The impact of diabetes on periodontal diseases

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 82(1), P. 214 - 224

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

Abstract The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases is made more severe by diabetes, with the impact on disease process inversely proportional to level glycemic control. Although type 1 diabetes mellitus 2 have different etiologies, their bone not identical, they share many same complications. Studies in animals humans agree that both forms increase inflammatory events tissue, impair new formation, expression RANKL response bacterial challenge. High levels glucose, reactive oxygen species, advanced glycation end‐products are found periodontium diabetic individuals lead increased activation nuclear factor‐kappa B cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor interleukin‐1. animals, moreover, suggest there multiple cell types tissues affected including leukocytes, vascular cells, mesenchymal stem ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes. etiology involves host challenge which increases reduces coupled formation. In addition, also modifies oral microbiota render it pathogenic, demonstrated inflammation loss where bacteria transferred from donors germ‐free hosts compared transfer normoglycemic donors. This approach has advantage relying upon limited knowledge specific taxa determine pathogenicity, examines overall rather than presumed pathogenicity a few groups. Thus, animal studies provided insights into pathogenic mechanisms identify cause‐and‐effect relationships difficult perform human studies.

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila and Gut Immune System: A Good Friendship That Attenuates Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Obesity, and Diabetes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: July 7, 2022

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative anaerobic mucus-layer-degrading bacterium that colonizes the intestinal mucosa of humans and rodents. Metagenomic data have shown an inverse correlation between abundance A. diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, diabetes. Thus, in recent decades, potential this immunomodulatory probiotic for autoimmune chronic has been explored experimental models. Corroborating these human data, it reported slows down development progression diabetes, IBD mice. Consequently, clinical studies with obese diabetic patients are being performed, preliminary results very promising. Therefore, mini review highlights main findings regarding beneficial roles its action mechanisms diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: A comprehensive review

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 34(7)

Published: June 21, 2018

Summary Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, which characterized by the destruction of islet β cells in pancreas triggered genetic and environmental factors. In past decades, extensive familial genome‐wide association studies have revealed more than 50 risk loci genome. However, susceptibility cannot explain increased incidence T1D worldwide, very likely attributed growing impact factors, especially gut microbiome. Recently, role microbiome pathogenesis has been uncovered increasing evidence from both human subjects animal models, strongly indicating that might be a pivotal hub T1D‐triggering this review, we summarize current aetiological mechanism T1D. A better understanding may provide us with powerful prognostic therapeutic tools near future.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Microbiota and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Pancreatic Disorders

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 861 - 861

Published: April 23, 2024

The role of the intestinal microbiota in diagnosis and treatment pancreatic diseases is increasingly significant. Consequently, fecal transplantation (FMT) emerging as a promising therapeutic avenue for various disorders, including cancer, pancreatitis, type 1 diabetes (T1D). This innovative procedure entails transferring gut from healthy donors to individuals affected by ailments with potential restore balance alleviate associated symptoms. FMT represents pioneering approach improve patient outcomes diseases, offering tailored treatments customized individual microbiomes specific conditions. Recent research highlights benefits targeting personalized interventions disorders. However, comprehensive understanding intricate interplay between physiology warrants further investigation. necessity additional studies endeavors remains crucial, especially elucidating both adult pediatric cases pathological

Language: Английский

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Efficacy and safety of gut microbiota-based therapies in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 80 randomized controlled trials

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 13, 2024

Abstract Background Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggested that gut microbiota-based therapies may be effective in treating autoimmune diseases, but a systematic summary is lacking. Methods Pubmed, EMbase, Sinomed, and other databases were searched for RCTs related to the treatment of diseases with probiotics from inception June 2022. RevMan 5.4 software was used meta-analysis after 2 investigators independently screened literature, extracted data, assessed risk bias included studies. Results A total 80 14 types disease [celiac sprue, SLE, lupus nephritis (LN), RA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), spondyloarthritis, psoriasis, fibromyalgia syndrome, MS, systemic sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), oral lichen planus (OLP), Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis] included. The results showed improve symptoms and/or inflammatory factor celiac SLE LN, JIA, PSS, colitis. However, not spondyloarthritis RA. Gut relieve pain effect on impact questionnaire score significant. HbA1c T1DM, its insulin requirement does seem These did increase incidence adverse events. Conclusions several (celiac colitis).

Language: Английский

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Probiotics and Prebiotics for the Amelioration of Type 1 Diabetes: Present and Future Perspectives

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 67 - 67

Published: March 2, 2019

Type 1-diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta (β)-cells. Genetic and environmental interactions play important role in immune system malfunction priming aggressive adaptive response against β-cells. The microbes inhabiting the human intestine closely interact with enteric mucosal system. Gut microbiota colonization maturation occur parallel during early years life; hence, perturbations gut can impair functions cells vice-versa. Abnormal (dysbiosis) are often detected T1D subjects, particularly those diagnosed as multiple-autoantibody-positive a result adverse immunoresponse. pathogenesis involves activation self-reactive T-cells, resulting β-cells CD8+ T-lymphocytes. It also becoming clear that T-cells. amelioration dysbiosis using specific probiotics prebiotics has been found to be associated decline (with diminished inflammation) integrity (through increased expression tight-junction proteins intestinal epithelium). This review discusses potential between mechanisms involved progression contemplates effects prospects modulators, including probiotic prebiotic interventions, pathology, both animal models.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiome of horses: current research on equine enteral microbiota and future perspectives

