Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
In
recent
years,
tumor
immunotherapy
has
become
an
active
research
area,
with
the
emergence
of
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs)
revolutionizing
immunotherapy.
Clinical
evidence
indicates
that
programmed
cell
death
protein
1
(PD-1)
monoclonal
antibodies
and
other
drugs
have
remarkable
therapeutic
effects.
V-domain
Ig
suppressor
T-cell
activation
(VISTA)
is
a
new
type
receptor
highly
expressed
in
various
tumors.
It
co-expressed
PD-1,
immunoglobulin
domain,
mucin
domain-3
(Tim-3),
immunoglobulin,
immunoreceptor
tyrosine-based
inhibitory
motif
domain
(TIGIT)
associated
prognosis,
which
suggests
it
may
be
target
for
As
no
mature
drugs,
VISTA
acute
myeloid
leukemia
(AML),
multiple
myeloma
(MM),
hematological
malignancies;
however,
its
pathogenic
mechanism
should
defined
to
better
guide
treatment.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Photoimmunotherapy,
which
combines
phototherapy
with
immunotherapy,
exhibits
significantly
improved
therapeutic
effects
compared
mono-treatment
regimens.
However,
its
use
is
associated
drawbacks,
such
as
insufficient
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
production
and
uneven
photosensitizer
distribution.
To
address
these
issues,
we
developed
a
controllable,
targeted
nanosystem
that
enhances
oxidative
stress
through
multiple
pathways,
achieving
synergistic
photothermal,
photodynamic,
immunotherapy
for
tumor
treatment.
These
nanoparticles
(D/I@HST
NPs)
accurately
target
overexpressed
transferrin
receptors
(TfRs)
on
the
surface
of
cells
surface-modified
(Tf).
After
endocytosis,
D/I@HST
NPs
generate
ROS
under
808-nm
laser
irradiation,
breaking
ROS-responsive
crosslinking
agent
increasing
drug
release
utilization.
Tf
also
carries
Fe3+,
reduced
to
Fe2+
by
iron
reductase
in
acidic
microenvironment
(TME).
Consequently,
endoperoxide
bridge
structure
dihydroartemisinin
cleaved,
causing
additional
generation.
Furthermore,
released
IR-780
exerts
both
photodynamic
photothermal
effects,
enhancing
cell
death.
This
multi-pathway
amplification
effect
can
trigger
immunogenic
death
tumors,
promoting
relevant
antigens
damage-associated
molecular
patterns,
thereby
dendritic
maturation
sensitivity
immunotherapy.
Mature
transmit
signals
T
cells,
infiltration
activation,
facilitating
growth
inhibition
suppression
lung
metastasis.
myeloid-derived
suppressor
decreases
after
In
summary,
this
stress-amplified
effectively
inhibits
reverses
immunosuppressive
microenvironment,
provides
new
insights
into
combined
phototherapy.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 5, 2025
Summary
VISTA
is
a
key
immune
checkpoint
receptor
under
investigation
for
cancer
immunotherapy;
however,
its
signaling
mechanisms
remain
unclear.
Here
we
identify
conserved
four
amino
acid
(NPGF)
intracellular
motif
in
that
suppresses
cell
proliferation
by
constraining
cell-intrinsic
growth
signaling.
The
NPGF
binds
to
the
adapter
protein
NUMB
and
recruits
Rab11
endosomal
recycling
machinery.
We
characterize
class
of
triple-negative
breast
cancers
with
high
expression
low
proliferative
index.
In
tumor
cells
levels,
sequesters
at
endosomes,
which
interferes
epidermal
factor
(EGFR)
trafficking
suppress
growth.
These
effects
do
not
require
canonical
ligands,
nor
functioning
system.
As
consequence
expression,
EGFR
remains
abnormally
phosphorylated
cannot
propagate
ligand-induced
Mutation
domain
reverts
VISTA-induced
suppression
multiple
mouse
models.
results
define
mechanism
represses
control
malignant
epithelial
They
also
distinct
residues
are
critical
could
be
exploited
improve
immunotherapy.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 5, 2025
Cannabinoids
relieve
pain,
nausea,
anorexia
and
anxiety,
improve
quality
of
life
in
several
cancer
patients.
The
immunotherapy
with
checkpoint
inhibitors
(ICIs),
although
very
successful
a
subset
patients,
is
accompanied
by
moderate
to
severe
immune-related
adverse
events
(ir-AE)
that
often
necessitate
its
discontinuation.
Because
their
role
symptomatic
relief,
cannabinoids
have
been
used
combination
immune
inhibitor
(ICI)
immunotherapy.
A
few
studies
strongly
suggest
the
use
medicinal
cannabis
patients
attenuates
many
ir-AE
associated
ICI
increase
tolerability.
