Relation of severe COVID-19 in Scotland to transmission-related factors and risk conditions eligible for shielding support: REACT-SCOT case-control study

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: June 23, 2021

Clinically vulnerable individuals have been advised to shield themselves during the COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of this study were investigate (1) rate ratio severe associated with eligibility for shielding programme in Scotland across first and second waves epidemic (2) relation transmission-related factors those general population.In a matched case-control design, all 178,578 diagnosed cases from 1 March 2020 18 February 2021 age, sex primary care practice 1,744,283 controls population. This dataset (REACT-SCOT) was linked list 212,702 identified as eligible shielding. Severe defined that entered critical or fatal. Rate ratios estimated by conditional logistic regression.With without risk conditions reference category, univariate 3.21 (95% CI 3.01 3.41) moderate 6.3 5.8 6.8) highest solid organ transplant recipients: 13.4 9.6 18.8). Risk increased number adults but decreased school-age children household. strongly recent exposure hospital (defined 5 14 days before presentation date): 12.3 11.5 13.2) overall. population attributable fraction peaked at 50% May again 65% December 2020.The effectiveness limited inability control transmission other Mitigating impact requires nosocomial transmission.

Language: Английский

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Different patterns of excess all-cause mortality by age and sex in Hungary during the 2nd and 3rd waves of the COVID-19 pandemic

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(5), P. 2361 - 2369

Published: July 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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In-person schooling is essential even during periods of high transmission of COVID-19

BMJ evidence-based medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 175 - 179

Published: April 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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Lack of correlation between school reopening and trends in adult COVID-19 hospitalisations and death rates during the Delta and early Omicron periods: an ecological analysis of five countries

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106390 - 106390

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Highlights•School closures were used during the COVID-19 pandemic to limit transmission of infection.•We found that reopening schools in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland or United Kingdom and jurisdictions did not alter existing trajectory hospitalisation death rates Delta early Omicron periods.•There no consistent patterns SARS-CoV-2 case, rates, irrespective whether open changes public health social measures.•Understanding role is critical for planning response pre-approved research protocols are needed along with documentation harms school closures.AbstractObjectivesIn this ecological study, we describe case incidence age adult populations, periods, before after reopened five countries.MethodsData extracted from government websites. Cases calculated periods Kingdom, two weeks preceding six reopened. We summarised stringency measures (GRI), vaccination by testing rates.ResultsDuring Delta, cases increased 2/7 sites reopened, hospitalisations 1/5 sites, while deaths decreased one then another. During Omicron, 2/8 1/6 1/4 sites. The rate trends commenced continued on same Vaccination ≥70-year-olds 75-100% 95-100% Omicron. Wide variations may explain differences incidence. GRI higher more variation than Omicron.ConclusionsReopening change rates.

Language: Английский

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Pediatric COVID-19: Immunopathogenesis, Transmission and Prevention

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. 1002 - 1002

Published: Sept. 8, 2021

Children are unique in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 has a lower medical impact children as compared to adults. A higher proportion than adults remain asymptomatic following infection and severe disease death also less common. This relative resistance contrasts with high susceptibility other respiratory tract infections. The mechanisms involved incompletely understood but could include rapid development robust innate immune response. On hand, develop complication, named multisystem inflammatory syndrome children, several weeks after onset symptoms. Although play an important role transmission many pathogens, their contribution appears that These aspects must be considered benefit–risk analysis vaccination. Several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use adolescents clinical studies ongoing children. As vaccination is rolled out countries, we shall learn about this strategy on health within communities.

Language: Английский

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Model-based assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant transmission dynamics within partially vaccinated K-12 school populations

The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5, P. 100133 - 100133

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

We examined school reopening policies amidst ongoing transmission of the highly transmissible Delta variant, accounting for vaccination among individuals ≥12 years.

