Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 129(10), P. 4022 - 4031

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

The manner in which white adipose tissue (WAT) expands and remodels directly impacts the risk of developing metabolic syndrome obesity. Preferential accumulation visceral WAT is associated with increased for insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous expansion protective. Moreover, pathologic remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, resistance. Healthy expansion, observed “metabolically healthy” obese, generally presence smaller more numerous adipocytes, along lower degrees inflammation fibrosis. Here, we highlight recent human rodent studies that support notion ability to recruit new fat cells through adipogenesis a critical determinant healthy distribution remodeling Furthermore, discuss advances our understanding identity tissue-resident progenitor populations made possible single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A better stem cell biology may lead novel strategies uncouple obesity from disease.

Language: Английский

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Single cell transcriptomics identifies a unique adipose lineage cell population that regulates bone marrow environment

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: April 14, 2020

Bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells are a heterogeneous cell population involved in bone homeostasis and diseases such as osteoporosis. While it is long postulated that they originate from stem cells, the true identity of progenitors their vivo bifurcated differentiation routes into osteoblasts adipocytes remain poorly understood. Here, by employing large scale single transcriptome analysis, we computationally defined at different stages delineated bi-lineage paths young, adult aging mice. One identified subpopulation unique type expresses adipocyte markers but contains no lipid droplets. As non-proliferative precursors for adipocytes, exist abundantly pericytes stromal form ubiquitous 3D network inside cavity. Functionally play critical roles maintaining vasculature suppressing formation. Therefore, name them adipogenic (MALPs) conclude newly component adipose tissue.

Language: Английский

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Plasticity of Epididymal Adipose Tissue in Response to Diet-Induced Obesity at Single-Nucleus Resolution

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(2), P. 437 - 453.e5

Published: Dec. 29, 2020

Language: Английский

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Adipogenesis: A Complex Interplay of Multiple Molecular Determinants and Pathways

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(12), P. 4283 - 4283

Published: June 16, 2020

The formation of adipocytes during embryogenesis has been largely understudied. However, preadipocytes appear to originate from multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells which migrate the mesoderm their anatomical localization. Most studies on adipocyte (adipogenesis) have used derived adult stem/stromal cells. Adipogenesis consists two phases, namely commitment and terminal differentiation. This review discusses role signalling pathways, epigenetic modifiers, transcription factors in preadipocyte differentiation into mature adipocytes, as well limitations our understanding these processes. To date, a limited number factors, genes pathways described regulate commitment. One reason could be that most adipogenesis already committed adipogenic lineage, are therefore not suitable for studying Conversely, over dozen molecular players including genes, regulators, microRNAs involved adipocytes; however, only peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma proven clinically relevant. A detailed how underpinning relate adipose tissue function provide new therapeutic approaches addressing obesity without compromising function.

Language: Английский

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Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: May 2, 2023

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on backbones amino acid side chains proteins and expand diversity proteins, which provides basis for emergence organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types protein modifications, such as most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain long-chain acylation redox irreversible have been described, inventory is still increasing. By changing conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter phenotypes biological processes cells. The homeostasis important human health. Abnormal may cause changes in properties loss functions, are closely related occurrence development various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, functions health addition, therapeutic prospects diseases by targeting associated enzymes also summarized. This work will deepen understanding promote discovery diagnostic prognostic markers drug targets

Language: Английский

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The Role of Adipose Tissue and Nutrition in the Regulation of Adiponectin

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(15), P. 2436 - 2436

Published: July 26, 2024

Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted adiponectin, predominant adipokine released by AT, glucose fatty acid metabolism. We explore regulatory mechanisms its physiological effects potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze impact various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve health. Our comprehensive provides insights into functions importance maintaining systemic homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Breast Adipose Tissue in Breast Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(16), P. 5760 - 5760

Published: Aug. 11, 2020

Adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ, with role in obesity and cancer. generally linked to excessive body fat, it well known that the female breast rich adipose tissue. Hence, one can wonder: what of why required? as an organ consists adipocytes, extracellular matrix (ECM) immune cells, significant dynamics changes throughout life span from puberty, pregnancy, lactation involution. In this review, we will discuss importance development its involvement happening during We focus on understanding biology tissue, overview various steps cancer progression. The interaction between surrounding cells vice-versa modifies tumor microenvironment favor Understanding mutual could potentially raise possibility overcoming mediated resistance therapies finding novel candidates target

Language: Английский

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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases

Progress in Lipid Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 101117 - 101117

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 reported to multi-pronged connections The activity PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by set cholesterol-based compounds oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, modulate several key processes homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, oxidation, etc.). are also cofactors lipid-responsive nuclear receptors transcription factors through which regulate metabolism homeostasis. activation often represents disruptive signal (lipid) metabolism, PARP-dependent changes pathophysiological the development hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic non-alcoholic liver disease, type II diabetes its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging skin pathologies, just name few. this synopsis we will review evidence supporting beneficial effects pharmacological inhibitors these diseases/pathologies propose repurposing already available for treatment various malignancies.

Language: Английский

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Quercetin as a protective agent for liver diseases: A comprehensive descriptive review of the molecular mechanism

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 4727 - 4747

Published: June 22, 2021

Quercetin is the major representative of flavonoid subgroup flavones, with good pharmacological activities for treatment liver diseases, including steatosis, fatty hepatitis, fibrosis, and cancer. It can significantly influence development diseases via multiple targets pathways antifat accumulation, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant activity, as well inhibition cellular apoptosis proliferation. Despite extensive research on understanding mechanism quercetin in there are still no targeted therapies available. Thus, we have comprehensively searched summarized different stages concluded that inhibited inflammation mainly through NF‐κB/TLR/NLRP3, reduced PI3K/Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress, mTOR activation autophagy, expression apoptotic factors associated diseases. In addition, showed mechanisms action at regulation PPAR, UCP, PLIN2‐related brown fat steatosis. The compound stromal ECM deposition fibrosis stage, affecting TGF1β, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), apoptosis. While final cancer inhibiting cell proliferation spread hTERT, MEK1/ERK1/2, Notch, Wnt/β‐catenin‐related signaling pathways. conclusion, an effective protectant. We hope to explore pathogenesis review, so provide more accurate theoretical basis further

Language: Английский

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PPARs-Orchestrated Metabolic Homeostasis in the Adipose Tissue

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 8974 - 8974

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

It has been more than three decades since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were first discovered. Many investigations have revealed the central regulators of PPARs in lipid and glucose homeostasis response to different nutrient conditions. attracted much attention due their ability improve metabolic syndromes, they also proposed as classical drug targets for treatment hyperlipidemia type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. In parallel, adipose tissue is known play a unique role pathogenesis insulin resistance syndromes its "safely" store lipids secrete cytokines that regulate whole-body metabolism. Adipose relies on complex subtle network transcription factors maintain normal physiological function, by coordinating various molecular events, among which distinctive indispensable roles adipocyte differentiation, metabolism, adipokine secretion, sensitivity. this review, we discuss characteristics with special emphasis isotypes biology.

Language: Английский

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