Diet strategies for promoting healthy aging and longevity: An epidemiological perspective

Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 295(4), P. 508 - 531

Published: Oct. 23, 2023

Abstract In recent decades, global life expectancies have risen significantly, accompanied by a marked increase in chronic diseases and population aging. This narrative review aims to summarize findings on the dietary factors influencing longevity, primarily from large cohort studies. First, maintaining healthy weight throughout is pivotal for aging mirroring benefits of lifelong, moderate calorie restriction today's obesogenic food environment. Second, specific types or sources fat, protein, carbohydrates are more important disease risk mortality than their quantity. Third, some traditional diets (e.g., Mediterranean, Nordic, Okinawa) contemporary patterns, such as plant‐based diet index, DASH (dietary approaches stop hypertension) diet, alternate eating been associated with lower longevity. These patterns share many common components predominance nutrient‐rich plant foods; limited red processed meats; culinary herbs spices prevalent cuisines) while embracing distinct elements different cultures. Fourth, combining other lifestyle could extend disease‐free 8–10 years. While adhering core principles diets, it crucial adapt recommendations individual preferences cultures well nutritional needs populations. Public health strategies should aim create healthier environment where nutritious options readily accessible, especially public institutions care facilities elderly. Although further mechanistic studies human trials needed better understand molecular effects aging, there pressing need establish maintain long‐term cohorts studying culturally diverse

Language: Английский

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Obesity

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177(5), P. ITC65 - ITC80

Published: May 1, 2024

Obesity is a common condition and major cause of morbidity mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians employ to identify, prevent, treat obesity, including best practices diagnose counsel patients, assess address burden weight-related disease stigma, secondary causes gain, help patients set individualized realistic goals an effective plan. Effective treatments include lifestyle modification adjunctive therapies such as antiobesity medications metabolic bariatric surgery.

Language: Английский

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Expert consensus on nutrition and lower-carbohydrate diets: An evidence- and equity-based approach to dietary guidance

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

There is a substantial body of clinical evidence supporting the beneficial effects lower-carbohydrate dietary patterns on multiple established risk factors associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases in adult populations. Nutrition health researchers, practitioners, stakeholders gathered for, “The Scientific Forum Nutrition, Wellness, Lower-Carbohydrate Diets: An Evidence- Equity-Based Approach to Dietary Guidance” discuss base around diets, outcomes, guidance. Consensus statements were agreed upon identify current areas scientific agreement spotlight gaps research, education, practice help define prioritize future pathways. Given considering that most American adults are living at least one nutrition-related chronic disease, there was consensus including pattern as part Guidelines for Americans could promote equity among general population.

Language: Английский

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Improving cardiometabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in northeast Arnhem Land: single arm trial of a co‐designed dietary and lifestyle program

The Medical Journal of Australia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of a 4‐month dietary and lifestyle program co‐designed led by Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander people on weight metabolic markers, diet, physical activity in overweight obese adults remote Indigenous community. Study design Single arm, pre–post intervention study. Setting, participants Adult residents (18–65 years) Northern Territory community with body mass index (BMI) values at least 25 kg/m 2 or waist circumferences exceeding 94 cm (men) 80 (women). Intervention Hope for Health, culturally sensitive supporting self‐managed health improvement based change, 1 August to 30 November 2022. Main outcome measures Weight loss 5%; changes BMI, circumference, other markers (blood pressure, biomarkers inflammation), activity; participant perceptions program. Results We assessed outcomes 55 who completed assessments both baseline end (mean age, 42.5 years [standard deviation, 10.1 years]; 36 women [65%]). Forty lost 15 gained weight; overall mean was 1.5 kg (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–2.4 kg), ten (18%; 95% CI, 9–31%) achieved 5% reduction. The change BMI (53 participants) –0.60 –0.93 –0.27 ), circumference –3.2 –4.7 –1.7 cm), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (37 –0.28 mmol/L –0.47 –0.08 mmol/L); relative decline HbA 1c geometric (50 11% 6–15%). intake breads cereals (median –1.5 [95% –2.0 –1.0] serves/day) sugar‐sweetened beverages (–0.6 –1.4 –0.1] declined; amount moderate vigorous increased median 103 min/day 74–136 min/day; 19 participants). focus integrating healthy bodies networks kin, governance, vibrant language ceremony, environment were seen as central its value benefit. Conclusions Community appreciation improvements cardiometabolic risk factors are encouraging, providing an example sensitive, initiative reducing prevalence chronic disease areas. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000174785; prospective: February 2022).

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal Relationship between the Percentage of Energy Intake from Macronutrients and Overweight/Obesity among Chinese Adults from 1991 to 2018

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 666 - 666

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

To investigate the prospective relationship between macronutrient intake and overweight/obesity, data were collected in China Health Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2018. Adults who participated at least two waves of survey not obese baseline selected as study subjects. A total 14,531 subjects finally included with complete data. Overweight/obesity was defined a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24.0 kg/m2. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) used analyze percentage energy macronutrients BMI overweight/obesity. percentages protein fat showed an increasing trend (p < 0.01), carbohydrate decreasing 0.01) among Chinese adults Adjusting for covariates, positively correlated BMI, while carbohydrates negatively BMI. non-high-quality polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) In contrast, monounsaturated (MUFA) high-quality short, fat, protein, saturated (SFA), PUFA risk obesity, whereas higher carbohydrate, MUFA, associated lower obesity. Obesity can be effectively prevented by appropriately adjusting proportion three major macronutrients.

