A booster dose of Delta × Omicron hybrid mRNA vaccine produced broadly neutralizing antibody against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
I‐Jung Lee, Cheng‐Pu Sun, Ping‐Yi Wu

et al.

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: July 7, 2022

With the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants that feature increased transmission and immune escape, there is an urgent demand for a better vaccine design will provide broader neutralizing efficacy.We report mRNA-based using engineered "hybrid" receptor binding domain (RBD) contains all 16 point-mutations shown in currently prevailing Omicron Delta variants.A booster dose hybrid mice previously immunized with wild-type RBD induced high titers broadly antibodies against tested concern (VOCs). In naïve mice, generated strong Omicron-specific as well low but significant other VOCs. Hybrid also elicited CD8+/IFN-γ+ T cell responses conserved epitope present wild type VOCs.These results demonstrate inclusion different antigenic mutations from various feasible approach to develop cross-protective vaccines.

Language: Английский

Spheromers reveal robust T cell responses to the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine and attenuated peripheral CD8+ T cell responses post SARS-CoV-2 infection DOI Creative Commons
Fei Gao, Vamsee Mallajosyula, Prabhu S. Arunachalam

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 864 - 878.e4

Published: March 16, 2023

T cells are a critical component of the response to SARS-CoV-2, but their kinetics after infection and vaccination insufficiently understood. Using "spheromer" peptide-MHC multimer reagents, we analyzed healthy subjects receiving two doses Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Vaccination resulted in robust spike-specific cell responses for dominant CD4

Language: Английский

Citations

59
Durability of immune responses to mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Prabhu S. Arunachalam, Lilin Lai, Hady Samaha

et al.

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 133(10)

Published: March 23, 2023

BackgroundMaintaining durable immunity following vaccination represents a major challenge, but whether mRNA booster improves durability is unknown.MethodsWe measured antibody responses in 55 healthy adults, who received dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and calculated half-life titers. We also memory B T cell subset 28 participants. In 13 volunteers second vaccine, we serum titers responses.ResultsThe (third immunization) at 6 to 10 months increased serum-neutralizing (nAb) 76 days from 56 66 after primary 2-dose vaccination. A (fourth year further 88 days. However, despite this modestly improved nAb ancestral (WA.1) strain, there was loss neutralization capacity Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1, XBB.1.5 (48-, 71-, 66-fold drop titers, respectively, relative WA.1 strain). Although only 45% 65% participants demonstrated detectable titer newer variants dose), response declined below detection limit almost all individuals by months. contrast, induced antigen-specific cells that persisted for least months.ConclusionThe marginally immunizations with vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

58
Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge conferred by prior infection or vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Valeria Fumagalli, Micol Ravà, Davide Marotta

et al.

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 633 - 643

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Vaccines have reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity and mortality, yet emerging variants challenge their effectiveness. The prevailing approach to updating vaccines targets the antibody response, operating under presumption that it is primary defense mechanism following vaccination or infection. This perspective, however, can overlook role of T cells, particularly when levels are low absent. Here we show, through studies in mouse models lacking antibodies but maintaining functional B cells lymphoid organs, immunity conferred by prior infection mRNA protect against SARS-CoV-2 independently antibodies. Our findings, using three distinct inclusive a novel human/mouse ACE2 hybrid, highlight CD8 + essential for combating infections, whereas CD4 contribute managing milder cases, with interferon-γ having an important function this antibody-independent defense. These findings importance cell responses vaccine development, urging broader perspective on protective beyond just

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions DOI Creative Commons

Rashmi Rana,

Ravi Kant,

Rohit Singh Huirem

et al.

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 265, P. 127204 - 127204

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

69
Breakthrough infections after COVID-19 vaccination: Insights, perspectives and challenges DOI Creative Commons

Evropi Amanatidou,

Anna Gkiouliava, Eva Pella

et al.

