Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1-3), P. 25 - 43
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Introduction
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
is
a
major
agent
of
healthcare-associated
infections
and
cause
some
community-acquired
infections,
including
severe
bacteremic
associated
with
metastatic
abscesses
in
liver
other
organs.
Clinical
relevance
compounded
by
its
outstanding
propensity
to
evolve
antibiotic
resistance.
In
particular,
the
emergence
dissemination
carbapenem
resistance
K.
has
posed
challenge
due
few
residual
treatment
options,
which
have
only
recently
been
expanded
new
agents.
The
epidemiological
success
carbapenem-resistant
(CR-Kp)
mainly
linked
clonal
lineages
that
produce
carbapenem-hydrolyzing
enzymes
(carbapenemases)
encoded
plasmids.
Journal of Internal Medicine,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
287(3), P. 283 - 300
Published: Nov. 2, 2019
Hypervirulent
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
(hvKp)
has
emerged
as
a
concerning
global
pathogen.
hvKp
is
more
virulent
than
classical
K.
(cKp)
and
capable
of
causing
community-acquired
infections,
often
in
healthy
individuals.
carried
the
gastrointestinal
tract,
which
contributes
to
its
spread
community
healthcare
settings.
First
recognized
Asia,
arose
leading
cause
pyogenic
liver
abscesses.
In
decades
since,
globally
causes
variety
infections.
addition
abscesses,
distinct
from
cKp
ability
metastasize
distant
sites,
including
most
commonly
eye,
lung
central
nervous
system
(CNS).
also
been
implicated
primary
extrahepatic
infections
bacteremia,
pneumonia
soft
tissue
The
genetic
determinants
hypervirulence
are
found
on
large
virulence
plasmids
well
chromosomal
mobile
elements
can
be
used
biomarkers
distinguish
clinical
isolates.
These
include
up
four
siderophore
systems
for
iron
acquisition,
increased
capsule
production,
K1
K2
types,
colibactin
toxin.
Additionally,
strains
demonstrate
hypermucoviscosity,
phenotypic
description
laboratory
conditions
that
become
distinguishing
feature
many
hypervirulent
Alarmingly,
multidrug-resistant
have
emerged,
creating
new
challenge
combating
this
already
dangerous
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
17(17), P. 6278 - 6278
Published: Aug. 28, 2020
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
is
an
important
gram-negative
opportunistic
pathogen
that
causes
a
variety
of
infectious
diseases,
including
urinary
tract
infections,
bacteremia,
pneumonia,
and
liver
abscesses.
With
the
emergence
multidrug-resistant
(MDR)
hypervirulent
K.
(hvKP)
strains,
rapid
spread
these
clinical
strains
in
geography
particularly
worrying.
However,
detailed
mechanisms
virulence
antibiotic
resistance
are
still
not
very
clear.
Therefore,
studying
elucidating
pathogenic
drug
mechanism
infection
parts
current
medical
research.
In
this
paper,
we
systematically
summarized
virulence,
biofilm,
tolerance
pneumoniae,
explored
application
whole
genome
sequencing
global
proteomics,
which
will
provide
new
clues
for
treatment
pneumoniae.
Genome Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 16, 2020
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
is
a
leading
cause
of
bloodstream
infection
(BSI).
Strains
producing
extended-spectrum
beta-lactamases
(ESBLs)
or
carbapenemases
are
considered
global
priority
pathogens
for
which
new
treatment
and
prevention
strategies
urgently
required,
due
to
severely
limited
therapeutic
options.
South
Southeast
Asia
major
hubs
antimicrobial-resistant
(AMR)
K.
also
the
characteristically
antimicrobial-sensitive,
community-acquired
"hypervirulent"
strains.
The
emergence
hypervirulent
AMR
strains
lack
data
on
exopolysaccharide
diversity
pose
challenge
BSI
control
worldwide.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
244, P. 114006 - 114006
Published: July 1, 2022
The
ESKAPE
(Enterococcus
faecium,
Staphylococcus
aureus,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae,
Acinetobacter
baumannii,
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa,
and
Enterobacter
spp.)
pathogens
are
characterised
by
increased
levels
of
resistance
towards
multiple
classes
first
line
last-resort
antibiotics.
