ChAdOx1‐S adenoviral vector vaccine applied intranasally elicits superior mucosal immunity compared to the intramuscular route of vaccination DOI
Maja Cokarić Brdovčak, Jelena Materljan, Marko Šustić

et al.

European Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 936 - 945

Published: March 19, 2022

COVID-19 vaccines prevent severe forms of the disease, but do not warrant complete protection against breakthrough infections. This could be due to suboptimal mucosal immunity at site virus entry, given that all currently approved are administered via intramuscular route. In this study, we assessed humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice after intranasal immunization with adenoviral vector ChAdOx1-S expressing full-length Spike protein SARS-CoV-2. We showed both routes vaccination induced a potent IgG antibody response, as well robust neutralizing capacity, elicited superior IgA titer sera respiratory mucosa. Bronchoalveolar lavage from intranasally immunized efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2, which has been case intramuscularly group. Moreover, substantially higher percentages epitope-specific CD8 T cells exhibiting tissue resident phenotype were found lungs animals. Finally, protected challenge recombinant herpesvirus protein. Our results demonstrate application induces therefore promising strategy for putting pandemic under control.

Language: Английский

The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Paul Moss

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 186 - 193

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

1113
Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children DOI Open Access
Janet Chou, Paul G. Thomas, Adrienne G. Randolph

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 177 - 185

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

145
SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals DOI Creative Commons
Susan DeWolf, Justin Laracy, Miguel‐Angel Perales

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1779 - 1798

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

92
Conventional and pathogenic Th2 cells in inflammation, tissue repair, and fibrosis DOI Creative Commons
Kota Kokubo, Atsushi Onodera, Masahiro Kiuchi

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Type 2 helper T (Th2) cells, a subset of CD4 + play an important role in the host defense against pathogens and allergens by producing Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, to trigger inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence reveals that cells also contribute repair injured tissues after reactions. However, when tissue process becomes chronic, excessive, or uncontrolled, pathological fibrosis is induced, leading organ failure death. Thus, proper control needed for complete without induction fibrosis. Recently, existence pathogenic (Tpath2) has been revealed. Tpath2 produce large amounts cytokines induce type inflammation activated antigen exposure injury. In recent studies, are suggested central whereas less reported comparison conventional cells. this review, we discuss roles sequence inflammation, repair,

Language: Английский

Citations

73
Memory T cells effectively recognize the SARS-CoV-2 hypermutated BA.2.86 variant DOI Creative Commons
Thomas Müller, Yu Gao, Jinghua Wu

et al.

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 156 - 161.e3

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

T cells are critical in mediating the early control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infection. However, it remains unknown whether memory can effectively cross-recognize new SARS-CoV-2 variants with a broad array mutations, such as emergent hypermutated BA.2.86 variant. Here, we report two separate cohorts, including healthy controls and individuals chronic lymphocytic leukemia, that spike-specific CD4

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Distinct immunological signatures discriminate severe COVID-19 from non-SARS-CoV-2-driven critical pneumonia DOI Creative Commons
Stefanie Kreutmair, Susanne Unger, Nicolás Gonzalo Núñez

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(7), P. 1578 - 1593.e5

Published: May 9, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

85
SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and breakthrough infections in the Virus Watch cohort DOI Creative Commons
Robert W Aldridge, Alexei Yavlinsky, Vincent Nguyen

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

A range of studies globally demonstrate that the effectiveness SARS-CoV-2 vaccines wane over time, but total effect anti-S antibody levels on risk infection and whether this varies by vaccine type is not well understood. Here we show peak three to four weeks following second dose geometric mean samples nine fold higher for BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1. Increasing are associated with a reduced (Hazard Ratio 0.85; 95%CIs: 0.79-0.92). We do find evidence relationship (BNT162b2 vs. ChAdOx1). In keeping our data, people vaccinated ChAdOx1 had 1.64 times odds (95% confidence interval 1.45-1.85) breakthrough compared BNT162b2. anticipate findings be useful in estimation protective due Delta. Our provide about between protection different will support decisions optimising timing booster vaccinations identifying individuals who should prioritised vaccination, including those older, clinically extremely vulnerable, or received as their primary course. finding level does interact type, were at infection, provides additional use using estimating efficacy.

