Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Global Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(12), P. e012581 - e012581

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Introduction Despite a growing body of scholarly research on the risks severe COVID-19 associated with diabetes, hypertension and obesity, there is need for estimating pooled risk estimates adjustment confounding effects. We conducted systematic review meta-analysis to estimate adjusted ratios obesity mortality. Methods searched 16 literature databases original studies published between 1 December 2019 31 2020. used adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assess bias. Pooled were estimated based effect sizes. applied random-effects account uncertainty in residual heterogeneity. contour-funnel plots Egger’s test possible publication Results reviewed 34 830 records identified search, which 145 included meta-analysis. 1.43 (95% CI 1.32 1.54), 1.19 1.09 1.30) 1.39 1.27 1.52) (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ) mortality, respectively. The appeared be stronger before April 2020, Western Pacific Region, low- middle-income countries, countries low Global Health Security Index scores, when compared their counterparts. Conclusions Diabetes, an increased mortality independent other known factors, particularly low-resource settings. Addressing these chronic diseases could important global pandemic preparedness prevention. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021204371.

Language: Английский

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Countries’ progress towards Global Health Security (GHS) increased health systems resilience during the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic: A difference-in-difference study of 191 countries

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. e0004051 - e0004051

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Research on health systems resilience during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic frequently used Global Health Security Index (GHSI), a composite index scoring countries’ security and related capabilities. Conflicting results raised questions regarding validity of GHSI as reliable index. This study attempted to better characterize when what extent progress towards (GHS) augments resilience. We longitudinal data from 191 countries difference-in-difference (DiD) causal inference strategy quantify effect GHS capacity measured by their coverage rates for essential childhood immunizations, previously established proxy Using sliding scale cutoff values with step increments one, we divided into treatment control groups determined lowest score at which safeguarding was observed. All analyses were adjusted potential confounders. World Bank governance indicators employed robustness tests. While overall scores 57 above prevented declines in immunization 2020–2022 (coef: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.41–1.41), this strongest 2021 1.23; 0.05–2.41). Coefficient sizes smaller compared several sub-components, including environmental risks 4.28; 2.56–5.99) emergency preparedness response planning 1.82; 0.54–3.11). Our findings indicate that positively associated (2020) following two years (2021–2022), may have had most significant protective effects 2020 2022, underlying characteristics, quality, bolstered pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Income-Based analysis of health security in Western Asia through an integrated GHSI, MCDM, and Clustering Model

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 43 - 43

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Infectious diseases present significant challenges to global health security in contemporary, interconnected environments. This study aimed evaluate and compare performance Western Asia (WA), with a focus on income group-based disparities region-specific insights. utilized the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) assess across 17 WA countries categorized by level. indicators for 2019 2021 were analyzed using D-CRITIC method determine relative importance of each indicator (Global Index, 2021): https://ghsindex.org/report-model/). A combined D-CRITIC-CoCoSo framework was employed rank countries, followed K-means clustering grading. The also investigated correlations between financial allocation's outcomes Spearman's correlation. comparative analysis elucidated regional categories. highlights WA's progress prioritizing foundational systems, detection/reporting, rapid response, risk management. From 2021, priorities varied group, high-income focusing detection, upper-middle-income environments, low-income prevention. While some nations demonstrated improvement, others, such as Armenia, experienced decline, revealing persistent vulnerabilities. revealed variability capacity, both setbacks among different clusters. High- Qatar Georgia, leverage investments international partnerships improve their rankings, while conflict-affected, low-resource including Iraq, Yemen, Syria, face stagnation or decline. Strong observed resource allocation performance. Higher like Armenia Georgia led significantly improved outcomes, minimal spending Syria Yemen weakened resilience threats. Disparities persist, underscoring need equitable cooperation enhance public security.

Language: Английский

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The Global Health Security Index and Its Role in Shaping National COVID‑19 Response Capacities: A Scoping Review

Annals of Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 15 - 15

Published: March 14, 2025

Language: Английский

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Income-Based analysis of health security in Western Asia through an integrated GHSI, MCDM, and Clustering Model

F1000Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14, P. 43 - 43

Published: March 28, 2025

Objectives Infectious diseases present significant challenges to global health security in contemporary, interconnected environments. This study aimed evaluate and compare performance Western Asia (WA), with a focus on income group-based disparities region-specific insights. Methods utilized the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) assess across 17 WA countries categorized by level. indicators for 2019 2021 were analyzed using D-CRITIC method determine relative importance of each indicator (Global Index, 2021): https://ghsindex.org/report-model/). A combined D-CRITIC-CoCoSo framework was employed rank countries, followed K-means clustering grading. The also investigated correlations between financial allocation’s outcomes Spearman’s correlation. comparative analysis elucidated regional categories. Results highlights WA’s progress prioritizing foundational systems, detection/reporting, rapid response, risk management. From 2021, priorities varied group, high-income focusing detection, upper-middle-income environments, low-income prevention. While some nations demonstrated improvement, others, such as Armenia, experienced decline, revealing persistent vulnerabilities. revealed variability capacity, both setbacks among different clusters. High- Qatar Georgia, leverage investments international partnerships improve their rankings, while conflict-affected, low-resource including Iraq, Yemen, Syria, face stagnation or decline. Strong observed resource allocation performance. Higher like Armenia Georgia led significantly improved outcomes, minimal spending Syria Yemen weakened resilience threats. Conclusion Disparities persist, underscoring need equitable cooperation enhance public security.

