Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of anti-pneumococcal specific antibodies in children with recurrent acute otitis media

Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 8

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) has contributed to a dramatic reduction in invasive pneumococcal diseases. However, its impact upon nasopharyngeal carriage and upper respiratory tract infections is unclear. This study was aimed evaluate the humoral immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae children with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) post PCV era. We evaluated eight representative serotypes included PCV13 (3, 6 A, 6B, 9 V, 14, 18 C, 19 F, 23 F) among rAOM. Serum total immunoglobulin levels were typically within normal range, but there decrease IgG2 >20% of cases. Serotype-specific antibody titers not significantly different for any serotype rAOM group compared healthy controls, except 3. Conversely, ability serotype-specific antibodies induce opsonophagocytic killing increased three (6 14). There positive correlation between titer activity five F). Quantitative qualitative evaluation would be an important method evaluating

Language: Английский

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Bivalent circular RNA vaccines against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 31, 2025

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) and Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGEV) pose significant threats to neonatal piglets, leading severe diarrhea potentially lethal consequences. Beyond enforcing stringent biosecurity protocols, effective safe vaccinations are crucial in mitigating the impact of these diseases. In this study, PEDV S1 (PS1) TGEV (TS1) antigens were initially chosen as candidates for development circRNA vaccines. Recognizing comparatively lower immunogenicity PS1 antigen contrast TS1 antigen, we strategically conjugated with pig fragment crystallizable (Fc) region form PS1F. Despite efforts, bivalent vaccine prepared using an equal amount circRNAPS1F circRNATS1 mixture still led a reduction antibody levels against PS1. Subsequent dosage optimization two vaccines resulted induction comparable specific antibodies T cell immunity. Furthermore, sequential vaccination regimen commercial inactivated (IAV) could elicit predominantly Th1-driven responses effectively neutralize both TGEV. Our findings not only provide potential strategy or multivalent circRNA/mRNA-based but also highlight promising application strategies within swine industry.

Language: Английский

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Antibodies as key mediators of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by infection with the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in respiratory tract. There was an estimated 10.6 million people newly diagnosed TB, and there were approximately 1.3 deaths TB 2022. Although global prevalence of has remained high for decades annual leading cause death attributed to infectious diseases, only one vaccine, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), been approved so far prevent/attenuate disease. Correlates protection or immunological mechanisms that are needed control M.tb remain unknown. The protective role antibodies after BCG vaccination also largely unclear; however, recent studies have provided evidence their involvement against disease, as biomarkers state infection, potential predictors outcomes. Interestingly, generated post-vaccination linked activation innate immune cascades, providing further antibody effector functions critical pathogens such M.tb. In this review, we aim provide current knowledge application diagnosis, prevention, treatment. Particularly, review will focus on 1) preventing infections through Mtb adherence epithelium, antibody-mediated phagocytosis, cellular cytotoxicity; 2) M.tb-directed response how humoral profiles different glycosylation patterns these disease state; 3) How immunity can be explored early diagnosis detection methods combat burden. Broadening paradigm differentiated profiling antibody-based during progression offers new directions treatment, preventative strategies. This approach involves linking aforementioned responses state, progression, clearance.

Language: Английский

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Compartment-specific antibody correlates of protection to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in macaques

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 110174 - 110174

Published: June 5, 2024

Antibodies represent a primary mediator of protection against respiratory viruses. Serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are often considered correlate protection. However, detailed antibody profiles including characterization functions in different anatomic compartments poorly understood. Here we show that correlates severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenge systemic versus mucosal rhesus macaques. In serum, NAbs were the strongest and linked to spike-specific binding other extra-NAb create larger protective network. bronchiolar lavage (BAL), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) proved rather than NAbs. Within BAL, ADCP was immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA/secretory IgA, Fcγ-receptor antibodies. Our results support model which with mediate at sites.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Platform Comparison: Protective Efficacy against Lethal Marburg Virus Challenge in the Hamster Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8516 - 8516

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Marburg virus (MARV), a filovirus, was first identified in 1967 Marburg, Germany, and Belgrade, former Yugoslavia. Since then, MARV has caused sporadic outbreaks of human disease with high case fatality rates parts Africa, the largest outbreak occurring 2004/05 Angola. From 2021 to 2023, occurred Guinea, Ghana, New Tanzania, emphasizing expansion its endemic area into new geographical regions. There are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics targeting MARV, but several vaccine candidates have shown promise preclinical studies. We compared three platforms simultaneously by vaccinating hamsters either single dose an adenovirus-based (ChAdOx-1 MARV) vaccine, alphavirus replicon-based RNA (LION-MARV) recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based (VSV-MARV) all expressing glycoprotein as antigen. Lethal challenge hamster-adapted 4 weeks after vaccination resulted uniform protection VSV-MARV LION-MARV groups 83% ChAdOx-1 group. Assessment antigen-specific humoral response functionality revealed vaccine-platform-dependent differences, particularly Fc effector functions.

Language: Английский

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Compartment-Specific Antibody Correlates of Protection to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron in Macaques

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Antibodies represent a primary mediator of protection against respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Serum neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are often considered correlate protection. However, detailed antibody profiles including characterization functions in different anatomic compartments not well understood. Here we show that correlates SARS-CoV-2 challenge systemic versus mucosal rhesus macaques. In serum, were the strongest and linked to Spike-specific binding other extra-neutralizing create larger protective network. contrast, bronchiolar lavage (BAL), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) proved rather than NAbs. Within BAL, ADCP was IgG, IgA/secretory IgA, Fcγ-receptor antibodies. Our results support model which with mediate at sites. The correlation Fc functional responses BAL suggests these may be critical for Omicron mucosa.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to vaccination amplifies Fc-mediated humoral profiles in an age-dependent manner

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(9), P. 114684 - 114684

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Immunity acquired by vaccination following infection, termed hybrid immunity, has been shown to confer enhanced protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enhancing the breadth and potency of immune responses. Here, we assess Fc-mediated humoral profiles in immunity their association with age vaccine type. Participants are divided into three groups: infection only, (i.e., immunity). Using systems serology, profile responses spikes subdomains SARS-CoV-2 variants. We find that is characterized superior Fc receptor binding natural killer (NK) cell-, neutrophil-, complement-activating antibodies, which higher than what can be expected from sum infection. These differences between vaccine-induced more pronounced aged adults, especially for immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, IgG2, Fcγ receptor-binding antibodies. Our findings suggest strategies aim mimic should consider as an important modifier.

Language: Английский

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O papel da glicosilação de anticorpos na eficácia dos diagnósticos sorológicos: uma revisão bibliográfica

Caderno Pedagógico, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. e8578 - e8578

Published: Oct. 2, 2024

A complexidade da resposta imunológica envolve uma série de eventos moleculares intrincados, sendo a glicosilação anticorpos e interação com os receptores Fc componentes essenciais desse processo. investigação do papel desempenhado pela na eficácia imunológica, aliada à influência dos Fc, tem se destacado como área crucial estudo, especialmente no contexto desenvolvimento diagnósticos sorológicos. Nesse sentido, este estudo busca analisar o para Trata-se revisão bibliográfica em artigos selecionados por meio buscas site banco dados PubMed, entre anos 2023 2024.A desempenha um influenciando sua estabilidade, especificidade afinidade. Essa modificação molecular afeta anticorpo-antígeno, vital compreensão sistema imunológico. No sorológicos, impacta diretamente sensibilidade precisão desses testes. Avanços nesse entendimento podem resultar métodos mais confiáveis eficazes.

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