Advancements in nanoparticle-based treatment approaches for skin cancer therapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Skin cancer has emerged as the fifth most commonly reported in world, causing a burden on global health and economy. The enormously rising environmental changes, industrialization, genetic modification have further exacerbated skin statistics. Current treatment modalities such surgery, radiotherapy, conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy are facing several issues related to cost, toxicity, bioavailability thereby leading declined anti-skin therapeutic efficacy poor patient compliance. In context of overcoming this limitation, nanotechnological advancements been witnessed so far. Among various nanomaterials, nanoparticles endowed exorbitant advantages by acting both agents drug carriers for remarkable cancer. small size large surface area volume ratio escalate tumor uptake through their leaky vasculature resulting enhanced efficacy. context, present review provides up date information about different types pathology cancer, followed current associated drawbacks. Furthermore, it meticulously discusses role numerous inorganic, polymer, lipid-based therapy with subsequent descriptions patents clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics: Understanding MicroRNA-21 in Cancer

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(18), P. 2791 - 2791

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play an important role in regulating gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. As one of the first discovered oncogenic miRNAs, microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been highlighted for its critical cancers, such as glioblastoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and many others. MiR-21 targets vital components wide range cancers acts on various cellular processes ranging from cancer stemness to death. Expression miR-21 is elevated within tissues circulating readily detectable biofluids, making it valuable biomarker with significant potential use diagnosis prognosis. Advances RNA-based therapeutics have revealed additional avenues by which can be utilized promising target cancer. The purpose this review outline roles key modulator therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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Ferroptosis in sepsis: The mechanism, the role and the therapeutic potential

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Sepsis is a common critical illness in the Intensive care unit(ICU) and its management treatment has always been major challenge medicine. The dysregulated host response to infection, causing systemic multi-organ multi-system damage main pathogenesis. Notably, intense stress during sepsis can lead metabolic disturbances of ions, lipids energy organism. Ferroptosis an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death distinguished by disruption iron metabolism iron-dependent accumulation lipid peroxides. Mounting researches have established that ferroptosis essential part anti-inflammatory sepsis, drugs targeting ferroptosis-related molecules, such as inhibitors, are gradually proving their effectiveness sepsis. This paper summarizes reviews pathogenesis ferroptosis, regulatory network, vital involvement initiation related organ damage, finally discusses possible target provided above mechanisms, describes dilemmas well outlook, hope finding more links between providing new perspectives for future

Language: Английский

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Non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 114993 - 114993

Published: June 9, 2023

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide seriously threatens human health life. Cardiomyocyte death considered the pathological basis of various CVDs, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, aortic dissection. Multiple mechanisms, such as ferroptosis, necrosis, apoptosis, contribute cardiomyocyte death. Among them, ferroptosis an iron-dependent form programmed cell that plays vital role in physiological processes, from development aging immunity CVD. The dysregulation has been shown be closely associated with CVD progression, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In recent years, growing amount evidence suggests non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long RNAs, circular involved regulation thus affecting progression. Some ncRNAs also exhibit potential value biomarker and/or therapeutic target for patients this review, we systematically summarize findings on their We focus clinical applications diagnostic prognostic biomarkers well targets treatment. DATA AVAILABILITY: No new data were created or analyzed study. Data sharing applicable article.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and applications of radiation-induced oxidative stress in regulating cancer immunotherapy

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment option for cancer patients, which induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causes oxidative stress (OS), leading to death tumor cells. OS not only apoptosis, autophagy ferroptosis, but also affects immune response. The combination RT immunotherapy has revolutionized management various cancers. In this process, caused by ROS plays a critical role. Specifically, RT-induced can promote release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), regulate infiltration differentiation cells, manipulate expression checkpoints, change microenvironment (TME). review, we briefly summarize several ways in IR cell discuss interrelationship between antitumor immunity, with focus on interaction ferroptosis immunogenic death. We potential mechanisms regulates checkpoint expression, cells activity, differentiation. addition, conclude therapeutic opportunity improving radiotherapy regulating OS, may be beneficial clinical treatment.

