The WHO fungal priority pathogens list: a crucial reappraisal to review the prioritisation

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 717 - 724

Published: April 9, 2024

In October, 2022, WHO published the first fungal priority pathogen list, which categorised 19 entities into three groups (critical, high, and medium), for prioritisation of research efforts. The final ranking was determined via multiple criteria decision analysis, considering both development needs perceived public health importance. this Personal View, we discuss positioning pathogens, namely, Mucorales, Candida spp, Histoplasma Coccidioides Paracoccidioides Fusarium eumycetoma causative agents, Talaromyces marneffei, Pneumocystis jirovecii, while expressing concerns about potential disparities between list actual disease burden associated with these pathogens. Finally, propose a revised that also considers regional in diseases.

Language: Английский

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Invasive fungal disease in the immunocompromised host: changing epidemiology, new antifungal therapies and management challenges

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Classes and phyla of the kingdom Fungi

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 1 - 165

Published: Oct. 15, 2024

Abstract Fungi are one of the most diverse groups organisms with an estimated number species in range 2–3 million. The higher-level ranking fungi has been discussed framework molecular phylogenetics since Hibbett et al., and definition higher ranks (e.g., phyla) ‘true fungi’ have revised several subsequent publications. Rapid accumulation novel genomic data advancements now facilitate a robust precise foundation for classification within kingdom. This study provides updated kingdom , drawing upon comprehensive phylogenomic analysis Holomycota which we outline well-supported nodes fungal tree explore more contentious groupings. We accept 19 phyla Fungi, viz . Aphelidiomycota Ascomycota Basidiobolomycota Basidiomycota Blastocladiomycota Calcarisporiellomycota Chytridiomycota Entomophthoromycota Entorrhizomycota Glomeromycota Kickxellomycota Monoblepharomycota Mortierellomycota Mucoromycota Neocallimastigomycota Olpidiomycota Rozellomycota Sanchytriomycota, Zoopagomycota In phylogenies, Caulochytriomycota resides ; thus, former is regarded as synonym latter, while Caulochytriomycetes viewed class provide description each phylum followed by its classes. A new subphylum, Sanchytriomycotina Karpov introduced only subphylum Sanchytriomycota subclass Pneumocystomycetidae Kirk al. Pneumocystomycetes invalid thus validated. Placements fossil classes also discussed, providing examples.

Language: Английский

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Human inborn errors of immunity underlying Talaromyces marneffei infections: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Introduction Talaromyces marneffei ( T. ) infections in children can occur secondary to inborn errors of immunity (IEIs). We aimed investigate the clinical and genetic features infection Chinese pediatric patients. Materials methods retrospectively reviewed 18 patients with IEIs who were diagnosed at five public hospitals China from January 2015 2023. Results The common among fever, cough, hepatomegaly. most severe complications included septic shock, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Three cases presented pan-hypogammaglobulinemia, while three other showed heightened levels IgM. Elevated IgE detected cases, six exhibited decreased T lymphocyte absolute counts. Four hyperimmunoglobulin M (HIGM) due CD40LG mutations, had combined immunodeficiency (SCID), hyper-IgE (HIES). Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations STAT1 led GOF four cases. One patient was caspase-recruitment domain (CARD9) deficiency a compound mutation CARD9 gene, another confirmed adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. Conclusion induced systemic complications. These commonly abnormal immunoglobulin peripheral blood, underlying associated have enhanced our understanding disease.

Language: Английский

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The microbial damage and host response framework: lesson learned from pathogenic survival trajectories and immunoinflammatory responses of Talaromyces marneffei infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

The adverse outcomes of fungal infection in mammalian hosts depend on the complex interactions between host immune system and pathogen virulence-associated traits. main clinical problems arise when response is either too weak to effectively eliminate or overly aggressive, resulting tissue damage rather than protection. This article will highlight current knowledge regarding virulence attributions mechanisms involved dual-sided role immunopathogenesis thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei through lens framework (DRF) microbial pathogenesis model.

