Symbiotic nutrient cycling enables the long-term survival of Aiptasia in the absence of heterotrophic food sources DOI Creative Commons
Nils Rädecker, Anders Meibom

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 11, 2022

Abstract Phototrophic Cnidaria are mixotrophic organisms that can complement their heterotrophic diet with nutrients assimilated by algal endosymbionts. Metabolic models suggest the translocation of photosynthates and derivatives from algae may be sufficient to cover metabolic energy demands host. However, importance heterotrophy nutritional budget these holobionts remains unclear. Here, we report on long-term survival photosymbiotic anemone Aiptasia in absence food sources. Following one year starvation, anemones remained fully viable but showed an 85 % reduction biomass compared regularly fed counterparts. This shrinking was accompanied a host protein content density, indicative severe nitrogen limitation. Nonetheless, isotopic labeling experiments combined NanoSIMS imaging revealed contribution algal-derived metabolism unaffected due increase photosynthesis more efficient carbon translocation. Taken together, our results that, one- timescale, feeding is not essential fulfilling requirements holobiont. But, while symbiotic nutrient cycling effectively retains holobiont over long time scales, data critical source required for growth under oligotrophic conditions.

Language: Английский

Frenemies on the reef? Resolving the coral–Endozoicomonas association DOI Open Access
Claudia Pogoreutz, Maren Ziegler

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 422 - 434

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling regulates the cnidarian–algal symbiosis DOI Creative Commons
Nils Rädecker, Stéphane Escrig, Jorge E. Spangenberg

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Efficient nutrient recycling underpins the ecological success of cnidarian-algal symbioses in oligotrophic waters. In these symbioses, nitrogen limitation restricts growth algal endosymbionts hospite and stimulates their release photosynthates to cnidarian host. However, mechanisms controlling availability role symbiosis regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we studied metabolic symbiotic cycling sea anemone Aiptasia by experimentally altering labile carbon a series experiments. Combining

Language: Английский

Citations

27
Exploring different methods of Exaiptasia diaphana infection to follow Vibrio parahaemolyticus dissemination in the whole animal DOI Creative Commons

Mélanie Billaud,

Dorota Czerucka

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

An increase in wastewater rejection and rising seawater temperature are the two main causes of spreading pathogenic bacteria ocean that present a risk to health marine organisms, i.e., corals. Deciphering infectious mechanism is interest better disease management. The quantity infecting as well method pathogen administration an important parameter studying host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we have tested models infection (bathing or injection) Exaiptasia diaphana (E. diaphana) with clinically isolated strain Vibrio parahaemolyticus expressing constitutively Green Fluorescent Protein (Vp-GFP). We followed Vp-GFP dissemination over time confocal microscopy at 6, 24, 30 h. During early infection, were observed adhering ectoderm both methods. later stages lost from appeared gastroderm. Compared bathing, injection was supposed provide control introduced inside animal. However, induced stress response contraction thus making it impossible number bacteria. conclusion, recommended using bathing technique closer route found environment and, moreover, did not cause injury also demonstrated, by Vp-GFP, could track different tissues E. quantify them whole animal, opening technical approach for developing new strategies fight disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Microbial-Based Therapies to Restore and Rehabilitate Disrupted Coral Health DOI
Melanie Dörr, Adam R. Barno, Helena D. M. Villela

et al.

Coral reefs of the world, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 181 - 195

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The Evolution, Assembly, and Dynamics of Marine Holobionts DOI Creative Commons
Raúl A. González‐Pech, Yifan Li, Vanessa Garcia

et al.

Annual Review of Marine Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 443 - 466

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

The holobiont concept (i.e., multiple living beings in close symbiosis with one another and functioning as a unit) is revolutionizing our understanding of biology, especially marine systems. earliest was likely syntrophic partnership at least two prokaryotic members. Since then, has enabled organisms to conquer all ocean habitats through the formation holobionts wide spectrum complexities. However, most scientific inquiries have focused on isolated their adaptations specific environments. In this review, we attempt illustrate why perspective-specifically, study how numerous form discrete ecological unit symbiosis-will be more impactful strategy advance ecology evolution life. We argue that approach instrumental addressing threats biodiversity posed by current global environmental crisis.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Starvation differentially affects gene expression, immunity and pathogen susceptibility across symbiotic states in a model cnidarian DOI Open Access
Maria Valadez Ingersoll, Pablo J. Aguirre Carrión,

Caoimhe A. Bodnar

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2017)

