Role of meteorological factors in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 14, 2021

Abstract Improved understanding of the effects meteorological conditions on transmission SARS-CoV-2, causative agent for COVID-19 disease, is needed. Here, we estimate relationship between air temperature, specific humidity, and ultraviolet radiation SARS-CoV-2 in 2669 U.S. counties with abundant reported cases from March 15 to December 31, 2020. Specifically, quantify associations daily mean estimates reproduction number ( R t ) calculate fraction attributable these conditions. Lower temperature (within 20–40 °C range), lower were significantly associated increased . The 3.73% (95% empirical confidence interval [eCI]: 3.66–3.76%), 9.35% eCI: 9.27–9.39%), 4.44% 4.38–4.47%), respectively. In total, 17.5% was factors. fractions factors generally higher northern than southern counties. Our findings indicate that cold dry weather low levels are moderately transmissibility, humidity playing largest role.

Language: Английский

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Temperature and population density influence SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(25)

Published: June 8, 2021

As COVID-19 continues to spread across the world, it is increasingly important understand factors that influence its transmission. Seasonal variation driven by responses changing environment has been shown affect transmission intensity of several coronaviruses. However, impact on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains largely unknown, and thus seasonal a source uncertainty in forecasts SARS-CoV-2 Here we address this issue assessing association temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation, population density with estimates rate (R). Using data from United States, explore correlates US states using comparative regression integrative epidemiological modeling. We find policy intervention ("lockdown") reductions individuals' mobility are major predictors rates, but, their absence, lower temperatures higher densities correlated increased Our results show summer weather cannot be considered substitute for mitigation policies, but autumn winter may lead an increase absence interventions or behavioral changes. outline how information improve forecasting COVID-19, reveal future dynamics, inform policies.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Impact on Operation and Energy Consumption of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems

Advances in Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100040 - 100040

Published: May 31, 2021

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system is favourable for regulating indoor temperature, relative humidity, airflow pattern air quality. However, HVAC systems may turn out to be the culprit of microbial contamination in enclosed spaces deteriorate environment due inappropriate design operation. In context COVID-19, significant transformations new requirements are occurring systems. Recently, several updated operational guidelines have been issued by various institutions control airborne transmission mitigate infection risks environments. Challenges innovations emerge response variations To efficiently prevent spread pandemic reduce risks, it essential an overall understanding impacts caused COVID-19 on Therefore, objectives this article to: (a) provide a comprehensive review characteristics SARS-CoV-2 theoretical basis operation guideline revision; (b) investigate HVAC-related clarify during pandemic; (c) analyse how affect energy consumption; (d) identify research trends concerning future Furthermore, paper compares consumption normal times versus period, based case study China, providing reference other countries around world. Results offer insights into keep environments safe while maintaining energy-efficient

Language: Английский

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A systematic review on AI/ML approaches against COVID-19 outbreak

Complex & Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(5), P. 2655 - 2678

Published: July 5, 2021

A pandemic disease, COVID-19, has caused trouble worldwide by infecting millions of people. The studies that apply artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods for various purposes against the COVID-19 outbreak have increased because their significant advantages. Although AI/ML applications provide satisfactory solutions to these can a wide diversity. This increase in number diversity confuse deciding which technique is suitable purposes. Because there no comprehensive review study, this study systematically analyzes summarizes related studies. research methodology been proposed conduct systematic literature framing questions, searching criteria relevant data extraction. Finally, 264 were taken into account after following inclusion exclusion criteria. be regarded as key element epidemic transmission prediction, diagnosis detection, drug/vaccine development. Six questions are explored with 50 approaches 8 patient outcome 14 techniques disease predictions, along five risk assessment COVID-19. It also covers method drug development, vaccines models datasets usage dataset AI/ML.

Language: Английский

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What Could Explain the Lower COVID-19 Burden in Africa despite Considerable Circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(16), P. 8638 - 8638

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

The differential spread and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), across regions is a major focus for researchers policy makers. Africa has attracted tremendous attention, due to predictions catastrophic impacts that have not yet materialized. Early in the pandemic, seemingly low African case count was largely attributed testing reporting. However, there reason consider many countries attenuated early on. Factors explaining include government community-wide actions, population distribution, social contacts, ecology human habitation. While recent data from seroprevalence studies posit more extensive circulation virus, continuing COVID-19 burden may be explained by demographic pyramid, prevalence pre-existing conditions, trained immunity, genetics, broader sociocultural dynamics. Though all these prongs contribute observed profile Africa, some provide stronger evidence than others. This review important expand what known about pandemics, enhancing scientific understanding gearing appropriate public health responses. Furthermore, it highlights potential lessons draw global on assumptions regarding deadly viral given its long experience with infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

