Explaining extreme differences in species richness among co-occurring palm clades in Madagascar DOI Creative Commons
Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Lars Emil S. F. Hansen, Thomas L. P. Couvreur

et al.

Evolutionary Journal of the Linnean Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Imbalance in species richness among related clades is a pervasive, yet incompletely understood feature of biodiversity. Comparison species-poor and species-rich that have evolved within the same region can shed light on mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. The long-isolated island Madagascar an ideal place for doing this. harbours at least ten palms (Arecaceae) colonized independently diversified to widely differing degrees, ranging from one 180 known species. We estimated colonization times diversification rates these based extensive phylogenomic dataset tested degree which arrived earlier more (time-for-speciation effect), finding moderate effect. For context, we time-for-speciation effects other plant animal lineages, variable but qualitatively similar results. Our findings suggest variation rate (i.e. speciation and/or extinction rate) major driver imbalance Malagasy clades, both elsewhere. demonstrate palms, differences originated long before island, suggesting minor role classical ‘island radiation’ stronger heritable traits driving rate. Ability colonize new climates also appears play role. Future work should address interplay between dynamic environment inherited colonizing lineages fully explain island’s intriguing mix clades.

Language: Английский

Escarpment evolution drives the diversification of the Madagascar flora DOI
Yi Liu, Yanyan Wang, Sean D. Willett

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6683), P. 653 - 658

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Madagascar exhibits high endemic biodiversity that has evolved with sustained and stable rates of speciation over the past several tens millions years. The topography is dominated by a mountainous continental rift escarpment, highest plant diversity rarity found along steep, eastern side this geographic feature. Using process-explicit model, we show precipitation-driven erosion landward retreat high-relief creates transient habitat organization through multiple mechanisms, including catchment expansion, isolation highland remnants, formation topographic barriers. Habitat reconnection on million-year timescale serves as an allopatric pump creating observed biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Evolution of Shoulder Type Escarpments Through Feedback Between Knickpoint and Windgap Migration DOI Creative Commons
Tianyue Qu, Eitan Shelef, Liran Goren

et al.

Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 130(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Escarpments and cliffs (hereafter termed escarpments) form topographic barriers that influence the spatial patterns of climate biodiversity. The inherent extreme slope change across escarpment edge promotes retreat over time. Typically, escarpments are divided into arch‐ shoulder‐types. In arch‐type, drainage divide is located inland, knickpoints, where channels flow escarpment, can embay escarpment. shoulder‐type, aligns with edge, a setting expected to cause slow uniform retreat, preserving their integrity as through However, observations from around globe reveal shoulder‐type associated deep embayments (i.e., alcoves) destroy linear appearance front. Yet, processes produce sustain these remain largely unexplored. Embayments typically occur along reversed which were part antecedent used away but now toward it, often resulting in valley confined called windgap. Here, we hypothesize feedback between knickpoint windgap migration embayments, use analyses numerical simulations explore this hypothesis. Our analyses, focused on field sites Negev Desert, show be sustained hypothesized feedback, quantify sensitivity geomorphologic lithologic parameters. Results suggest may explain some global variability morphologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The rise of baobab trees in Madagascar DOI Creative Commons
Jun‐Nan Wan, Shengwei Wang, Andrew R. Leitch

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8014), P. 1091 - 1099

Published: May 15, 2024

The baobab trees (genus Adansonia) have attracted tremendous attention because of their striking shape and distinctive relationships with fauna

Language: Английский

Citations

8
The macro-eco-evolutionary interplay between dispersal, competition and landscape structure in generating biodiversity DOI Creative Commons
Oskar Hagen, Duarte S. Viana, Thorsten Wiegand

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1907)

Published: June 24, 2024

Theory links dispersal and diversity, predicting the highest diversity at intermediate levels. However, modulation of this relationship by macro-eco-evolutionary mechanisms competition within a landscape is still elusive. We examine interplay between dispersal, structure in shaping biodiversity over 5 million years dynamic archipelago landscape. model allopatric speciation, temperature niche, competition, trait evolution trade-offs competitive traits. Depending on abilities their interaction with structure, our exhibits two ‘connectivity regimes’, that foster speciation events among same group islands. Peaks (i.e. alpha, gamma phylogenetic), occurred dispersal; while shifted peaks towards higher values for each connectivity regime. This shift demonstrates how can boost through thermal specialists, ultimately limiting geographical ranges. Even simple landscape, multiple relationships emerged, all shaped similarly according to strength. Our findings remain valid as dispersal- competitive-related traits evolve trade-off; potentially leaving identifiable signatures, particularly when are imposed. Overall, we scrutinize convoluted species interactions processes, lasting imprints biodiversity. article part theme issue ‘Diversity-dependence dispersal: interspecific determine spatial dynamics’.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Escarpment evolution in Madagascar unveils a pathway to understanding island biodiversity DOI Open Access
Jun‐Nan Wan, Shengwei Wang, Si‐Chong Chen

et al.

