An Overview of Epigenetics in Obesity: The Role of Lifestyle and Therapeutic Interventions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1341 - 1341

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Obesity has become a global epidemic that negative impact on population health and the economy of nations. Genetic predispositions have been demonstrated to substantial role in unbalanced energy metabolism seen obesity. However, these genetic variations cannot entirely explain massive growth obesity over last few decades. Accumulating evidence suggests modern lifestyle characteristics such as intake energy-dense foods, adopting sedentary behavior, or exposure environmental factors industrial endocrine disruptors all contribute rising epidemic. Recent advances study DNA its alterations considerably increased our understanding function epigenetics regulating expenditure metabolic diseases. These epigenetic modifications influence how is transcribed without altering sequence. They are dynamic, reflecting interplay between body surroundings. Notably, changes reversible, making them appealing targets for therapeutic corrective interventions. In this review, I discuss disordered what degree weight reduction strategies pharmacological drugs can restore balance by restoring normal profiles.

Language: Английский

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Histone Methylation Regulation in Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 4654 - 4654

Published: April 28, 2021

Advances achieved with molecular biology and genomics technologies have permitted investigators to discover epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation histone posttranslational modifications, which are critical for gene expression in almost all tissues brain health disease. These advances influenced much interest understanding the dysregulation of mechanisms neurodegenerative disorders. Although these disorders diverge their fundamental causes pathophysiology, several involve methylation-mediated expression. Interestingly, remodeling via specific regions has been suggested play a function neurobiology psychiatric disorders, including that related diseases. Prominently, currently brings considerable an essential player Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), Huntington’s (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) drugs abuse, alcohol abuse disorder, where it may facilitate connections between genetic environmental risk factors or directly influence disease-specific pathological factors. We discussed current state methylation, therapeutic strategies, future perspectives While not somatically heritable, enzymes responsible regulation, methyltransferases demethylases neurons, dynamic reversible. They become promising potential targets treat prevent findings, along clinical data, provide links molecular-level changes behavioral differences novel avenues through epigenome be targeted early on people at

Language: Английский

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Alcohol and Head and Neck Cancer: Updates on the Role of Oxidative Stress, Genetic, Epigenetics, Oral Microbiota, Antioxidants, and Alkylating Agents

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 145 - 145

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Head and neck cancer (HNC) concerns more than 890,000 patients worldwide annually is associated with the advanced stage at presentation heavy outcomes. Alcohol drinking, together tobacco smoking, human papillomavirus infection are main recognized risk factors. The tumorigenesis of HNC represents an intricate sequential process that implicates a gradual acquisition genetic epigenetics alterations targeting crucial pathways regulating cell growth, motility, stromal interactions. Tumor microenvironment growth factors also play major role in HNC. toxicity caused both directly by ethanol indirectly its metabolic products, involvement oral microbiota oxidative stress; alcohol might enhance exposure epithelial cells to carcinogens, causing epigenetic modifications, DNA damage, inaccurate repair formation adducts. Long-term markers consumption, especially those detected hair, may provide information on real drinking patients. Strategies for prevention could include food supplements as polyphenols, alkylating drugs therapy key management. Indeed, polyphenols throughout their antioxidant anti-inflammatory actions counteract or limit toxic effect whereas agents inhibiting cells' reduce carcinogenic damage induced alcohol. Despite established association between HNC, concerning pattern consumption survivors has been shown. It primary importance increase awareness risks oncologic general population, advice reducing prevalence complications.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress inhibition by resveratrol in alcohol-dependent mice

Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 79-80, P. 110783 - 110783

Published: March 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Pediatrics Syndromes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1983 - 1983

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Oxidative stress is a condition determined by an imbalance between antioxidant and oxidative factors. can have serious consequences on our organism. Indeed, it causes both necrosis cell apoptosis, determining cellular aging, increased carcinogenesis, vascular stiffening, autoimmune diseases, muscle decay. In the context of pediatric syndromes, could play role in first order. fact, review literature showed that some pathologies, such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, related to intake ethanol during pregnancy main etiological factor associated clinical syndrome. On contrary, Williams syndrome, Down Marfan Gaucher ataxia-telangiectasia, autistic disorder, Fanconi’s anemia, primitive immunodeficiencies, increase directly with genetic alterations cause same pathologies. Although further studies are needed better understand relationship knowledge this crucial issue encourages future therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol as an early life stressor: Epigenetics, metabolic, neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral implications