Although
these
frequently
isolated
from
clinical
environments
implicated
in
a
variety
life-threatening,
hospital-associated
infections;
antibiotic
resistant
strains
have
been
environmental
reservoirs
such
as
surface
water,
wastewater,
food,
soil.
Literature
on
the
persistence
subsequent
health
risks
posed
isolates
extra-hospital
settings
is
however,
limited
current
review
aims
to
elucidate
primary
environment,
their
profiles,
link
community-acquired
infections.
Additionally,
information
state
research
regarding
health-risk
assessments
linked
exposure
natural
outlined.
Frontiers in Microbiology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 8, 2021
Hypervirulent
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
(hvKP)
has
spread
globally
since
first
described
in
the
Asian
Pacific
Rim.
It
is
an
invasive
variant
that
differs
from
classical
K.
(cKP),
with
hypermucoviscosity
and
hypervirulence,
causing
community-acquired
infections,
including
pyogenic
liver
abscess,
pneumonia,
meningitis,
endophthalmitis.
utilizes
a
battery
of
virulence
factors
for
survival
pathogenesis,
such
as
capsule,
siderophores,
lipopolysaccharide,
fimbriae,
outer
membrane
proteins,
type
6
secretion
system,
which
former
two
are
dominant.
This
review
summarizes
these
hvKP-associated
order
to
understand
its
molecular
pathogenesis
shed
light
on
new
strategies
improve
prevention,
diagnosis,
treatment
hvKP-causing
infection.
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
75(2), P. 327 - 336
Published: Oct. 9, 2019
Carbapenem-resistant
hypervirulent
Klebsiella
pneumoniae
(CR-hvKP)
have
been
increasingly
reported
in
China.
Here,
a
multicentre,
longitudinal
surveillance
study
on
CR-hvKP
is
described.We
retrospectively
investigated
carbapenem-resistant
K.
(CRKP)
56
centres
across
China
during
2015-17
and
screened
the
virulence
genes
(iucA,
iroN,
rmpA
rmpA2)
for
presence
of
plasmids.
Hypermucoviscosity,
serum
killing
Galleria
mellonella
lethality
experiments
were
conducted
to
identify
among
strains
with
all
four
genes.
Capsule
typing,
fitness
plasmid
features
also
investigated.A
total
1052
CRKP
collected.
Among
these,
34.2%
(360/1052)
carried
72
them
had
tested.
Fifty-five
(76.4%)
considered
be
using
G.
infection
model,
KPC-2-producing
K64-ST11
being
most
common
type
(80%,
44/55).
Prevalence
differed
greatly
between
regions,
highest
Henan
(25.4%,
17/67)
Shandong
(25.8%,
25/97).
A
significant
increase
ST11
was
observed,
from
2.1%
(3/141)
2015
7.0%
(23/329)
2017
(P=0.045).
Alarmingly,
compared
classic
CRKP,
no
difference
growth
found
(P=0.7028),
suggesting
potential
risk
dissemination.
The
hybrid
resistance-encoding
evolved
pLVPK
resistance
harbouring
blaKPC-2,
indicating
evolution
existed
hypervirulence
hyper-resistance
plasmid.CR-hvKP
more
frequently
detected
than
previously
assumed,
especially
ST11.
Dissemination
could
extremely
rapid
due
limited
cost.
Also,
into
plasmids
identified,
presenting
challenges
public
health
control.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
34(2)
Published: March 16, 2021
Gram-negative
bacteremia
is
a
devastating
public
health
threat,
with
high
mortality
in
vulnerable
populations
and
significant
costs
to
the
global
economy.
Concerningly,
rates
of
both
antimicrobial
resistance
causative
species
are
increasing.
develops
three
phases.
First,
bacteria
invade
or
colonize
initial
sites
infection.
Second,
overcome
host
barriers,
such
as
immune
responses,
disseminate
from
body
bloodstream.
Third,
adapt
survive
blood
blood-filtering
organs.
To
develop
new
therapies,
it
critical
define
species-specific
multispecies
fitness
factors
required
for
model
systems
that
relevant
human
A
small
subset
responsible
majority
cases,
including
