bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Abstract
The
continuous
supply
of
glucose
and
oxygen
is
essential
for
healthy
brain
function.
Accordingly,
the
Selfish
Brain
Theory
proposes
that
human
prioritizes
its
own
energy
demands,
making
it
less
vulnerable
to
fluctuations
in
systemic
availability.
Although
studies
have
reported
decreases
cerebral
metabolism,
alternative
sources
other
than
might
be
oxidized
ATP
production.
However,
metabolism
(CMR
O2
)
has
never
been
quantified
across
brain.
In
this
study,
we
investigated
influence
insulin-induced
hypoglycemia
on
CMR
male
participants.
Additionally,
explored
prolonged
effects
cognitive
function
following
restoration
euglycemia.
We
found
remained
stable
under
hypoglycemia,
even
at
blood
levels
below
49
mg/dL.
Interestingly,
detected
a
significant
increase
flow
(CBF)
up
11%,
particularly
regions
involved
higher
processing.
Despite
rates
identified
selective
impairment
memory
consolidation
after
normal
were
restored,
with
no
observed
encoding
or
attention.
favor
Theory,
stability
suggests
efficiently
shifts
alternate
pathways
potentially
using
astrocytic
glycogen.
metabolic
flexibility,
our
results
indicate
prior
imposes
long-lasting
consolidation,
possibly
linked
glycogen
depletion
impaired
glutamate
synthesis.
summary,
study
clinical
states
pose
critical
impact
patients’
health
functioning.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: June 19, 2024
Abstract
Memory
consolidation
relies
in
part
on
the
reactivation
of
previous
experiences
during
sleep.
The
precise
interplay
sleep-related
oscillations
(slow
oscillations,
spindles
and
ripples)
is
thought
to
coordinate
information
flow
between
relevant
brain
areas,
with
ripples
mediating
memory
reactivation.
However,
humans
empirical
evidence
for
a
role
lacking.
Here,
we
investigated
relevance
sleep
specifically
human
using
targeted
Intracranial
electrophysiology
epilepsy
patients
scalp
EEG
healthy
participants
revealed
that
elevated
levels
slow
oscillation
-
spindle
activity
coincided
read-out
experimentally
induced
Importantly,
spindle-locked
recorded
intracranially
from
medial
temporal
lobe
were
found
be
correlated
identification
non-rapid
eye
movement
Our
findings
establish
as
key-oscillation
emphasize
importance
coordinated
cardinal
oscillations.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Abstract
Hippocampal
sharp-wave
ripples
(SPW-Rs)
are
high-frequency
oscillations
critical
for
memory
consolidation
in
mammals.
Despite
extensive
characterization
rodents,
their
application
as
biomarkers
to
track
and
treat
dysfunction
humans
is
limited
by
coarse
spatial
sampling,
interference
from
interictal
epileptiform
discharges
(IEDs),
lack
of
consensus
on
human
SPW-R
localization
morphology.
We
demonstrate
that
mouse
hippocampal
share
spatial,
spectral
temporal
features,
which
clearly
distinct
IEDs.
In
1024-channel
recordings
APP/PS1
mice,
SPW-Rs
were
distinguishable
IEDs
narrow
the
CA1
pyramidal
layer,
narrowband
frequency
peaks,
multiple
ripple
cycles
unfiltered
local
field
potential.
epilepsy
patients,
showed
similar
peaks
visible
subiculum
but
absent
dentate
gyrus.
Conversely,
a
broad
extent
wide-band
power.
introduce
semi-automated,
detection
toolbox
(“ripmap”)
selecting
optimal
channels
separating
event
waveforms
low-dimensional
embedding.
Our
approach
improves
accuracy,
providing
firm
foundation
future
research.
Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
386(6722)
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Simultaneous
recordings
from
hundreds
or
thousands
of
neurons
are
becoming
routine
because
innovations
in
instrumentation,
molecular
tools,
and
data
processing
software.
Such
can
be
analyzed
with
science
methods,
but
it
is
not
immediately
clear
what
methods
to
use
how
adapt
them
for
neuroscience
applications.
