Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of birth in England: national cohort study

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 225(5), P. 522.e1 - 522.e11

Published: May 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Ethnicity, household composition and COVID-19 mortality: a national linked data study

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 114(4), P. 182 - 211

Published: March 24, 2021

Objective To estimate the proportion of ethnic inequalities explained by living in a multi-generational household. Design Causal mediation analysis. Setting Retrospective data from 2011 Census linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (2017-2019) and death registration (up 30 November 2020). Participants Adults aged 65 years or over private households England 2 March 2020 until (n=10,078,568). Main outcome measures Hazard ratios were estimated for COVID-19 people household compared with another older adult, adjusting geographic factors, socioeconomic characteristics pre-pandemic health. Results Living was associated an increased risk death. After confounding hazard dependent children 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–1.30) 1.21 CI 1.06–1.38) elderly men women. The without 1.07 1.01–1.13) 1.07–1.25) about 11% elevated among women South Asian background, but very little other minority groups. Conclusion Elderly adults younger are at mortality, this is contributing factor excess experienced White Relevant public health interventions should be directed communities where such highly prevalent.

Language: Английский

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Exposures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in France: A nationwide online case-control study

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7, P. 100148 - 100148

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Association between living with children and outcomes from covid-19: OpenSAFELY cohort study of 12 million adults in England

BMJ, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. n628 - n628

Published: March 18, 2021

Abstract Objective To investigate whether risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and outcomes disease 2019 (covid-19) differed between adults living without children during the first two waves UK pandemic. Design Population based cohort study, on behalf NHS England. Setting Primary care data pseudonymously linked hospital intensive admissions death records from England, wave 1 (1 February to 31 August 2020) September 18 December 2020). Participants Two cohorts (18 years over) registered at a general practice 2020 2020. Main outcome measures Adjusted hazard ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection, covid-19 related admission or care, covid-19, by presence in household. Results Among 9 334 392 aged 65 under, 1, was not associated materially increased risks recorded admission, covid-19. In 2, among any age an (hazard ratio 1.06 (95% confidence interval 1.05 1.08) 0-11 years; 1.22 (1.20 1.24) 12-18 years) (1.18 (1.06 1.31) 0-11; 1.26 (1.12 1.40) 12-18). Living reduced both non-covid-19 causes waves; also lower dying causes. For under absolute having 40-60 per 10 000 people, 810 850 870, increase number 1-5 160 161 165. 160-190 infections 2-6 admissions. Conclusions contrast evidence existed reported 2. However, this did translate into mortality, increases were small.

Language: Английский

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A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of the role of schools in the SARS-CoV-2 second wave in Italy

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100092 - 100092

Published: March 26, 2021

During COVID-19 pandemic, school closure has been mandated in analogy to its effect against influenza, but it is unclear whether schools are early amplifiers.We performed a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study Italy during the second wave (from September 30, 2020 until at least February 28, 2021). We used databases from Italian Ministry of Education, Veneto region systems SARS-CoV-2 cases notification schools' secondary tracing compare incidence students/school staff general population across age groups. Number tests, infections by type index case ratio cases/ tests per were estimated using an adjusted multivariable generalized linear regression model. Regional reproduction numbers Rt Civil Protection daily data with method posterior distribution Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm.SARS-CoV-2 among students was lower than population. Secondary <1%, clusters ≥2 occurred 5-7% analysed schools. Incidence teachers comparable similar (P = 0.23). rare, occurring more frequently when teacher student (37% vs. 10%, P 0.007). Before around date opening Veneto, grew maximally 20-29- 45-49-years old individuals, not students. The lag between dates regions increase regional uniform. Finally, closures two where they implemented before other measures did affect decrease.This analysis does support role for as driver Italy, large European country high incidence.Fondazione MITE.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and children

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6611), P. 1144 - 1149

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

There has been substantial research on adult COVID-19 and how to treat it. But do severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections afflict children? The pandemic yielded many surprises, not least that children generally develop less disease than older adults, which is unusual for a disease. However, some can serious complications from COVID-19, such as multisystem inflammatory in (MIS-C) Long Covid, even after mild or asymptomatic COVID-19. Why this occurs others an important question. Moreover, when contract understanding their role transmission, especially schools at home, crucial ensuring effective mitigation measures. Therefore, addition nonpharmaceutical interventions, improved ventilation, there strong case vaccinate so reduce possible long-term effects infection decrease transmission. questions remain about whether vaccination might skew immune responses variants the long term. As experts discuss below, more being learned these issues, but much needed understand of children.