Language: Английский

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Why do International Health Regulations self-assessment capacities (SPAR) scores not predict COVID-19 control outcomes? – analysis of the relationship between SPAR scores and COVID-19 resilience scores in 2021

Globalization and Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 15, 2025

Language: Английский

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Pandemic preparedness improves national-level SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality data completeness: a cross-country ecologic analysis

Population Health Metrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 15, 2024

Heterogeneity in national SARS-CoV-2 infection surveillance capabilities may compromise global enumeration and tracking of COVID-19 cases deaths bias analyses the pandemic's tolls. Taking account heterogeneity data completeness thus help clarify relationship between outcomes standard preparedness measures. We examined country-level associations pandemic capacities inventories, from Global Health Security (GHS) Index Joint External Evaluation (JEE), on death completion rates adjusted for income. Analyses were stratified by 100, 100-300, 300-500, 500-700 days after first reported case each country. subsequently reevaluated age-standardized cross-country differentials during pre-vaccine era. Every 10% increase GHS was associated with a 14.9% (95% confidence interval 8.34-21.8%) rate 10.6% (5.91-15.4%) entire observation period. Disease prevention (infections: β = 1.08 [1.05-1.10], deaths: 1.05 [1.04-1.07]), detection 1.04 [1.01-1.06], 1.03 [1.01-1.05]), response 1.06 [1.00-1.13], [1.00-1.10]), health system [1.03-1.10], [1.03-1.07]), risk environment 1.27 [1.15-1.41], 1.15 [1.08-1.23]) both outcomes. Effect sizes (Low income: 1.18 [1.04-1.34], Lower Middle 1.41 [1.16-1.71]) 1.19 [1.09-1.31], 1.25 [1.10-1.43]) largest LMICs. After adjustment differences completeness, 13.5% (4.80-21.4%) decrease at 100 9.10 (1.07-16.5%) 300 days. For rates, 15.7% (5.19-25.0%) 10.3% (- 0.00-19.5%) Results support pre-pandemic hypothesis that countries greater have larger mortality lower disease burdens. More high-quality impact based direct measurement are needed.

Language: Английский

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High Global Health Security Index is a determinant of early detection and response to monkeypox: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. e0307503 - e0307503

Published: July 26, 2024

Recent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) have occurred in countries outside Africa, with large numbers cases spreading rapidly to almost every continent. We aimed analyze the correlation between Global Health Security (GHS) Index (categories and indicators) Mpox case rate different regions globally.

Language: Английский

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Does it matter that standard preparedness indices did not predict COVID-19 outcomes?

Globalization and Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Sept. 23, 2023

A number of scientific publications and commentaries have suggested that standard preparedness indices such as the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) scores did not predict COVID-19 outcomes. To some, failure these metrics to be predictive demonstrates need for a fundamental reassessment which better aligns measurement with operational capacities in real-world stress situations, including points at coordination structures decision-making may fail. There are, however, several reasons why instruments should so easily rejected measures.From methodological point view, studies use relatively simple outcome measures, mostly based on cumulative numbers cases deaths fixed time. country's "success" dealing pandemic is highly multidimensional - both health outcomes type timing interventions policies too complex represent single number. In addition, comparability mortality data over time among jurisdictions questionable due variable completeness representativeness. Furthermore, analyses cross-sectional design, poorly suited evaluating impact interventions, especially COVID-19.Conceptually, major reason current measures fail they do adequately capture variations presence effective political leadership needed activate implement existing system, instill confidence government's response; or background levels interpersonal trust government institutions country ability mount fast adaptable responses. These factors are crucial; capacity alone insufficient if effectively leveraged. However, intended identify gaps countries must fill. As important institutions, cannot held accountable one another having good institutions. Therefore, JEE scores, GHSI, similar can useful tools identifying critical capabilities necessary but sufficient an response.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 impact on life expectancy in Mexico. An analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study

Gaceta Médica de México, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159(6)

Published: Feb. 19, 2024

Background: Between 2020 and 2021, Mexico documented 2.21 million fatalities, out of which 25.3% were attributable to SARS-COV-2 infection.Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 mortality during 2020-2021, determine its impact on national-and state-level life expectancy at birth, in a group selected countries the region, as well analyze it according sociodemographic profiles.Material methods: Data from Global Burden Disease 2021 study used report mortality, underlying causes between 2019 2021.These data evaluated perspective response pandemic structure based quadratic regression model.Results: 708,971 excess deaths recorded, decreased birth by 4.6 years; 76% this reduction was attributed COVID-19.The rate higher than expected conditions states.Conclusions: In devastating generated regressions varied two nine years.It is not clear why effect so different within Mexico.

Language: Английский

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