Metabolism Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 100180 - 100180

Published: March 17, 2022

Vaccination programs against SARS-CoV-2 constitute the mainstay of public health interventions global COVID-19 pandemic. Currently available vaccines have shown 90% or better rates protection severe disease and mortality. Barely a year after became available, Omicron variant its unprecedented speed transmission has posed new challenge. Overall, presents increased immune escape, transmissibility, decreased pathogenicity. Vaccines do not offer full acquisition, since "breakthrough" infections may occur in fully vaccinated individuals, who turn spread virus to others. Breakthrough be causally related viral profile (viral load, incubation period, pathogenicity, evasion), immunity characteristics (mucosal versus systemic immunity, duration etc.), host determinants (age, comorbidities, status, immunosuppressive drugs) vaccination properties (platform, antigen dose, dose number, interval, route administration). Determining rate breakthrough challenging necessitates conduction population-based studies regarding vaccine effectiveness as well neutralizing antibody testing, surrogate protection. In this review, we analyze causes infections, their clinical consequences (severity infection transmission), methods determining incidence challenges perspectives. Long COVID multi-inflammatory syndrome adolescents significantly reduced infections. The need for universal pancoranavirus that would aim at protecting plethora variants emerging is discussed. Finally, novel strategies, such nasal vaccines, confer robust mucosal protection, reducing efficiently transmission.

Language: Английский

Citations

68
SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants of concern including Omicron: A never ending pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Satwik Kuppili, Tarun Kumar Suvvari

et al.

Chemical Biology & Drug Design, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 99(5), P. 769 - 788

Published: Feb. 20, 2022

Abstract The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is associated with high morbidity and mortality. This zoonotic virus has emerged in Wuhan of China December 2019 from bats pangolins probably continuing the human‐to‐human transmission globally since last two years. As there no efficient approved treatment, a number vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed to counter pandemic. Moreover, vaccine hesitancy observed that may be another possible reason for this never ending In meantime, several variants mutations identified causing multiple waves globally. Now safety efficacy these are debatable recommended determine whether able interrupt variant concern (VOC). VOCs continue emerge appear more transmissible less sensitive virus‐specific immune responses. overview, we have highlighted various drugs used along their reported side effects. preliminary data novel VOC “Omicron” discussed existing animal models.

Language: Английский

Citations

58
Durable protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is induced by an adjuvanted subunit vaccine DOI Creative Commons
Prabhu S. Arunachalam, Yupeng Feng, Usama Ashraf

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(658)

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Despite the remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, waning immunity and emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron represents a global health challenge. Here, we present data from study in nonhuman primates demonstrating durable protection against BA.1 variant induced by subunit vaccine comprising receptor binding domain ancestral strain (RBD-Wu) on I53-50 nanoparticle adjuvanted with AS03, which was recently authorized for use individuals 18 years or older. Vaccination neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers that were maintained at high concentrations least 1 year after two doses, pseudovirus nAb geometric mean titer (GMT) 1978 live virus GMT 1331 but not variant. However, booster dose 6 to 12 months RBD-Wu RBD-β (RBD Beta variant) displayed elicited variants. In addition, observed persistent neutralization panel sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV. Furthermore, there substantial memory T B cell responses reactive resulted infection lung suppression viral burden nares weeks final immunization. Even vaccination, rapid control nares. These results highlight cross-protective AS03-adjuvanted RBD-I53-50 vaccine.

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Challenges of the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant and Its Lineages: A Global Perspective DOI
Ranjan K. Mohapatra,

Venkataramana Kandi,

Sarika Verma

et al.

ChemBioChem, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(9)

Published: March 23, 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown increased ability to mutate over the past two years, especially in regions of spike protein and receptor binding sites. Omicron (B.1.1.529) is fifth variant concern (VOC) after emergence Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta VOCs SARS-CoV-2. This new now circulated 128 countries according Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), these have shared 650,657 genome sequences as 26 January, 2022. In this article, we highlight real challenges its different lineages.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Evaluation of transplacental transfer of mRNA vaccine products and functional antibodies during pregnancy and infancy DOI Creative Commons
Mary Prahl, Yarden Golan, Arianna G. Cassidy

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: July 30, 2022

Studies are needed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy, levels protection provided their newborns through placental transfer antibodies. Here, we transplacental vaccine products functional anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies pregnancy early infancy in a cohort 20 individuals vaccinated late pregnancy. We find no evidence maternal blood, placenta tissue, or cord blood at delivery. However, time-dependent efficient IgG neutralizing neonate that persists infancy. Additionally, using phage immunoprecipitation sequencing, vaccine-specific signature Spike protein epitope binding is transplacentally transferred Timing critical ensure protective

Language: Английский

Citations

50
COVID-19 and pregnancy: clinical outcomes; mechanisms, and vaccine efficacy DOI Creative Commons

Deepak Kumar,

Sonam Verma, Indira U. Mysorekar

et al.

Translational research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 251, P. 84 - 95

Published: Aug. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

48