We
review,
categorize,
illustrate
diverse
analysis
neural
population
describe
these
have
been
used
make
progress
on
longstanding
questions
neuroscience.
review
a
variety
approaches,
ranging
the
mathematically
simple
complex,
exploratory
hypothesis-driven,
recently
developed
more
established
methods.
also
some
common
statistical
pitfalls
analyzing
large-scale
data.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Memory
consolidation
refers
to
the
process
of
converting
temporary
memories
into
long-lasting
ones.
It
is
widely
accepted
that
new
experiences
are
initially
stored
in
hippocampus
as
rapid
associative
memories,
which
then
undergo
a
establish
more
permanent
traces
other
regions
brain.
Over
past
two
decades,
studies
humans
and
animals
have
demonstrated
crucial
not
only
for
memory
but
also
imagination
future
planning,
with
CA3
region
playing
pivotal
role
generating
novel
activity
patterns.
Additionally,
growing
body
evidence
indicates
involvement
hippocampus,
especially
CA1
region,
valuation
processes.
Based
on
these
findings,
we
propose
generates
diverse
patterns,
while
evaluates
reinforces
those
patterns
most
likely
maximize
rewards.
This
framework
closely
parallels
Dyna,
reinforcement
learning
algorithm
introduced
by
Sutton
1991.
In
an
agent
performs
offline
simulations
supplement
trial-and-error
value
learning,
greatly
accelerating
process.
We
suggest
might
be
viewed
deriving
optimal
strategies
based
derived
from
limited
experiences,
rather
than
merely
strengthening
incidental
memories.
From
this
perspective,
functions
form
aimed
at
enhancing
adaptive
decision-making.
Episodic
memories
are
temporally
segmented
around
event
boundaries
that
tend
to
coincide
with
moments
of
environmental
change.
During
these
times,
the
state
brain
should
change
rapidly,
or
reset,
ensure
information
encountered
before
and
after
an
boundary
is
encoded
in
different
neuronal
populations.
Norepinephrine
(NE)
thought
facilitate
this
network
reorganization.
However,
it
unknown
whether
drive
NE
release
hippocampus
and,
if
so,
how
relates
changes
hippocampal
firing
patterns.
The
advent
new
GRAB
sensor
now
allows
for
measurement
binding
sub-second
resolution.
Using
tool
mice,
we
tested
released
into
dorsal
during
defined
by
unexpected
transitions
between
spatial
contexts
presentations
novel
objections.
We
found
dynamics
were
well
explained
time
elapsed
each
changes,
not
related
conditioned
behaviors,
exploratory
bouts
movement,
reward.
Familiarity
a
context
accelerated
rate
which
phasic
decayed
baseline.
Knowing
when
elevated,
coding
space
differs
moments.
Immediately
observed
relatively
unique
patterns
neural
spiking
settled
modal
at
similar
returned
These
results
consistent
model
wherein
drives
representations
away
from
steady-state
attractor.
hypothesize
distinctive
codes
may
long-term
memory
contribute
basis
primacy
effect.
Episodic
memories
are
temporally
segmented
around
event
boundaries
that
tend
to
coincide
with
moments
of
environmental
change.
During
these
times,
the
state
brain
should
change
rapidly,
or
reset,
ensure
information
encountered
before
and
after
an
boundary
is
encoded
in
different
neuronal
populations.
Norepinephrine
(NE)
thought
facilitate
this
network
reorganization.
However,
it
unknown
whether
drive
NE
release
hippocampus
and,
if
so,
how
relates
changes
hippocampal
firing
patterns.
The
advent
new
GRAB
sensor
now
allows
for
measurement
binding
sub-second
resolution.
Using
tool
mice,
we
tested
released
into
dorsal
during
defined
by
unexpected
transitions
between
spatial
contexts
presentations
novel
objections.
We
found
dynamics
were
well
explained
time
elapsed
each
changes,
not
related
conditioned
behaviors,
exploratory
bouts
movement,
reward.
Familiarity
a
context
accelerated
rate
which
phasic
decayed
baseline.
Knowing
when
elevated,
coding
space
differs
moments.
Immediately
observed
relatively
unique
patterns
neural
spiking
settled
modal
at
similar
returned
These
results
consistent
model
wherein
drives
representations
away
from
steady-state
attractor.
hypothesize
distinctive
codes
may
long-term
memory
contribute
basis
primacy
effect.
