstructed at nanoscale resolution

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 384(6696)

Published: May 9, 2024

To fully understand how the human brain works, knowledge of its structure at high resolution is needed. Presented here a computationally intensive reconstruction ultrastructure cubic millimeter temporal cortex that was surgically removed to gain access an underlying epileptic focus. It contains about 57,000 cells, 230 millimeters blood vessels, and 150 million synapses comprises 1.4 petabytes. Our analysis showed glia outnumber neurons 2:1, oligodendrocytes were most common cell, deep layer excitatory could be classified on basis dendritic orientation, among thousands weak connections each neuron, there exist rare powerful axonal inputs up 50 synapses. Further studies using this resource may bring valuable insights into mysteries brain.

Language: Английский

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The coming decade of digital brain research: A vision for neuroscience at the intersection of technology and computing

Imaging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 1 - 35

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract In recent years, brain research has indisputably entered a new epoch, driven by substantial methodological advances and digitally enabled data integration modelling at multiple scales—from molecules to the whole brain. Major are emerging intersection of neuroscience with technology computing. This science combines high-quality research, across scales, culture multidisciplinary large-scale collaboration, translation into applications. As pioneered in Europe’s Human Brain Project (HBP), systematic approach will be essential for meeting coming decade’s pressing medical technological challenges. The aims this paper to: develop concept decade digital discuss community large, identify points convergence, derive therefrom scientific common goals; provide framework current future development EBRAINS, infrastructure resulting from HBP’s work; inform engage stakeholders, funding organisations institutions regarding research; address transformational potential comprehensive models artificial intelligence, including machine learning deep learning; outline collaborative that integrates reflection, dialogues, societal engagement on ethical opportunities challenges as part research.

Language: Английский

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Between neurons and networks: investigating mesoscale brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric disorders

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 20, 2024

The study of brain connectivity has been a cornerstone in understanding the complexities neurological and psychiatric disorders. It provided invaluable insights into functional architecture how it is perturbed However, persistent challenge achieving proper spatial resolution, developing computational algorithms to address biological questions at multi-cellular level, scale often referred as mesoscale. Historically, neuroimaging studies have predominantly focused on macroscale, providing inter-regional connections but falling short resolving intricacies neural circuitry cellular or mesoscale level. This limitation hindered our ability fully comprehend underlying mechanisms disorders develop targeted interventions. In light this issue, review manuscript seeks bridge critical gap by delving domain neuroimaging. We aim provide comprehensive overview conditions affected aberrant connections, image acquisition techniques, feature extraction, data analysis methods that are specifically tailored further delineate potential research elucidate complex questions, with particular focus schizophrenia epilepsy. encompasses topics such dendritic spine quantification, single neuron morphology, region connectivity. showcase applicability significance techniques field neuroscience, highlighting their for gaining

Language: Английский

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Plasticity mechanism and memory formation in the chemical synapse

Nonlinear Dynamics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(20), P. 19411 - 19423

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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The missing hallmark of health: psychosocial adaptation

Cell Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 21 - 50

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The eight biological hallmarks of health that we initially postulated (Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):33-63) include features spatial compartmentalization (integrity barriers, containment local perturbations), maintenance homeostasis over time (recycling & turnover, integration circuitries, rhythmic oscillations) and an array adequate responses to stress (homeostatic resilience, hormetic regulation, repair regeneration). These affect all somatic strata the human body (molecules, organelles, cells, supracellular units, organs, organ systems, systemic circuitries meta-organism). Here postulate mental socioeconomic factors must be added this 8×8 matrix as additional hallmark (“psychosocial adaptation”) stratum interactions”), hence building a 9×9 matrix. Potentially, perturbation each affects psychosocial vice versa. Finally, discuss (patho)physiological bases these interactions their implications for improvement.

Language: Английский

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Neuromorphic Optical Data Storage Enabled by Nanophotonics: A Perspective

ACS Photonics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 874 - 891

Published: March 5, 2024

The development of cloud computing and artificial intelligence technology has increased data storage demands, causing an urgency to progress nanophotonics-enabled optical storage. Inspiration can be taken from the working principles brain's memory that high capacity parallelism, integration between processing with self-learning ability, low-power consumption. correlation emerging neuroscience concept cell engrams as basic units nanophotonics techniques materials aid neuromorphic enabled by toward higher throughput lower energy In this perspective, we explore feasibility a counterpart biology emulating based on We overview materials, well challenges opportunities such implementation for future nanophotonics.

Language: Английский

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Constructing hierarchical attentive functional brain networks for early AD diagnosis

Medical Image Analysis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 103137 - 103137

Published: March 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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How ‘visual’ is the visual cortex? The interactions between the visual cortex and other sensory, motivational and motor systems as enabling factors for visual perception

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1886)

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

The definition of the visual cortex is primarily based on evidence that lesions this area impair perception. However, does not exclude may process more information than retinal origin alone, or other brain structures contribute to vision. Indeed, research across past decades has shown non-visual information, such as neural activity related reward expectation and value, locomotion, working memory sensory modalities, can modulate primary cortical responses inputs. Nevertheless, function poorly understood. Here we review recent evidence, coming from studies in rodents, arguing motor effects play a role processing itself, for instance disentangling direct auditory sound-evoked orofacial movement. These findings are placed broader framework casting vision terms predictive under control frontal, reward- motor-related systems. In contrast prevalent notion exclusively constructed by system, propose percepts generated larger network-the extended system-spanning cortices, supramodal areas frontal This article part theme issue 'Decision processes multisensory perception'.

Language: Английский

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Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids

Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(21)

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Brain organoids are three-dimensional aggregates of self-organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function human brain regions. Organoids bridge gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, clinical trials. They can revolutionize fields developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for cellular engineering, microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); optical, magnetic, acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to (3D) organoids, primarily due their limits with inherently two-dimensional geometry interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need develop new instrumentation compatible live culture techniques scalable 3D formats relevant organoids. This review discusses approaches emerging necessary advanced organoid-machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including printed curved microfluidics, fast-scan optical buckling self-folding MEAs, interfaces electrochemical measurements, spatially controllable magnetic technologies two-way information transfer highlights key challenges must be addressed robust organoid reliable spatiotemporal transfer.

Language: Английский

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The Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas reveals distinct connectivity and gene expression profiles relative to humans

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 100755 - 100755

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are one of humans' closest living relatives, making them the most directly relevant comparison point for understanding human brain evolution. Zeroing in on differences connectivity between humans and chimpanzees can provide key insights into specific evolutionary changes that might have occurred along lineage. However, such comparisons hindered by absence cross-species atlases established within same framework. To address this gap, we developed Chimpanzee Brainnetome Atlas (ChimpBNA) using a connectivity-based parcellation Leveraging new resource, found substantial divergence patterns two species across association cortices, notably lateral temporal dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These deviate sharply from pattern cortical expansion observed when comparing to chimpanzees, highlighting more complex nuanced evolution than previously recognized. Additionally, identified regions displaying connectional asymmetries differed species, likely resulting divergence. Genes highly expressed divergent connectivities were enriched cell types crucial projection circuits synapse formation, whose pronounced expression hint at genetic influences neural circuit development, function, Our study provides fine-scale chimpanzee atlas highlights chimpanzee-human rigorous comparative manner. In addition, these results suggest potential gene correlates species-specific linking neuroimaging data, offering human-unique cognitive capabilities.

Language: Английский

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