Anxiety, Depression, and the Microbiome: A Role for Gut Peptides

Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 36 - 59

Published: Nov. 13, 2017

Language: Английский

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Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(10), P. 2534 - 2534

Published: May 23, 2019

Nowadays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. However, safety profile with live still a matter debate. Main risks include: Cases systemic infections due to translocation, particularly in vulnerable patients and pediatric populations; acquisition antibiotic resistance genes; or interference gut colonization neonates. To avoid these risks, there an increasing interest non-viable microorganisms microbial cell extracts be used as probiotics, mainly heat-killed (including tyndallized) probiotic bacteria (lactic acid bifidobacteria). Heat-treated cells, cell-free supernatants, purified key components are able confer beneficial effects, immunomodulatory protection against enteropathogens, maintenance intestinal barrier integrity. At clinical level, products containing tyndallized strains have had role gastrointestinal diseases, including bloating infantile coli—in combination mucosal protectors—and diarrhea. Heat-inactivated could also management dermatological respiratory allergic diseases. The reviewed data indicate that their fractions advantages versus (mainly profile), positioning them interesting strategies for common prevalent conditions wide variety patients´ characteristics.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota influences anticancer immunosurveillance and general health

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 382 - 396

Published: April 10, 2018

Language: Английский

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Bifidobacteria and Their Molecular Communication with the Immune System

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 3, 2017

Bifidobacterium represents a genus within the phylum Actinobacteria which is one of major phyla in healthy intestinal tract humans. most abundant genera adults, but its predominance even more pronounced infants, especially during lactation, they can constitute majority total bacterial population. They are first pioneering colonizers early gut microbiota, and known to play important roles metabolism dietary components, otherwise indigestible upper parts intestine, maturation immune system. Bifidobacteria have been shown interact with human cells modulate specific pathways, involving innate adaptive processes. In this mini review, we provide an overview current knowledge on immunomodulatory properties bifidobacteria mechanisms molecular players underlying these processes, focusing corresponding implications for health. We deal vitro models suitable studying strain-specific activities. These include peripheral blood mononuclear T cell mediated responses, both effector regulatory as well modulation phenotype dendritic cells, among others. Furthermore, preclinical studies, mainly germ-free, gnotobiotic conventional murine models, clinical trials, also discussed. Finally, highlight evidence supporting effects bifidobacterial molecules (proteins peptides, exopolysaccharides, metabolites DNA), role maintaining homeostasis through cross-feeding mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 104074 - 104074

Published: July 3, 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which found in breast at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These the fourth most abundant component of human after water, lipids, lactose yet provide no direct nutritional value to infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles play infant development. act as prebiotics by promoting growth beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids critical for gut health. also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses can selectively reduce binding pathogenic viruses epithelium preventing emergence a disease. This review covers current knowledge related biology their associated impact on

Language: Английский

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Effect of Helicobacter pylori on gastrointestinal microbiota: a population-based study in Linqu, a high-risk area of gastric cancer

Gut, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(9), P. 1598 - 1607

Published: Dec. 19, 2019

Gastrointestinal microbiota may be involved in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore the possible microbial mechanisms carcinogenesis and potential dysbiosis arising from H. pylori infection.Deep sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA gene used investigate alterations paired biopsies stool samples 58 subjects with successful 57 failed anti-H. treatment, relative 49 negative subjects.In positive subjects, richness Shannon indexes increased significantly (both p<0.001) after eradication showed no difference those (p=0.493 for p=0.420 index). Differential taxa analysis identified 18 altered genera eradication. combination these into a Microbial Dysbiosis Index revealed that dysbiotic mucosa associated advanced lesions (chronic atrophic gastritis intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia) could reversed by Strong coexcluding interactions between Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Prevotella, Veillonella, Rothia were found only lesion patients, absent normal/superficial group. Changes faecal included Bifidobacterium more upregulated drug-resistant functional orthologs treatment.H. infection contributes carcinogenesis. Successful potentially restores similar status as uninfected individuals, shows beneficial effects on gut microbiota.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 34(7)