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Mutualistic symbioses between cnidarians and photosynthetic algae are modulated by complex interactions host immunity environmental conditions. Here, we investigate how symbiosis interacts with food limitation to influence gene expression stress response programming in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (Aiptasia). Transcriptomic responses starvation were similar symbiotic aposymbiotic Aiptasia; however, stronger. Starved Aiptasia of both states exhibited increased protein levels immune-related transcription factor NF-κB, its associated pathways, putative target genes. However, this starvation-induced increase NF-κB correlated only anemones. Furthermore, had opposite effects on susceptibility pathogen oxidative challenges, suggesting distinct energetic priorities under scarce Finally, when compared those a facultative coral non-symbiotic anemone, ‘defence’ similarly regulated coral, but not anemone. This pattern suggests that capacity for influences immune cnidarians. In summary, certain pathways—including NF-κB—does necessarily predict pathogens, highlighting complexities cnidarian varying demands.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Photosynthesis and other factors affecting the establishment and maintenance of cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis DOI Open Access
Cawa Tran, Gabriel R. Rosenfield, Phillip A. Cleves

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1901)

Published: March 18, 2024

Coral growth depends on the partnership between animal hosts and their intracellular, photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts. In this study, we used sea anemone Aiptasia , a laboratory model for coral biology, to investigate poorly understood mechanisms that mediate symbiosis establishment maintenance. We found initial colonization of both adult polyps larvae by compatible algal strain was more effective when algae were able photosynthesize long-term maintenance also depended photosynthesis. dark, cells taken up into host gastrodermal not rapidly expelled, but they seemed unable reproduce thus gradually lost. When confocal microscopy examine interaction with two strains cannot establish stable symbioses it appeared pre- post-phagocytosis involved. With one strain, entered gastric cavity be completely excluded from cells. other small numbers proliferate there slowly lost upon further incubation. asked if exclusion either incompatible could result simply cells' being too large accommodate. However, size distributions overlapped extensively. Moreover, examination macerates confirmed earlier reports individual expand accommodate multiple This article is part theme issue ‘Sculpting microbiome: how factors determine respond microbial colonization’.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Marine diseases and the Anthropocene: Understanding microbial pathogenesis in a rapidly changing world DOI Creative Commons
Jennifer Hudson, Suhelen Egan

Microbial Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Healthy marine ecosystems are paramount for Earth's biodiversity and key to sustaining the global economy human health. The effects of anthropogenic activity represent a pervasive threat productivity ecosystems, with intensifying environmental stressors such as climate change pollution driving occurrence severity microbial diseases that can devastate jeopardise food security. Despite potentially catastrophic outcomes diseases, our understanding host‐pathogen interactions remains an understudied aspect both microbiology research, especially when compared depth information available agricultural systems. Here, we identify three avenues research in which advance disease context change, make positive steps towards safeguarding communities future generations.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
The reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis: a new model system for coral symbiosis research DOI Creative Commons
Giulia Puntin, Jamie Craggs, Róisín Hayden

et al.

Coral Reefs, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 239 - 252

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Abstract Reef-building corals owe their evolutionary success to symbiosis with unicellular algae (Symbiodiniaceae). However, increasingly frequent heat waves lead coral mass-bleaching events and pose a serious threat the survival of reef ecosystems. Despite significant efforts, mechanistic understanding coral–algal functioning, what leads its breakdown can prevent it, remains incomplete. The main obstacles are low amenability experimental handling and, owing obligatory nature, difficulties manipulating association. Indeed, many studies on symbiotic partnership conducted other cnidarian model organisms results may therefore not be fully transferable tropical reef-building corals. Here, we identify stony species Galaxea fascicularis as novel candidate system. Individual polyps this separated, enabling highly replicated genotype studies, well suited investigation they easily effectively rid algal symbionts (bleached). We show that bleached adult individuals reestablish non-native symbionts, report completion gametogenic cycle ex situ , successful spawning in aquaria over multiple years. These achievements help overcome several major limitations direct research highlight potential G. an important new system for investigations functioning manipulation.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Symbiosis modulates gene expression of symbionts, but not coral hosts, under thermal challenge DOI
Hannah E. Aichelman, Alexa K. Huzar, Daniel M. Wuitchik

et al.

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 33(8)

Published: March 15, 2024

Abstract Increasing ocean temperatures are causing dysbiosis between coral hosts and their symbionts. Previous work suggests that host gene expression responds more strongly to environmental stress compared intracellular symbionts; however, the causes consequences of this phenomenon remain untested. We hypothesized symbionts less responsive because modulate symbiont environments buffer stress. To test hypothesis, we leveraged facultative symbiosis scleractinian Oculina arbuscula its Breviolum psygmophilum characterize responses both symbiotic partners in ex hospite under thermal challenges. responses, aposymbiotic O . were exposed three treatments: (1) control (18°C), (2) heat (32°C), (3) cold (6°C). This experiment was replicated with B cultured from responses. Both challenges elicited classic (ESRs) regardless state, responding challenge. Hosts also exhibited stronger than In down‐regulated ontology pathways associated photosynthesis challenge; greater plasticity differential genes ESRs. Taken together, these findings suggest may outline future needed confirm hypothesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

2