Language: Английский

Citations

56
Defending against SARS-CoV-2: The T cell perspective DOI Creative Commons
Patricia Almendro-Vázquez, Rocío Laguna‐Goya,

Estela Paz‐Artal

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response has been proven essential for viral clearance, COVID-19 outcome and long-term memory. Impaired early cell-driven immunity leads to a severe form of the disease associated with lymphopenia, hyperinflammation imbalanced humoral response. Analyses acute SARS-CoV-2 infection have revealed that mild course is characterized by an induction specific cells within first 7 days symptoms, coordinately followed antibody production effective control infection. In contrast, patients who do not develop cellular initiate immune subsequent high levels antibodies, symptoms. Yet, delayed persistent bystander CD8+ activation also reported in hospitalized could be driver lung pathology. Literature supports maintenance appears more stable than titters. Up date, virus-specific memory detected 22 months post-symptom onset, predominant IL-2 compared IFN-γ. Furthermore, responses are conserved against emerging variants concern (VoCs) while these mostly able evade responses. This partly explained HLA polymorphism whereby epitope repertoire recognized differ among individuals, greatly decreasing likelihood escape. Current COVID-19-vaccination shown elicit Th1-driven spike-specific response, as does natural infection, which provides substantial protection death. addition, mucosal vaccination induce strong adaptive both locally systemically protect VoCs animal models. The optimization vaccine formulations including variety regions, innovative adjuvants or diverse administration routes result desirable enhanced memory, help prevent breakthrough infections. summary, increasing evidence highlights relevance monitoring only levels, correlate after and/or vaccination. Moreover, it may better identify target populations benefit most from booster doses personalize strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

38
Updated Insights into the T Cell-Mediated Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2: A Step towards Efficient and Reliable Vaccines DOI Creative Commons
Manish Dhawan, Ali A. Rabaan,

Mahmoud M. Al Fawarah

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 101 - 101

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The emergence of novel variants SARS-CoV-2 and their abilities to evade the immune response elicited through presently available vaccination makes it essential recognize mechanisms which interacts with human response. It is not only comprehend infection mechanism but also for generation effective reliable vaccines against COVID-19. effectiveness vaccine supported by adaptive response, mainly consists B T cells, play a critical role in deciding prognosis COVID-19 disease. cells are reducing viral load containing infection. A plethora proteins can be recognized provide broad range protection, especially amid SARS-CoV-2. However, hyperactivation effector reduced number lymphocytes have been found key characteristics severe Notably, excessive cell activation may cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) producing unwarranted amounts cytokines chemokines. Nevertheless, still unknown how T-cell-mediated responses function determining Additionally, functional perturbations lead form disease protection many other infections. Hence, an updated review has developed understand involvement mechanism, turn determines Importantly, we focused on cells’ exhaustion under certain conditions these modulated therapeutic strategies discussed that elevate cell-mediated either directly or indirectly.

Language: Английский

Citations

36
T cell immune memory after covid-19 and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Lulu Wang, Alexander R. Nicols, Lance Turtle

et al.

BMJ Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. e000468 - e000468

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

The T cell memory response is a crucial component of adaptive immunity responsible for limiting or preventing viral reinfection. after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination broad, and spans multiple proteins epitopes, about 20 in each individual. So far long lasting provides high level cross reactivity hence resistance to escape by variants virus, such as omicron variant. All current vaccine regimens tested produce robust responses, heterologous will probably enhance protective responses through increased breadth. could have major role protecting against severe covid-19 disease rapid clearance early presentation presence reactive cells might this protection. likely provide ongoing protection admission hospital death, development pan-coronovirus future proof new pandemic strains.

Language: Английский

Citations

35