Language: Английский

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The impact of climate change on the epidemiology of fungal infections: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and public health strategies

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Anthropogenic climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions, is reshaping ecosystems and creating conditions that affect 58% of all known human infectious diseases, including fungal infections. Specifically, increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, extreme weather events are influencing growth, distribution, virulence. These factors may expand the geographic range pathogenic fungi, exposing populations to novel, potentially more virulent, or drug-resistant strains. Simultaneously, such as declining immunity, aging populations, increased use immunosuppressive therapies enhancing host susceptibility. This review explores intricate relationship between change infections, highlighting pathogens demonstrate virulence antifungal resistance, along with emerging novel pathogens. The clinical implications profound, morbidity, mortality, spread infections into new regions. Immediate action required develop policies, educational initiatives, therapies, enhance early diagnostic capabilities, address healthcare disparities mitigate growing burden

Language: Английский

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Lung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 258 - 265

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

This review highlights the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of pulmonary infections caused by emerging fungal organisms.

Language: Английский

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Euglena mutabilis exists in a FAB consortium with microbes that enhance cadmium tolerance

International Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 1249 - 1268

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Background Synthetic algal–fungal and algal–bacterial cultures have been investigated as a means to enhance the technological applications of algae. This inclusion other microbes has enhanced growth improved stress tolerance algal culture. The goal current study was investigate natural microbial consortia gain an understanding occurrence benefits these associations in nature. photosynthetic protist Euglena mutabilis is often found association with acidic environments high heavy metal (HM) concentrations. may suggest that interactions are essential for protist’s ability tolerate extreme environments. Our assessed Cd fungal–algal–bacterial (FAB) whereby algae E. . Results provides first assessment antibiotic antimycotic agents on results indicate significantly decreased viability cells when they were also exposed Cd. Similar treatments gracilis had variable or non-significant impacts tolerance. recovered better after pre-treatment antibiotics than did recoveries by heterotrophic without In contrast, both species displayed increased chlorophyll production upon exposure. PacBio full-length amplicon sequencing targeted Sanger identified present culture be fungus Talaromyces sp. bacterium Acidiphilium acidophilum Conclusion uncovers possible fungal, algal, bacterial relationship, what we refer FAB consortium. members this consortium interact response higher axenic description interaction basis explore interactions. will provide knowledge direction use creating maintaining biotechnological purposes, including bioremediation.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of Diagnostic and Management Strategies for Talaromycosis, an Underrated Disease

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 647 - 647

Published: June 6, 2023

Underrated and neglected, talaromycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease endemic to the tropical subtropical regions of Asia. In China, it has been reported that mortality doubles from 24 50% when diagnosis delayed, reaches 100% missed. Thus, accurate utmost importance. Herein, in first part this article, we provide an extensive review diagnostic tools used thus far by physicians management cases talaromycosis. The challenges encountered perspectives which may aid discovery more reliable approaches are also discussed. second review, discuss drugs prevent treat T. marneffei infection. Alternative therapeutic options potential drug resistance contemporary literature We aim guide researchers towards novel prevent, diagnose, talaromycosis, therefore improve prognosis for those afflicted important disease.

Language: Английский

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Imported Systemic Endemic Mycoses in Spain 1997–2021: An Analysis of a National Hospital Database

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 68(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Systemic endemic mycoses are systemic fungal infections typically found in tropical and subtropical regions. Their global incidence is rising, including nonendemic countries, mainly due to migration international travel. They a major cause of morbidity mortality worldwide, especially immunocompromised patients. This study aimed analyse trends their presentation hospitalised patients Spain from 1997 2021. retrospective, observational drew data the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. We used diagnostic codes 9th 10th International Classification Diseases for histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis talaromycosis, retrieving cases national public registry. Over period, 646 138 47 24 talaromycosis were reported, with rising number annually, driven by an increase histoplasmosis. A segmented linear regression predictive model 10-year forecast showed steady increase, reaching 128 hospitalisations (95% confidence interval [CI] 87-168) 2031. Overall, in-hospital was 10.9%, higher histoplasmosis (11.3%) coccidioidomycosis (10.9%) independently associated immunosuppression both (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.28, 95% CI 1.72-6.24; p < 0.001) (aOR 4.05, 1.22-13.44; = 0.022). Hospitalisations mycoses, on rise Spain. Mortality significant primarily immunosuppression. trend expected continue coming years, underscoring importance maintaining hospital-based surveillance

Language: Английский

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