Language: Английский

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MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 10, 2024

Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of immune system to eliminate tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) block negative regulatory signals that prevent T cells from attacking cells. Two key ICIs target PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which includes programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor death (PD-1). Another ICI targets cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). While have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various malignancies, only a subset patients respond favorably. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression, play crucial role modulating checkpoints, including CTLA-4. This review summarizes latest advancements immunotherapy, highlighting therapeutic potential targeting CTLA-4 checkpoints miRNAs these pathways. Consequently, understanding complex interplay between is essential for developing more effective personalized immunotherapy strategies treatment. Graphical

Language: Английский

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The crosstalk of CD8+ T cells and ferroptosis in cancer

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 15, 2024

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, novel form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion widespread in a variety diseases. CD8+ T cells are the most important effector cytotoxic cells, capable specifically recognizing killing cancer cells. Traditionally, thought to induce mainly through perforin granzyme, Fas-L/Fas binding. In recent years, cell-derived IFN-γ was found promote ferroptosis multiple mechanisms, including upregulation IRF1 IRF8, downregulation system XC-, while shown enhance anti-tumor effects heating tumor immune microenvironment exposure release tumor-associated specific antigens, which results positive feedback pathway. Unfortunately, intra-tumoral more sensitive than limits application inducers cancer. addition, susceptible being regulated other TME, such as macrophages, dendritic Treg, bone marrow-derived immunosuppressive Together, these factors build complex network Therefore, we aim integrate relevant studies reveal potential mechanisms crosstalk between ferroptosis, summarize preclinical models therapy find new therapeutic strategies this review.

Language: Английский

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Reprogramming of lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: a strategy for tumor immunotherapy

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Lipid metabolism in cancer cells has garnered increasing attention recent decades. Cancer thrive hypoxic conditions, nutrient deficiency, and oxidative stress cannot be separated from alterations lipid metabolism. Therefore, exhibit increased metabolism, uptake, lipogenesis storage to adapt a progressively challenging environment, which contribute their rapid growth. Lipids aid cell activation. absorb lipids with the help of transporter translocase proteins obtain energy. Abnormal levels series synthases over-accumulation tumor microenvironment (TME). reprogramming plays an essential role TME. are closely linked several immune phenotypic transformation. The further promotes immunosuppression, leads escape. This event significantly affects progression, treatment, recurrence, metastasis cancer. present review describes TME examines connection between immunotherapy.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms, combination therapy, and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy resistance

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 19, 2024

Abstract Anti-programmed death 1/programmed ligand 1 (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) antibodies exert significant antitumor effects by overcoming tumor cell immune evasion and reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the emergence of drug resistance causes most patients to respond poorly these checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Studies have shown that insufficient infiltration, lack PD-1 expression, deficient interferon signaling, loss antigen presentation, abnormal lipid metabolism are all considered be closely associated with immunotherapy resistance. To address in immunotherapy, a lot research has concentrated on developing combination therapy strategies. Currently, ICIs such as anti-PD-1 /PD-L1 antibody combined chemotherapy targeted been approved for clinical treatment. In this review, we analyze mechanisms anti-PD-1/PD-L1 terms microenvironment, gut microbiota, epigenetic regulation, co-inhibitory receptors. We also discuss various promising therapeutic strategies drugs, including combining therapies traditional Chinese medicine, non-coding RNAs, therapy, other ICIs, personalized cancer vaccines. Moreover, focus biomarkers predict well efficacy. Finally, suggest ways further expand application through using biomarker systems.

Language: Английский

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HMGA1 drives chemoresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing ferroptosis

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(2)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Chemotherapy is a primary treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs an important hurdle effective treatment. Understanding the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance in ESCC unmet medical need improve survival of ESCC. Herein, we demonstrate that ferroptosis triggered by inhibiting high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) may provide novel opportunity gain therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance HMGA1 upregulated and works as key driver cisplatin (DDP) repressing ferroptosis. Inhibition enhances sensitivity With transcriptome analysis following-up assays, demonstrated upregulates expression solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), transporter maintaining intracellular glutathione homeostasis accumulation malondialdehyde (MDA), thereby suppressing acts chromatin remodeling factor promoting binding activating transcription 4 (ATF4) promoter SLC7A11, hence enhancing SLC7A11 redox balance. We characterized enhanced chemosensitivity primarily attributed increased susceptibility resulting from depletion HMGA1. Moreover, utilized syngeneic allograft tumor models genetically engineered mice induce validated promotes restores DDP, efficacy. Our finding uncovers critical role repression thus establishment DDP ESCC, highlighting HMGA1-based rewiring strategies potential approaches overcome resistance.

Language: Английский

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