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 118, P. 654 - 668

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Nerve Growth Factor, Stress and Diseases

Current Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 28(15), P. 2943 - 2959

Published: Aug. 19, 2020

Stress is a constant threat for homeostasis and represented by different extrinsic intrinsic stimuli (stressors, Hans Selye's "noxious agents"), such as aggressive behavior, fear, diseases, physical activity, drugs, surgical injury, environmental physiological changes. Our organisms respond to stress activating the adaptive system activate compensatory responses restoring homeostasis. Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) was discovered signaling molecule involved in survival, protection, differentiation, proliferation of sympathetic peripheral sensory neurons. NGF mediates with an important role translating into pathological feedbacks since levels undergo variations after exposure stressful events. Psychological stress, lifestyle oxidative are well known increase risk mental disorders schizophrenia, major depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, alcohol use metabolic syndrome. This review reports recent works describing activity related stress.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant properties of plant polyphenols in the counteraction of alcohol-abuse induced damage: Impact on the Mediterranean diet

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 104012 - 104012

Published: May 15, 2020

Polyphenols are antioxidants contained in plants as olive and grape. As part of the Mediterranean diet, they may decrease risk cancer, chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Alcohol consumption plays a detrimental effect on health, causing tissue damage disrupting metabolism Neurotrophins (NTs). NTs crucial proteins for life cycle neuronal non-neuronal cells. abuse elicits changes levels brain other target organs, however, it was observed minor animals early exposed to red wine, probably due antioxidant effects polyphenols. Indeed, data show that resveratrol or polyphenols extracted from can effectively counteract serum free radicals' formation caused by alcohol intake, contrasting also alcohol-induced liver elevation. The aim present review is update pieces evidences about properties their role counteracting damage.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Intervention to Improve Cognition in the Aging Brain: The Example of Hydroxytyrosol and Resveratrol

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(24), P. 15674 - 15674

Published: Dec. 10, 2022

Both physiological and pathological aging processes induce brain alterations especially affecting the speed of processing, working memory, conceptual reasoning executive functions. Many therapeutic approaches to reduce impact on cognitive functioning have been tested; unfortunately, there are no satisfactory results as a single therapy. As is partly contributed by free radical reactions, it has proposed that exogenous antioxidants could positive both its associated manifestations. The aim this report provide summary subsequent review literature evidence role in preventing improving cognition brain. Manipulation endogenous cellular defense mechanisms through nutritional or pharmacological compounds represents an innovative approach intervention diseases causing tissue damage, such neurodegeneration. Coherently with notion, antioxidants, those derived from Mediterranean diet hydroxytyrosol resveratrol, seem be able delay modulate decrease occurrence effects potential preventive activity should evaluated long-term exposure clinical trials, using preparations high bioavailability, bypass blood-brain barrier limitation, well standardized.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Epigenetics of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published: March 7, 2024

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) represent a continuum of lifelong impairments resulting from prenatal exposure to alcohol, with significant global impact. The “spectrum” disorders includes physical, cognitive, behavioral, and developmental impairments, which can have profound lasting effects on individuals throughout their lives impacting health, social interactions, psychological well-being every aspect lives. This narrative paper explores the intricate relationship between oxidative stress epigenetics in FASD pathogenesis its therapeutic implications. Oxidative stress, induced by alcohol metabolism, disrupts cellular components, particularly vulnerable fetal brain, leading aberrant development. Furthermore, is implicated epigenetic changes, including alterations DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNA expression, influence gene regulation patients. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction neuroinflammation contribute changes associated FASD. Understanding these mechanisms holds promise for targeted interventions. antioxidant supplementation lifestyle modifications mitigate FASD-related impairments. While preclinical studies show promise, further clinical trials are needed validate interventions' efficacy improving outcomes affected comprehensive understanding role underscores importance multidisciplinary approaches diagnosis, management, prevention strategies. Continued research this field crucial advancing our knowledge developing effective interventions address public health concern.

Language: Английский

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