However,
no
significant
beneficial
effects
on
overall
survival,
progression
free
survival
or
relapses
were
observed;
rather,
some
noted
concurrent
administration
clinical
benefits
latter.
cannabinoids'
well
documented
immunosuppressive
mediated
through
cannabinoid
recptor-2
(CB2),
we
propose
considering
this
receptor
as
an
inhibitory
per
se.
simultaneous
neutralization
CB2,
treatment,
may
lead
better
outcomes
receiving
In
regard,
such
cannabidiol
(CBD)
cannabigerol
(CBG),
little
agonism
for
be
therapeutic
choices.
Additional
strategies
e.g.,
monoacylglycerol
lipase
(MAGL)
degrade
endocannabinoids
lipogenesis
formation
lipid
bilayers
cells
also
explored.
Future
should
take
into
consideration
gut
microbiota,
CYP450
polymorphism
haplotypes,
cannabinoid-drug
interactions
genetic
somatic
variations
occurring
receptors
signaling
pathways
personalized
cannabis-based
therapies
ICIs.
This
rational
knowledge-based
regimens
tailored
individual
Trends in cancer,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 1, 2025
The
B7-H
family
of
immune
checkpoint
molecules
is
a
crucial
component
the
regulatory
network
for
tumors,
offering
new
opportunities
to
modulate
tumor
microenvironment
(TME).
-
which
includes
B7-H2
(inducible
T
cell
costimulatory
ligand,
ICOSL),
B7-H3,
B7-H4,
B7-H5
(V-domain
immunoglobulin
suppressor
activation,
VISTA),
B7-H6,
and
B7-H7
(HHLA2)
known
its
diverse
roles
in
regulating
innate
adaptive
immunity.
These
can
exhibit
co-stimulatory
or
co-inhibitory
effects
on
cells,
influencing
processes
such
as
differentiation,
effector
functions,
they
are
involved
recruitment
polarization
various
cells.
This
review
explores
structural
characteristics,
receptor-ligand
interactions,
signaling
pathways
associated
with
each
member.
We
also
discuss
family's
impact
immunity
potential
therapeutic
strategies.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: March 24, 2025
Background
The
widespread
use
of
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors
(anti-CTLA4
or
PD-1)
has
opened
a
new
chapter
in
tumor
immunotherapy
by
providing
long-term
remission
for
patients.
Unfortunately,
however,
these
agents
are
not
universally
available
and
only
minority
patients
respond
to
them.
Therefore,
there
is
an
urgent
need
develop
novel
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
other
co-inhibitory
molecules.
However,
comprehensive
information
on
the
expression
prognostic
value
molecules,
including
receptors
their
ligands,
different
cancers
yet
available.
Methods
We
investigated
expression,
correlation,
molecules
cancer
types
based
TCGA,
UCSC
Xena,
TIMER,
CellMiner
datasets.
also
examined
associations
between
extent
cell
infiltration.
Besides,
we
conducted
more
in-depth
study
VISTA.
Result
results
differential
analysis,
correlation
drug
sensitivity
analysis
suggest
that
CTLA4,
PD-1,
TIGIT,
LAG3,
TIM3,
NRP1,
VISTA,
CD80,
CD86,
PD-L1,
PD-L2,
PVR,
PVRL2,
FGL1,
LGALS9,
HMGB1,
SEMA4A,
VEGFA
associated
with
prognosis
believe
they
hopefully
serve
as
biomarkers
certain
cancers.
In
addition,
our
indicates
VISTA
plays
complex
role
its
related
TMB,
MSI,
stemness,
DNA/RNA
methylation,
sensitivity.
Conclusions
These
have
potential
targets
broad
spectrum
cancers,
given
strong
key
clinical
metrics.
Furthermore,
indicate
may
represent
promising
target
therapy.
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. e008977 - e008977
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Immune
checkpoint
protein
V-domain
immunoglobulin
suppressor
of
T
cell
activation
(VISTA)
controls
antitumor
immunity
and
is
a
valuable
target
for
cancer
immunotherapy.
Previous
mechanistic
studies
have
indicated
that
VISTA
impairs
the
toll-like
receptor
(TLR)-mediated
myeloid
antigen-presenting
cells,
promoting
expansion
myeloid-derived
suppressing
tumor-reactive
cytotoxic
function.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 30, 2024
Understanding
the
initiation
of
T-helper
(Th)-2
immunity
is
crucial
for
addressing
allergic
diseases
that
have
been
linked
to
commensal
microbiota.
However,
Th2
responses
are
notably
absent
from
known
host-microbiota
intestinal
immune
circuits.
Notably,
protist