Language: Английский

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School reopening and risks accelerating the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. e0260189 - e0260189

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Background One of the most recent concerns this pandemic regards role schools reopening in disease transmission, as well impact keeping closed. While school seems critical for education and mental health children, adolescents, adults, so far literature has not systematically reached a consensus whether to recommend return way that would be safe students staff. Objective To synthesize critically evaluate scientific evidence on potential risk accelerating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among young adults with reopening. Methods This systematic review meta-analysis protocol was elaborated following PRISMA-P. We will include all observational study designs, which report COVID-2019 Electronic databases included were MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web Science, SCOPUS CNKI. Additional sources also retrieved, including Clinical trials.gov-NIH, The British Pro Quest Dissertations Database, Public Health Gray Literature Sources Evidence, Google Scholar, pre-prints [medRXiv]. No restriction language or date used search strategy. In an independently manner, two investigators select studies, perform data extraction, appraisal bias overall quality selected based their designs. heterogeneity studies assessed using I 2 statistic test. According results test, we verify is feasible. If feasibility confirmed, random-effect model analysis carried out. For analysis, calculation pooled effect estimates consider 95% CI alpha set 0.05 R statistical software, v.4.0.4. addition, rate certainty methods accordance Grading Recommendations Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE). Expected provide better insights into safety context pandemic, at time when vaccination advances unevenly several countries around world. Hence, consistent robust provided help decision-makers stakeholders current scenario. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021265283; https://clinicaltrials.gov .

Language: Английский

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Children and COVID-19 in schools

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6568), P. 680 - 682

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

The benefits of in-person schooling with mitigations in place outweigh the risks COVID-19 for children.

Language: Английский

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Clinical course of COVID-19 in hospitalized children of Ukraine in different pandemic periods

European Clinical Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 30, 2022

The coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic has seen a progressive increase in childhood morbidity worldwide. Continuous mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes wave-like course COVID-19 pandemic, which is characterized by an undulating and predominance different variants virus. There are many reports that clinical picture may vary depending on circulating strain [7-11, 13-16]. Based this, we decided to analyze evaluate presence pattern between epidemic characteristics prevailing locally.To study effects various strains epidemiological pediatric patients; determine regularity severity disease SARS-CoV-2.A retrospective analysis 945 case stories children who were hospitalized at infectious diseases hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) period from June 2020 February 2022 (corresponding four waves strains). We investigated features, as well laboratory instrumental parameters, comparing disease.A wave was found. third seemed be most severe, due frequency complications, concomitant pathology, symptoms level mortality. timing this outbreak matched with circulation delta-variant correlated hospitalization rates Ukraine.

Language: Английский

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Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Households With Children in France, 2020-2022

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. e2334084 - e2334084

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Understanding the contribution of children to SARS-CoV-2 circulation in households is critical for designing public health policies and mitigation strategies.To identify temporal changes risk infection people living with children.This case-control study included online questionnaire responses from French adults between October 2020 2022. Eligible cases were ongoing an email address on record national insurance system, which centralized all new diagnoses France. controls who had never tested positive until February 2021, when eligibility was extended without infection.Transmission a child (aged under 18 years) within household descriptive analysis, as reported by participating case. Sharing (of any age or broken down school level) analysis.Ongoing diagnosed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction supervised rapid antigen test (ie, not self-tests).A total 682 952 analysis (68.8% female, median [IQR] age, 44 [34-55] years). Among those, 45 108 (6.6%) identified source case; this proportion peaked at 10.4% during Omicron BA.1 wave (December 20, April 8, 2022). For we matched 175 688 (with 4:1 ratio) demographic characteristics 43 922 controls. In multivariable logistic regression exposure associated increased mainly end summer 2021 (receding Delta wave) winter 2022 (Omicron wave). subgroup level child, 6 odds throughout period, peaking ratio (OR) 1.8 (95% CI, 1.6-2.1) looked after professional in-home caregivers, 1.7 1.5-1.7) day care facilities, 1.6 1.4-1.8) preschool. The ORs aged 14 years (August 14, December 19, 2021) waves, reaching primary 1.4 1.3-1.5) middle children. Exposure older 15 17 moderate OR 1.2 1.2-1.3) curfew early 4, 2020, 2021).The presence children, notably very young ones, other members, especially waves. These results should help guide targeting immunocompromised members their household.

Language: Английский

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