Language: Английский

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Non-occupational and occupational factors associated with specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among hospital workers – A multicentre cross-sectional study

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 1336 - 1344

Published: May 19, 2021

Protecting healthcare workers (HCWs) from coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is critical to preserve the functioning of systems. We therefore assessed seroprevalence and identified risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositivity in this population.Between 22 June 15 August 2020, HCWs institutions northern/eastern Switzerland were screened SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. recorded baseline characteristics, non-occupational occupational factors. used pairwise tests associations multivariable logistic regression identify associated with seropositivity.Among 4664 23 facilities, 139 (3%) seropositive. Non-occupational exposures independently contact a COVID-19-positive household (adjusted OR 59, 95% CI 33-106), stay COVID-19 hotspot (aOR 2.3, 1.2-4.2) male sex 1.9, 1.1-3.1). Blood group 0 vs. non-0 0.5, 0.3-0.8), active smoking 0.4, 0.2-0.7), living children <12 years 0.3, 0.2-0.6) being physician 0.2, 0.1-0.5) decreased risk. Other close patients 2.7, 1.4-5.4), exposure co-workers 1.1-2.9), poor knowledge standard hygiene precautions 1.2-2.9) frequent visits hospital canteen 1.4-3.8).Living households showed strongest association seropositivity. several potentially modifiable work-related factors, which might allow mitigation among HCWs. The lower those children, even after correction multiple confounders, remarkable merits further study.

Language: Английский

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Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Children in School and Day Care in Montreal, Canada

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. e2135975 - e2135975

Published: Nov. 23, 2021

Quebec prioritized in-person learning after the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic, with school closures being implemented temporarily in selected schools or hot-spot areas. Quebec's decision to keep most open was controversial, especially Montreal, which epicenter Canada's and second waves; therefore, understanding extent children were infected SARS-CoV-2 provides important information for decisions about closures.To estimate seroprevalence antibodies teenagers 4 neighborhoods Canada.This cohort study (the Enfants et COVID-19: Étude de séroprévalence [EnCORE] study) enrolled a convenience sample aged 2 17 years between October 22, 2020, March 2021, Canada.Potential exposure SARS-CoV-2.The main outcome antibodies, collected using dried blood spots (DBSs) analyzed research-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Parents also completed an online questionnaire that included questions on self-reported symptoms tests, along sociodemographic questions.This 1632 participants who provided DBS from 30 day cares, 22 primary schools, 11 secondary schools. The mean (SD) age 9.0 (4.4) years; 801 (49%) female individuals, 354 (22%) 725 (44%) 553 (34%) Most parents had at least bachelor's degree (1228 [75%]), 210 (13%) self-identified as racial ethnic minority. 5.8% (95% CI, 4.6%-7.0%) but increased over time 3.2% 0.7%-5.8%) November 2020 8.4% 4.4%-12.4%) April 2021. Of 95 positive antibody results, 78 (82%) not tested negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, all experienced mild (49 [52%]) no clinical (46 [48%]). belonging minority group more likely be seropositive compared White (adjusted ratio, 1.9; 95% 1.1-2.6).These results provide benchmark status Canadian children. findings suggest there transmission occurring what detected by RT-PCR, although few symptoms. It will continue monitoring serological children, particularly context new variants concern absence mass vaccination campaigns targeting young

Language: Английский

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Sharing a household with children and risk of COVID-19: a study of over 300 000 adults living in healthcare worker households in Scotland

Archives of Disease in Childhood, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 106(12), P. 1212 - 1217

Published: March 18, 2021

Objective Children are relatively protected from COVID-19, due to a range of potential mechanisms. We investigated if contact with children also affords adults degree protection COVID-19. Design Cohort study based on linked administrative data. Setting Scotland. Study population All National Health Service Scotland healthcare workers and their household contacts as March 2020. Main exposure Number young (0–11 years) living in the participant’s household. outcomes COVID-19 requiring hospitalisation, any (any positive test for SARS-CoV-2) aged ≥18 years between 1 12 October Results 241 266, 41 198, 23 783 3850 shared 0, 1, 2 3 or more children, respectively. Over period, risk hospitalisation was reduced progressively increasing numbers children—fully adjusted HR (aHR) 0.93 per child (95% CI 0.79 1.10). The similarly reduced, association being statistically significant (aHR 0.93; 95% 0.88 0.98). After schools reopened all August 2020, no seen 1.03; 0.92 1.14). Conclusion Between associated an attenuated among worker households. There evidence that increased adults’ including during period after reopened.

Language: Английский

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School closures reduced social mixing of children during COVID-19 with implications for transmission risk and school reopening policies

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(177)

Published: April 1, 2021

School closures may reduce the size of social networks among children, potentially limiting infectious disease transmission. To estimate impact K–12 and reopening policies on children's interactions COVID-19 incidence in California's Bay Area, we collected data contacts assessed implications for transmission using an individual-based model. Elementary Hispanic children had more during than high school non-Hispanic respectively. We estimated that spring 2020 elementary schools averted 2167 cases Area (95% CI: −985, 5572), fewer middle (5884; 95% 1478, 11.550), (8650; 3054, 15 940) workplace (15 813; 9963, 22 617) closures. Under assumptions moderate community transmission, a four-month semester without any precautions will increase symptomatic illness teachers (an additional 40.7% expected to experience infection, 1.9, 61.1), (37.2%, 4.6, 58.1) (4.1%, −1.7, 12.0). However, found combine universal masking with classroom cohorts could result few within-school transmissions, while require plus staggered hybrid schedule. Stronger interventions (e.g. remote work, distancing) decreased risk across all measures studied, influence minimized as effectiveness increased.

Language: Английский

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