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Geomorphological River Characteristics Explain Species Turnover in Amphibians, Reptiles and Lemurs in Madagascar's Eastern Rainforests DOI Creative Commons
Dominik Schüßler, Jaime R. Alvarado Bremer,

Martin Sauerwein

et al.

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim The riverine barrier hypothesis is often tested as a driver for allopatric speciation. Rivers are usually treated static landscape features characterised by their width and elevation of headwaters. We aim to investigate the role rivers barriers using comprehensive database geomorphological characteristics assessing influence on species turnover rates. Location Eastern Madagascar. Taxon Sixty‐two taxa from 11 genera lemurs, amphibians reptiles. Methods compiled 21 variables 45 major rivers, estimated rates assemblages either side modelled river diversity. Topographic depressions, identified longitudinal profiles, heterogeneity were further analysed potential palaeoclimatic refugia alternative speciation drivers. Results A total 24 acted barriers. Three these had disproportionately high shared set distinct like maximum watershed, flow accumulation values at outlet an 800 m concavity profile. Other along main channel length coastal plain helped differentiate between with intermediate Species richness peaked in northeastern Madagascar, region highest abundance topographic depressions inferred palaeo‐wetlands. Main Conclusions Geomorphological effectively explained variations However, it remains uncertain whether functioned secondary dispersal thereby maintainers diversity, rather than primary drivers Additionally, we emphasise during oscillations, which associated depressions. Overall, integrating dynamic fluvial systems through space time into biogeographic studies offers valuable insights speciation, persistence taxa.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Record of paleo water divide locations reveals intermittent divide migration and links to paleoclimate proxies DOI Creative Commons
Elhanan Harel, Liran Goren,

Onn Crouvi

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(10)

Published: March 3, 2025

Drainage divide migration alters the geometry of drainage basins, influencing distribution water, erosion, sediments, and ecosystems across Earth's surface. The rate is governed by differences in erosion rates thus sensitive to spatiotemporal variations tectonics climate. However, established approaches for quantifying offer only indirect evidence motion provide averages. Consequently, transience cannot be resolved, hindering ability explore environmental changes that drive dynamics such potential transience. Here, we study a set datable terraces identified as markers paleo-divide locations, which direct paleo divide. location age reveal intermittent at timescales 104 105 y, with phases rapid migration-at more than twice average-which coincide documented regional paleoclimate fluctuations. These findings highlight nature over geomorphic its sensitivity climate changes, underscoring impact on planform evolution basins.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Direct effects of mountain uplift and topography on biodiversity DOI
Eyal Marder, Tara M. Smiley, Brian J. Yanites

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6740), P. 1287 - 1291

Published: March 20, 2025

Biodiversity hotspots in Earth’s mountain ranges suggest a strong connection between topographic development and biological processes. However, it remains unclear whether high biodiversity is an evolutionary response to the rate of relief generation during building. Focusing on small mammals, such as rodents, we used coupled landscape-biological simulations show that increases with magnitude tectonic uplift. This relationship, visible depositional lowlands over millions years, underscores considerable role building shaping past present terrestrial biodiversity. Our results provide insights into influence changes processes, offering potential link formation paleodiversity records.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Persistent Habitat Instability and Patchiness, Sexual Attraction, Founder Events, Drift and Selection: A Recipe for Rapid Diversification of Orchids DOI Creative Commons
James D. Ackerman, Raymond L. Tremblay, Tatiana Arias

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1193 - 1193

Published: April 11, 2025

Orchidaceae is one of the most species-rich families flowering plants, with current diversity having evolved within last 5 My. Patterns associated species richness and rapid diversification have been identified but not often evolutionary processes. We review frequently correlates suggest that processes rate by which they occur vary geographically are largely dependent on persistent pulses habitat instabilities, especially for epiphytes. Aggressive orogenesis creates fragmented habitats while global climatic cycles exacerbate ecological instabilities. The need repeated dispersal results in frequent founder events, sets stage allopatric via bouts genetic drift natural selection. allopatry requirement can be bypassed pollination systems involving flowers attracting pollinators through production sex signaling semiochemicals. drift-selection model diversification, coupled instability throughout geological time scales, likely components a multifactorial process leading to rapid, recent this family.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Migrating incision wave and the bottom-up drainage integration of the upper Yangtze River on the Tibetan Plateau before Pliocene times DOI
Yang Yu,

Xianyan Wang,

Zhengchen Li

et al.

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112810 - 112810

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0