Development and validation of molecular diagnostic assays for emerging swine and human coronaviruses DOI Open Access
Jinhui Zhu

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of highly diverse, enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales family Coronaviridae. have wide range host species can infect humans, mammal animals, various birds. New coronaviruses and/or CoV variants periodically emerged or re-emerged significant impacts on health humans animals. Sensitive, specific, rapid methods for detecting emerging critical control spread these viruses. In pigs, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV), deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), swine acute syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) important enteric pathogens. Some them (e.g. virulent PEDV variant, PDCoV SADS-CoV) relatively recently. Since CoVs cause similar clinical signs, lab-based differential diagnosis is necessary. Reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) sensitive specific assay has been widely used detection many viruses, including coronaviruses. However, there concerns with some previously described assays that cross-reacted other pathogens such as PRCV sparrow deltacoronaviruses. Thus, first study, we developed evaluated multiple singleplex RT-rtPCR each then selected one PEDV, PDCoV, TGEV, SADS-CoV, together an exogenous internal positive (XIPC) to develop PEDV/PDCoV/TGEV/SADS-CoV/XIPC 5-plex RT-rtPCR. The had excellent analytical specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, diagnostic performance. After thorough validation, was screen 1,807 samples collected from U.S. during 2019–2021 investigate whether SADS-CoV present also determine frequency swine. All 1807 tested negative SADS-CoV. Among CoVs, low intermediate high PEDV. emergence COVID-19, caused by severe respiratory 2 (SARS-CoV-2), unprecedented global public aspects. Meanwhile, types detect SARS-CoV-2; this greatly advanced technologies field. point-of-care (POC) testing, which needed resource-limited areas nursing homes long-term care facilities, lacking. second describe development validation sample-in-result-out POCKIT Central system SARS-CoV-2 comparison commercial reference RT-PCR (TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit). Both were able strains variants. limit both determined testing serial dilutions USA-WA1/2020 isolate. Subsequently, 183 specificity agreement great. compact sample-to-result (combing nucleic acid extraction amplification into instrument) simplified efficient tool detection. summary, thoroughly validated. This simultaneously differentiate reaction. Although our data current study indicate no evidence presence at present, availability will enable us conduct ongoing surveillance be better prepared respond any future introduction. valuable differentiating not only but cross-species infection. addition, novel, automated orf1ab RT-iiPCR combined reaction instrument thesis, comparable accuracy RT-PCR, especially Ct < 30. easily set up implemented where high-throughput large number needed. platform readily adapted human animal

Language: Английский

The role of colchicine in the management of COVID-19: a Meta-analysis DOI Creative Commons
Kholoud Elshiwy, Ghada Essam El-Din Amin,

Mohamed Nazmy Farres

et al.

BMC Pulmonary Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: April 20, 2024

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has robustly affected the global healthcare and economic systems it was caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). clinical presentation of ranges from a flu-like illness to severe pneumonia death. Till September 2022, cumulative number cases exceeded 600 million worldwide deaths were more than 6 million. Colchicine is an alkaloid drug that used in many autoinflammatory conditions e.g., gout, familial Mediterranean fever, Behçet's syndrome. inhibits production superoxide release interleukins stimulate inflammatory cascade. decreases differentiation myofibroblast fibrotic mediators including transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) are related fibrosis. Moreover, colchicine been traet viral myocarditis CMV or EBV, interstitial pneumonia, pericarditis resulting influenza B infection. Additionally, considered safe affordable with wide availability.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
First detection of Omicron variant BA.4.1 lineage in dogs, Chile DOI Creative Commons
Belén Agüero,

F. Berrios,

Catalina Pardo‐Roa

et al.