Published: June 21, 2018

Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, which characterized by the destruction of islet β cells in pancreas triggered genetic and environmental factors. In past decades, extensive familial genome‐wide association studies have revealed more than 50 risk loci genome. However, susceptibility cannot explain increased incidence T1D worldwide, very likely attributed growing impact factors, especially gut microbiome. Recently, role microbiome pathogenesis has been uncovered increasing evidence from both human subjects animal models, strongly indicating that might be a pivotal hub T1D‐triggering this review, we summarize current aetiological mechanism T1D. A better understanding may provide us with powerful prognostic therapeutic tools near future.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics and Preterm Infants

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(5), P. 664 - 680

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

ABSTRACT More than 10,000 preterm infants have participated in randomised controlled trials on probiotics worldwide, suggesting that general could reduce rates of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis, and mortality. Answers to relevant clinical questions as which strain use, at what dosage, how long supplement are, however, not available. On the other hand, an increasing number commercial products containing are available from sometimes suboptimal quality. Also, a large units around world routinely offering probiotic supplementation standard care despite lacking solid evidence. Our recent network meta‐analysis identified strains with greatest efficacy regarding outcomes for neonates. Efficacy reducing mortality morbidity was found only minority studied or combinations. In present position paper, we aim provide advice, specific might potentially be used should used. addition, address safety issues infants, who reduced immunological capacities occasional indwelling catheters. For example, quality reassurance product is essential, devoid transferable antibiotic resistance genes, local microbiologists able detect sepsis. Provided all met, there currently conditional recommendation (with low certainty evidence) either Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC53103 combination Bifidobacterium infantis Bb‐02, lactis Bb‐12, Streptococcus thermophilus TH‐4 order NEC rates.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal microbiota of intestinal polyps reveals putative biomarkers of colorectal cancer

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

The human intestine retains a complex microbial ecosystem, which performs crucial functions that impact on host health. Several studies have indicated intestinal dysbiosis may the establishment of life-threatening diseases such as colorectal cancer. An adenomatous polyp is result abnormal tissue growth, benign but considered to be associated with high risk developing cancer, based its grade dysplasia. Development diagnostic tools are surveying gut microbiota and aimed at early detection cancer represent highly desirable target. For this purpose, we performed pilot study in applied metataxonomic analysis 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach unveil composition communities polyps. Moreover, meta-analysis involving reconstructed polyps publicly available metagenomics datasets These analyses allowed identification taxa Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides Romboutsia, appear depleted cancerogenic mucosa well polyps, thus representing novel biomarkers tumor formation. Furthermore, an absolute quantification Fusubacterium nucleatum further compounded important role microorganism valuable putative biomarker for diagnosis

Language: Английский

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Infants born to mothers with IBD present with altered gut microbiome that transfers abnormalities of the adaptive immune system to germ-free mice

Gut, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 69(1), P. 42 - 51

Published: April 29, 2019

Background and aims Prenatal early life bacterial colonisation is thought to play a major role in shaping the immune system. Furthermore, accumulating evidence links exposures risk of developing IBD later life. We aimed assess effect maternal on composition microbiome during pregnancy offspring’s microbiome. Methods prospectively examined diversity taxonomy pregnant women with without their babies at multiple time points. evaluated diagnosis, mode delivery, antibiotic use feeding behaviour To effects IBD-associated infant microbiota enteric system, we inoculated germ-free mice (GFM) respective stool profiled adaptive innate cell populations murine intestines. Results Pregnant offspring presented lower altered compared control babies. Maternal was main predictor gut 7, 14, 30, 60 90 days Babies born mothers demonstrated enrichment Gammaproteobacteria depletion Bifidobacteria . Finally, GFM third trimester mother 90-day stools showed significantly reduced microbial fewer class-switched memory B cells regulatory T colon. Conclusion Aberrant persists alters abundance stool. The dysbiotic triggered abnormal imprinting intestinal system GFM.

Language: Английский

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