Molecular Mechanisms of Biotin in Modulating Inflammatory Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(15), P. 2444 - 2444

Published: July 27, 2024

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7 or H, is a water-soluble B-complex and serves an essential co-enzyme for five specific carboxylases. Holocarboxylase synthase (HCS) activates biotin facilitates its covalent attachment to these enzymes, while biotinidase releases free in the cycle. The transport of biotin, primarily from intestine, mediated by sodium-dependent multi-vitamin transporter (SMVT). Severe deficiency leads multiple carboxylase deficiency. Moreover, crucial glucose lipid utilization cellular energy production because it modulates expression metabolic enzymes via various signaling pathways transcription factors. Biotin proinflammatory cytokines immune system through similar molecular mechanisms. These regulatory roles homeostasis connect conditions such diabetes, dermatologic manifestations, sclerosis. Furthermore, deficiencies SMVT are implicated inflammatory bowel disease, affecting intestinal inflammation, permeability, flora. Notably, HCS probably directly influence gene histone modification. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on aspects associated molecules diseases related both acute responses chronic discuss potential therapeutic applications biotin.

Language: Английский

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snRNA-seq stratifies multiple sclerosis patients into distinct white matter glial responses

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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MicroRNA signatures of CD4+ T cell subsets in healthy and multiple sclerosis subjects determined by small RNA-sequencing

Journal of Neuroimmunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 401, P. 578531 - 578531

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Quarter Century of Calcium-Permeable Ion Channel, TRPV4: Perspectives on Expression and Function in Endothelial Cells - Time to Translate

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Identifying Biomarkers for Remyelination and Recovery in Multiple Sclerosis: A Measure of Progress

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 357 - 357

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology is characterized by acute and chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal injury, neurodegeneration. After decades of research into MS-related degeneration, recent efforts have shifted toward recovery the prevention further damage. A key area focus remyelination process, where researchers are studying effects pharmacotherapy on myelin repair mechanisms. compounds being tested for their potential to foster in different clinical settings through application less or more complex techniques assess efficacy. Objective: To review current methods biomarkers track regeneration over time people with MS (PwMS), implications promyelinating drug testing. Methods: Narrative review, based a selection PubMed articles discussing measure vivo functional PwMS. Results: Non-invasive tools, such as structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET), implemented repair, while other like evoked potentials, MRI, digital markers allow assessment recovery. These methods, alone combination, been employed obtain precise various trials MS. Conclusions: Combining identify restoration could yield novel biomarkers, enhancing accuracy trial outcomes remyelinating therapies

Language: Английский

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Current challenges in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, activity detection and treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Approximately 50% diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) transition to secondary progressive (SPMS) within 20 years following disease onset. However, early diagnosis of SPMS and effective treatment remain important clinical challenges. The lack established diagnostic criteria often leads delays in identifying SPMS. Also, there are limited disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) available for forms MS, these require evidence activity be initiated. This review examines the challenges diagnosing at an stage summarizes current potential use biomarkers progression practice. We also discuss difficulties initiating DMTs indicated active (aSPMS), particularly patients already undergoing that suppress activity, which may mask presence inflammatory required therapy switch. article addresses both non-active SPMS, along trials supported approval aSPMS or relapsing MS Europe, includes aSPMS. offer insights on when discontinuing treatments appropriate.

Language: Английский

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The role of the adaptive immune system in the initiation and persistence of multiple sclerosis

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 101947 - 101947

Published: April 4, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which complex networks interacting immune cells initiate and sustain disease. The pathogenesis relapsing MS driven by adaptive that become activated outside CNS compartment then migrate into to a presumably autoimmune inflammatory process. Recent technological advances, particularly single-cell analyses, have revealed substantial heterogeneity T B involved this stage Disease progression involves different mechanisms, with compartmentalized inflammation chronic activation CNS-resident becoming predominant features. contribution tissue-resident pathology progressive MS, including CD8+ meningeal compart, increasingly debated. Here, we will discuss concepts how might maintain CNS, while responses intrinsic cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, are described elsewhere [1-5] not be particular focus overview. Finally, it aim review conceptualize grounds for efficient therapeutic interventions targeting players but also MS.

Language: Английский

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Broad rim lesions are a new pathological and imaging biomarker for rapid disease progression in multiple sclerosis

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Research of Multiple Sclerosis

Sclerosis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 15 - 15

Published: April 29, 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system affecting over 2.8 million people around world. Artificial intelligence (AI) becoming increasingly utilised in many areas, including patient care for MS. AI revolutionising diagnosis and treatment MS by enhancing accuracy efficiency both processes. algorithms, particularly those based on machine learning, are being used to analyse medical imaging data, such as MRI scans, detect early signs MS, monitor progression assess response with greater precision. can help identify subtle changes brain spinal cord that may be missed human clinicians, leading earlier more personalised plans. Additionally, employed predict outcomes, which could allow clinicians tailor therapies individual patients their unique characteristics. In drug development, accelerating identification potential therapeutic targets optimisation clinical trial designs, potentially faster development new treatments also playing a critical role fundamental research promoting efficient analysis vast amounts single-cell data. Through these advancements, improve overall management offering timely interventions better outcomes. this review, we discuss topics whether influence diagnosis, change future field.

Language: Английский

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The refined Pathways to Cures Research Roadmap for multiple sclerosis cures

Multiple Sclerosis Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system affecting nearly 3 million people worldwide. Although much progress has been made in understanding and treatment MS, cures remain elusive.

Language: Английский

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