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Human mobility and poverty as key drivers of COVID-19 transmission and control

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: March 25, 2021

Abstract Background Applying heavy nationwide restrictions is a powerful method to curtail COVID-19 transmission but poses significant humanitarian and economic crisis. Thus, it essential improve our understanding of transmission, develop more focused effective strategies. As human mobility drives data from cellphone devices can be utilized achieve these goals. Methods We analyzed aggregated anonymized the cell phone of> 3 million users between February 1, 2020, May 16, 2020 — in which several movement were applied lifted Israel. integrated patterns into age-, risk- region-structured model. Calibrated coronavirus incidence 250 regions covering Israel, we evaluated efficacy effectiveness decreasing morbidity mortality applying localized temporal lockdowns (stay-at-home order). Results Poorer exhibited lower slower compliance with restrictions. Our model further indicated that individuals impoverished areas associated high rates. Considering horizon 1–3 years, found reduce mortality, school closure has an adverse effect, while interventions focusing on elderly are most efficient. also during regional outbreaks reduces overall compared lockdowns. These trends consistent across vast ranges epidemiological parameters, potential seasonal forcing. Conclusions More resources should devoted helping regions. Utilizing despite being help policymakers worldwide identify hotspots apply designated strategies against future outbreaks.

Language: Английский

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Semiconductor-membrane fuel cell (SMFC) for renewable energy technology

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 113639 - 113639

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Language: Английский

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Differences in airborne stability of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern is impacted by alkalinity of surrogates of respiratory aerosol

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(203)

Published: June 1, 2023

The mechanistic factors hypothesized to be key drivers for the loss of infectivity viruses in aerosol phase often remain speculative. Using a next-generation bioaerosol technology, we report measurements aero-stability several SARS-CoV-2 variants concern droplets well-defined size and composition at high (90%) low (40%) relative humidity (RH) upwards 40 min. When compared with ancestral virus, Delta variant displayed different decay profiles. At RH, viral approximately 55% was observed over initial 5 s both variants. Regardless RH variant, greater than 95% lost after min being aerosolized. Aero-stability correlate their sensitivities alkaline pH. Removal all acidic vapours dramatically increased rate decay, 90% 2 min, while addition nitric acid vapour improved aero-stability. Similar artificial saliva growth medium observed. A model predict is proposed: pH exhaled drives loss; salt content limits infectivity.

Language: Английский

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The impact of spatial connectivity on NPIs effectiveness

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Background France implemented a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to manage the COVID-19 pandemic between September 2020 and June 2021. These included lockdown in fall – second since start counteract wave, followed by long period nighttime curfew, third spring 2021 against Alpha wave. Interventions have so far been evaluated isolation, neglecting spatial connectivity regions through mobility that may impact NPI effectiveness. Methods Focusing on 2020–June 2021, we developed regionally-based epidemic metapopulation model informed observed fluxes from daily mobile phone data fitted regional hospital admissions. The integrated vaccination variants spread. Scenarios were designed assess variant, characterized increased transmissibility risk hospitalization, campaign alternative policy decisions. Results better captured heterogeneity dynamics, compared models inter-regional mobility. was similarly effective after discounting for immunity, Alpha, seasonality (51% vs 52% median reduction reproductive number R 0 , respectively). 6pm curfew with bars restaurants closed, January substantially reduced transmission. It initially led 49% decreasing 43% March In absence vaccination, would insufficient Counterfactual scenarios proposing sequence lockdowns stop-and-go fashion hospitalizations restriction days low enough thresholds triggering lifting restrictions. Conclusions Spatial induced impacted effectiveness especially higher rates. Early evening gastronomy sector closed allowed authorities delay Stop-and-go could lowered both healthcare societal burdens if early enough, application lockdown-curfew-lockdown, but likely at expense several labor sectors. findings contribute characterize strategies improve preparedness.

Language: Английский

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Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Epidemiological Impact and Clinical Consequences

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 919 - 919

Published: June 9, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that belongs to the family and cause of disease 2019 (COVID-19). As May 2022, it had caused more than 500 million infections 6 deaths worldwide. Several vaccines have been produced tested over last two years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, on other hand, has mutated time, resulting in genetic variation population circulating variants during COVID-19 pandemic. It also shown immune-evading characteristics, suggesting vaccinations against these could be potentially ineffective. purpose this review article investigate key concern (VOCs) mutations driving current pandemic, as well explore transmission rates VOCs relation epidemiological factors compare virus's rate prior coronaviruses. We examined provided information study, including their transmissibility, infectivity rate, severity, affinity for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors, viral load, reproduction number, vaccination effectiveness, vaccine breakthrough.

Language: Английский

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