Veterinary Quarterly, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 1 - 10

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

SARS-CoV-2's rapid global spread caused the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Alongside humans, domestic dogs and cats are also susceptible to infection. However, limited reports on pet infections Chile prompted comprehensive study address this knowledge gap. Between 2021 2023, assessed 65 pets (26 39 cats) from 33 COVID-19+ households alongside 700 nasal swabs animals with unknown status. Using RT-PCR, nasal, fecal, environmental samples were analyzed for virus. In households, 6.06% tested positive SARS-CoV-2, belonging 3 dogs, indicating human-to-pet transmission. Pets status negative We obtained 2 SARS-CoV-2 genomes animals, that belonged Omicron BA.4.1 variant, marking first report infected lineage globally. Phylogenetic analysis showed these sequences clustered human collected during same period when variant was prevalent country. The prevalence Chilean relatively low, likely due country's high vaccination rate. Our highlights importance upholding strengthening strategies mitigate risk interspecies It underscores critical role One Health approach addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, calling further research infection dynamics factors understanding.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic agent of inflammatory disease and infectious COVID-19 virus: live or dead mesenchymal? DOI Creative Commons
Ramiar Kamal Kheder, Omeed Darweesh, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen

et al.

Molecular Biology Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

The COVID-19 infection is a worldwide disease that causes numerous immune-inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and lung dysfunction. vaccines, including those from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, are available globally as effective interventions for combating the disease. severity of can be most effectively reduced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) because they possess anti-inflammatory activity reverse MSCs harvested various sources, such adipose tissue, bone marrow, peripheral blood, inner organs, neonatal tissues. regulation inflammatory cytokines crucial in inhibiting diseases promoting presence infectious diseases. have been employed therapeutic agents diabetes, autoimmune diseases, patients. Our research aimed to determine whether live or dead more suitable treatment findings concluded MSCs, when directly administered patient, offer advantages over viable due their extended higher levels immune regulation, T-reg, B-reg, IL-10, compared MSCs. Additionally, apoptotic likely readily captured monocytes macrophages, prolonging

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Development of primer-probe sets to rapidly distinguish single nucleotide polymorphisms in SARS-CoV-2 lineages DOI Creative Commons
Christopher Ealand, Bhavna G. Gordhan, Edith E. Machowski

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infections are driven by the emergence of various variants, with differential propensities to escape immune containment. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RNA genome result altered protein structures and when these changes occur S -gene, encoding spike protein, ability virus penetrate host cells initiate an infection can be significantly altered. As a result, vaccine efficacy prior immunity may diminished, potentially leading new waves infection. Early detection variants using rapid scalable approach will paramount for continued monitoring infections. In this study, we developed minor groove-binding (MGB) probe-based qPCR assays targeted specific SNPs which present concern (VOC), namely E484K, N501Y, G446S D405N mutations. A total 95 archived positive clinical specimens collected Johannesburg, South Africa between February 2021 March 2022 were assessed assays. To independently confirm SNP detection, Sanger sequencing relevant region -gene performed. Where PCR product could generated sequenced, 100% concordant highlighting robustness approach. These assays, described, offer opportunity easy scaling variant-defining setting.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Nationwide seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and five Omicron sublineages in companion cats and dogs in the USA: Insights into their role in COVID-19 epidemiology DOI Creative Commons
Subarna Barua, Nneka Vivian Iduu, Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology in companion animals is critical for evaluating their role viral transmission and potential as sentinels human infections. This large-scale serosurvey analyzed serum samples from 706 cats 2,396 dogs collected across the USA 2023 using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) to detect antibodies. Overall, 5.7% of 4.7% tested positive antibodies, with younger (under 12 months) showing significantly lower seropositivity rates (p = 0.0048). Additionally, we 153 variant-specific antibody responses six sVNT kits targeting Delta variant five Omicron sublineages. Among cats, 67.5% showed antibodies Delta, positivity sublineages follows: BA.1 (62.5%), BA.2 (42.5%), BA.4/BA.5 (77.5%), XBB (52.5%), XBB.1.5 (45.0%). In dogs, 55.8% were sublineage (46.0%), (37.2%), (58.4%), (13.3%), (9.7%). Given close contact between humans, persistence against various variants sublineages, our findings suggest that seroprevalence may serve valuable tool tracking COVID-19 epidemiology.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Transmission, Pathological Mechanism and Pathogenesis of SARS-1 and SARS-2 DOI Open Access
Shahbaa AL-Taee,

Enas Mustafa,

Ahmed M. Al-Saidya

et al.