Language: Английский

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Types of dietary sugars and carbohydrates, cardiometabolic risk factors, and risk of diabetes: a cohort study from the general Danish population

Nutrition Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The role of carbohydrates in diabetes risk is particular interest due to conflicting results. This study aims examine the prospective association between types dietary (fiber, starch, total sugar, glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, and added sugar) diabetes. Further, this examines cross-sectional associations these nutrients cardiometabolic factors. Danish Health Examination Survey (2007-2008) investigated 76,484 Danes a representative sample using online questionnaires. Dietary information food frequency questionnaire was obtained from 42,836 participants. Information on incident cases National Diabetes Register. Cox proportional hazard models were used estimate Hazard Ratios (95% CI). Multiple linear regression analyses assess carbohydrate factors measured subsample 12,977 During median follow-up 4.9 years, 970 participants developed A higher consumption but lower glucose associated with In subgroup analyses, only significant among individuals other factors, such as older age, obesity, low fiber consumption, sedentary behavior, smoking status, hypertension. Participants intake tend have healthier anthropometric parameters compared those intake. Our findings suggest that fructose metabolic while risk.

Language: Английский

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Dietary carbohydrate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: a 16-year prospective cohort study

Science China Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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A new Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid for children and youth: a critical lifestyle tool for preventing obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases in a sustainable context

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100381 - 100381

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Cardiovascular risk factors begin in childhood and track into adulthood, increasing the possibility of impaired cardiometabolic health. Adopting healthy dietary patterns can help curb obesity, a worrisome epidemic problem at present. In era personalized nutrition, recommendations should be adapted to different stages life, including children (older than 3 years) adolescents. Hereby, we present an updated version Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid addressed adolescents, wihich may used as prevention tool by health professionals, teachers, stakeholders. This pyramid arises from consensus position between participants forum on Food Cultures with international experts. During this meeting, after reviewing all literature published, was reached new Medieterranean for kids details such labels pyramid, foods, servings, type lifestyle habits. All components are supported most recent scientifically sound research based upon top-level evidence nutritional sciences. Fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts, wholegrains, EVOO continue basis but importance adequate intake fish, dairy products, meat during these particular ages, when body brain development occurs, is also considered. The promotion physical activity, sleep good emotional emphasized, well consumption seasonal local overall sustainability. Improving habits early life increase adulthood reduce future incidence non-communicable chronic diseases. Diet its graphic representation health-fostering not only adults children, entire planet because it promotes diversity species, respect earth, economy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED: Not applicable STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A wholegrain cereals, extra-virgin olive oil crucial part emphasized.

Language: Английский

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Association and substitution analyses of dietary sugars, starch and fiber for indices of body fat and cardiometabolic risk– a NoHoW sub-study

European Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 64(2)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

To examine the associations and substitutions of dietary sugars [extrinsic (free) or intrinsic (non-free)] as well starch fiber intakes for indices body fat cardiometabolic health. Dietary intake was assessed at multiple times using multi-day 24-hour recalls over 18-months (body %, waist circumference, BMI, weight change) (n = 1066) baseline 12 months outcomes (LDL, HDL, HbA1c) 736). Bayesian modeling applied to analyze probabilistic impact carbohydrate components credible intervals association substitution analyses with repeated measures random effects modeling. A higher significantly associated BMI circumference (WC) (all CrI > 0). Conversely, sugar were linked lower indices, while free showed no association. 20 g (CrI: -4.2; -1.0%), -1.8; -0.4) WC -1.0 cm), substituting resulted in fat, change. Replacing HDL-C -0.0; 0.3) LDL-C -0.6; 0.1). a HbA1c level 0.0;0.2). These results underscore importance distinguishing between versus extrinsic highlight potential benefits increasing reducing better management

Language: Английский

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Relationship between dietary intake and growth and development in Chinese pupils

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Background A nutritional diet is essential for children’s growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary intake development of pupils provide more specific recommendations their healthy growth. Methods cross-sectional included 592 pupils, standardized questionnaires were used collect information on students’ sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits intake. Growth assessment indicators measured according standard protocols. The multivariate generalized linear regression models adjusted covariates association pupils. Results model showed that standing long jump all ( β = −6.735, 95% CI : −12.064, −1.406) body fat rate −2.650, −4.794, −0.507), weight −1.283, −2.286, −0.280) chest circumference −1.456, −2.789, −0.123) boys negatively correlated with diversity score. Among meat was positively 0.420, 0.119, 0.721) jump( −1.991, −3.902, −0.080); milk waist 0.470, 0.007, 0.932); soybean −0.583, −1.125, −0.042), −0.262, −0.517, −0.006), −0.607, −1.050, −0.164); vegetable height −0.290, −0.496, −0.084), stature-sitting index p &lt; 0.05). Certain associations retained significance even after stratified analysis based gender frequency Conclusion Dietary score respective food groups such as meat, milk, coarse grain, will impact indicators, requiring purposefully controlled

Language: Английский

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