Animal Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2019

Abstract Understanding the complex interactions of microbial communities including bacteria, archaea, parasites, viruses and fungi gastrointestinal tract (GIT) associated with states either health or disease is still an expanding research field in both, human veterinary medicine. GIT disorders their consequences are among most important diseases domesticated Equidae, but current gaps knowledge hinder adequate progress respect to prevention microbiome-based interventions. Current literature on enteral microbiomes mirrors a vast data imbalance, only few studies tackling eukaryotes compared those addressing bacterial components. Until recently, culture-dependent methods were used for identification description compositional changes microorganisms, limiting outcome cultivatable bacteria only. Today, next generation sequencing technologies provide access entirety genes (microbiome) microorganisms equine mass uncultured microbiota, “microbial dark matter”. This review illustrates commonly microbiome analysis horses summarizes key findings reached so far. Moreover, reasonable possibilities combine different explorative techniques described. As future perspective, expansion concerning beneficial compositions within creates novel early disorder diagnostics as well innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition, shotgun metagenomic enables tracking certain beyond species barriers: transmission events pathogens opportunists harboring antibiotic resistance factors between also humans will reach new levels depth strain-level distinctions.

Language: Английский

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Ocular Microbiota and Intraocular Inflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Dec. 23, 2020

The term ocular microbiota refers to all types of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms present on or in the eye. surface is continuously exposed environment harbors various commensals. Commensal microbes have been demonstrated regulate host metabolism, development immune system, defense against pathogen invasion. An unbalanced could lead microbial overgrowth cause local systemic inflammation. specific antigens that irritate deleterious responses inflammatory eye diseases remain obscure, while recent evidence implies a etiology these illnesses. purpose this review provide an overview literature role several diseases. In addition, will also discuss interaction between pathogens factors involved intraocular inflammation, evaluate therapeutic potential targeting treat

Language: Английский

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Adjuvant Probiotics of Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CP-9 Attenuate Glycemic Levels and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 1, 2022

Introduction Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells. Previous study has discovered that probiotic strains residing in the gut play essential roles host immune regulation. However, few clinical results demonstrated would actually benefit attenuating glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) along with inflammatory cytokine levels T1DM patients and analyzed their microbiota profile at same time. In this trial, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy probiotics on HbA1c to determine an alternative administration mode for medication. The changed will be measured next-generation sequencing (NGS). Research Design Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed China Medical University Hospital. between 6 18 years age were enrolled. 27 administered regular insulin therapy plus capsules containing Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salicinius AP-32, L. johnsonii MH-68, Bifidobacterium animalis lactis CP-9 daily months, 29 without extra supplement as placebo group. variations fasting blood glucose these analyzed. addition, serum cytokines anti-inflammatory assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients’ stool all subjects NGS analysis. Results data showed elevated populations animalis, Akkermansia muciniphila who taking probiotics. Patients significantly reduced compared before-intervention levels. also improved after concentrations IL-8, IL-17, MIP-1β, RANTES, TNF-α associated increased TGF-β1 expression intervention. persistence effect glycemic control immunomodulation observed even 3 months discontinuation Conclusions Here, found conventional supplementation attenuated symptoms than receiving treatment only. Probiotics revealed better outcome stabilizing reducing through beneficial regulation cytokines. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier NCT03880760.

Language: Английский

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Impact of type 1 diabetes on the composition and functional potential of gut microbiome in children and adolescents: possible mechanisms, current knowledge, and challenges

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Diabetes prevalence and incidence among youth have been increasing globally. Type 1 (T1D) in children or adolescents accounts for 5-10% of all diagnosed cases diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that genetic factors, especially genes the human leukocyte antigen region, are not only factors involved predisposition an individual to T1D. The pathogenesis development T1D is driven by both environmental factors. Studies indicate gut microbiota one potential influencers pathophysiology TID. Gut mediates diabetes altering intestinal permeability, modifying immunity, molecular mimicry. microbial diversity, taxonomic profile, functional microbes significantly altered individuals with as compared healthy individuals. However, studies still needed identify specific metabolites This will help microbiome-based therapeutic strategies prevention treatment present review article highlights following: (i) current knowledge gaps understanding association between microbiome specifically focusing on composition adolescents, (ii) possible mechanisms microbiome-mediated pathogenesis, (iii) challenges future direction this field.Abbreviations: B/F ratio: Bacteroidetes Firmicutes ratio; F/B FDR: First-degree relatives; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; HLA: leucocyte antigen; IL: interleukin; IFN- γ: interferon-γ; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; mTOR: mammalian target rapamycin; PICRUSt: Phylogenetic Investigation Communities Reconstruction Unobserved States; SCFA: short chain fatty acids; T1D: diabetes; T2D: 2 TJ: tight junction; Tregs: regulatory T cells.

Language: Английский

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