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 55(3), P. 747 - 758

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

HE coronavirus is an etiological agent of affects both animals and humans.Sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-2) (SARS-1) are caused by two viruses belonging to subgenus beta-coronavirus.SARS-1 SARS-2 considered zoonotic diseases transmitted from human causing epidemic SARS-1 pandemic SARS-2.In humans have a tropism binding receptors the ACE2 which entry site for host cells.In animal virus affected all aged cause disturbances in organs but main clinical signs disorder with development some complications failure functions advance cases.Similarity resulted thrombus formation accompanied elevated d-dimer, increase fibrin long time prothrombin.Inaddition neurological olfactory dysfunction was detected SARS-2.This review focused on transmission, defense mechanisms, pathophysiology pathogenesis.There similarity different points between SARS-2, general SARS2 less pathogenic more rapidly transmissible than SARS-1.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Development and validation of molecular diagnostic assays for emerging swine and human coronaviruses DOI Open Access
Jinhui Zhu

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of highly diverse, enveloped, positive-sense and single-stranded RNA viruses in the order Nidovirales family Coronaviridae. have wide range host species can infect humans, mammal animals, various birds. New coronaviruses and/or CoV variants periodically emerged or re-emerged significant impacts on health humans animals. Sensitive, specific, rapid methods for detecting emerging critical control spread these viruses. In pigs, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV), deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), swine acute syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) important enteric pathogens. Some them (e.g. virulent PEDV variant, PDCoV SADS-CoV) relatively recently. Since CoVs cause similar clinical signs, lab-based differential diagnosis is necessary. Reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-rtPCR) sensitive specific assay has been widely used detection many viruses, including coronaviruses. However, there concerns with some previously described assays that cross-reacted other pathogens such as PRCV sparrow deltacoronaviruses. Thus, first study, we developed evaluated multiple singleplex RT-rtPCR each then selected one PEDV, PDCoV, TGEV, SADS-CoV, together an exogenous internal positive (XIPC) to develop PEDV/PDCoV/TGEV/SADS-CoV/XIPC 5-plex RT-rtPCR. The had excellent analytical specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, diagnostic performance. After thorough validation, was screen 1,807 samples collected from U.S. during 2019–2021 investigate whether SADS-CoV present also determine frequency swine. All 1807 tested negative SADS-CoV. Among CoVs, low intermediate high PEDV. emergence COVID-19, caused by severe respiratory 2 (SARS-CoV-2), unprecedented global public aspects. Meanwhile, types detect SARS-CoV-2; this greatly advanced technologies field. point-of-care (POC) testing, which needed resource-limited areas nursing homes long-term care facilities, lacking. second describe development validation sample-in-result-out POCKIT Central system SARS-CoV-2 comparison commercial reference RT-PCR (TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit). Both were able strains variants. limit both determined testing serial dilutions USA-WA1/2020 isolate. Subsequently, 183 specificity agreement great. compact sample-to-result (combing nucleic acid extraction amplification into instrument) simplified efficient tool detection. summary, thoroughly validated. This simultaneously differentiate reaction. Although our data current study indicate no evidence presence at present, availability will enable us conduct ongoing surveillance be better prepared respond any future introduction. valuable differentiating not only but cross-species infection. addition, novel, automated orf1ab RT-iiPCR combined reaction instrument thesis, comparable accuracy RT-PCR, especially Ct < 30. easily set up implemented where high-throughput large number needed. platform readily adapted human animal

Language: Английский

Citations

0