SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AND ITS POTENTIAL IN U.S. MEDICAL THERAPEUTICS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW: EXPLORING THE CUTTING-EDGE INTERSECTIONS OF BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND TREATMENTS

Engineering Science & Technology Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 1395 - 1414

Published: April 17, 2024

This study provides a comprehensive review of the cutting-edge intersections biology and engineering in realm medical therapeutics, focusing on advancements applications synthetic biology. The main objectives were to explore historical evolution, define scope, analyze current state-of-the-art biology, particularly drug development treatment strategies. methodology employed systematic literature content analysis, utilizing range academic databases gather relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 2013 2023. Key findings revealED that through integration principles biological systems, has led significant innovations therapeutics. These include novel delivery targeted therapies, personalized medicine approaches. highlights challenges limitations approaches, such as ethical concerns, regulatory hurdles, need for interdisciplinary collaboration. future landscape is marked by both prospects. field holds immense potential addressing complex diseases enhancing healthcare delivery, yet faces considerations frameworks. Strategic recommendations are provided researchers, industry leaders, policymakers, emphasizing continuous innovation, applications, Finally, stands transformative force with revolutionize healthcare. Future research should focus overcoming exploring new ensuring field's continued advancement contribution global healthcare. Keywords: Synthetic Biology, Medical Therapeutics, Drug Development, Bioengineering.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in crop breeding for climate change resilience: Implications for smallholder farmers in Africa

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 101132 - 101132

Published: March 28, 2024

Food insecurity and malnutrition, compounded by climate change, are seriously threatening the growing African population. Unpredictable precipitation patterns droughts contributing to declining crop productivity. Efforts increase agricultural productivity include adoption of crops that resistant change engaging in resilient agriculture. Currently, CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats - associated protein) technology is being used breeding practices improve traits such as drought tolerance, nutrition disease resistance. The aim this review explore use developing for mitigation food hunger attendant implications small holder farmers Africa. A comprehensive systematic search peer reviewed articles three bibliographic databases, PubMed, Web Science Google Scholar, was conducted identify documents relevant applications CRISPR-mediated genome editing improvement context. literature shows CRISPR-Cas has been harnessed enhance resilience nutritional content various crops, combatting biotic abiotic stresses. CRISPR-assisted strategies can help smallholder low-middle income countries Africa adapt without loss. By harnessing technology, benefit from with improved yields stress resistance thereby security sustainable agriculture on continent.

Language: Английский

---

Genomic resources in plant breeding for sustainable agriculture

Journal of Plant Physiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 257, P. 153351 - 153351

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Climate change during the last 40 years has had a serious impact on agriculture and threatens global food nutritional security. From over half million plant species, cereals legumes are most important for Although systematic breeding relatively short history, conventional coupled with advances in technology crop management strategies increased yields by 56 % globally between 1965−85, referred to as Green Revolution. Nevertheless, demand food, feed, fiber, fuel necessitates need break existing yield barriers many plants. In first decade of 21st century we witnessed rapid discovery, transformative technological development declining costs genomics technologies. second decade, field turned towards making sense vast amount genomic information subsequently moved accurately predicting gene-to-phenotype associations tailoring plants climate resilience this review focus resources, genome germplasm sequencing, sequencing-based trait mapping, genomics-assisted approaches aimed at developing biotic stress resistant, abiotic tolerant high nutrition varieties six major (rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum pearl millet), (soybean, groundnut, cowpea, common bean, chickpea pigeonpea). We further provide perspective way forward use including marker-assisted selection, backcrossing, haplotype based prediction machine learning artificial intelligence, speed approaches. The overall goal is accelerate genetic gains deliver resilient sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

---

Optimizing the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in grape by using grape promoters

Horticulture Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(3), P. 1382 - 1396

Published: April 6, 2021

Abstract About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching Earth’s surface are UV-A (315–400 nm) photons. Plant responses to radiation have been less frequently studied than those UV-B (280–315 radiation. Most previous studies on used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active (PAR). Consequently, results from these difficult interpret ecological perspective, leaving important gap in our understanding perception solar UV by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes phototropins mediated photomorphogenic “UV-B photoreceptor” RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) However, how is perceived plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic PAR demonstrated that UVR8 can play major role both short-wavelength (UV-Asw, 315 ∼350 These experiments also showed jointly regulate gene expression through interactions alter relative sensitivity blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops action photoreceptors arise expression, signaling crosstalk, absorption phenolic metabolites. explain why exposure light modulates UV-Asw Future will need distinguish short long wavelengths consider UVR8’s as UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor sunlight.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR-Mediated Engineering across the Central Dogma in Plant Biology for Basic Research and Crop Improvement

Molecular Plant, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 127 - 150

Published: Nov. 3, 2020

The central dogma (CD) of molecular biology is the transfer genetic information from DNA to RNA protein. Major CD processes governing flow include cell cycle, replication, chromosome packaging, epigenetic changes, transcription, posttranscriptional alterations, translation, and posttranslational modifications. are tightly regulated in plants maintain integrity throughout life cycle pass materials next generation. Engineering various involved gene regulation will accelerate crop improvement feed growing world population. CRISPR technology enables programmable editing alter DNA, RNA, or protein, which would have been impossible past. Here, an overview recent advancements tool development CRISPR-based modulations that expedite basic applied plant research provided. Furthermore, applications major thriving areas research, such as discovery (allele mining cryptic activation), introgression (de novo domestication haploid induction), application desired traits beneficial farmers consumers (biotic/abiotic stress-resilient crops, factories, delayed senescence), described. Finally, global regulatory policies, challenges, prospects for CRISPR-mediated discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Bio-priming of seeds: Plant stress management and its underlying cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100052 - 100052

Published: Dec. 24, 2021

Exposure of crops to stress is the most significant barrier agricultural output and food security worldwide. Stress induces changes in plants' physiological functions, which leads lower plant growth yield. Plants undergo a variety molecular, cellular, combat various abiotic stresses. suffer from increased osmotic pressure outside root due stresses like drought or salt that ultimately result reduced water availability roots. In addition morphological modifications, such as leaf potential, accumulation osmoprotectants, antioxidant activities, so on occur response Seed priming novel yet simple technique involves use beneficial eco-friendly biological agents improve functioning seeds. This also plays vital role restoring agro-ecological balances through improvement soil fertility by decreasing contamination. An understanding mechanisms involved seed bio-priming with growth-promoting microbes very crucial efficiently utilise this towards sustainability. It generally thought advancement metabolic processes along activation repairing systems during pre-germination stage are central reasons behind promotion acquired tolerance. The application rhizobacteria agriculture has been emerging resilience. Bio-priming seeds ensures early protein DNA synthesis, helps effective mitochondrial development. review aims summarise current state technique.

Language: Английский

---

Seed ‘primeomics’: plants memorize their germination under stress

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 1723 - 1743

Published: May 7, 2021

Seed priming is a pre-germination treatment administered through various chemical, physical and biological agents, which induce mild stress during the early phases of germination. Priming facilitates synchronized seed germination, better seedling establishment, improved plant growth enhanced yield, especially in stressful environments. In parallel, phenomenon 'stress memory' exposure to sub-lethal leads responses future or recurring lethal stresses has gained widespread attention recent years. The versatility realistic yield gains associated with its connection memory make critical examination useful for design robust approaches maximizing gains. Herein, literature review identified selenium, salicylic acid, poly-ethylene glycol, CaCl2 thiourea as agents (SPRs) most studies have been carried out. average duration SPRs generally ranged from 2 48 h, i.e. phase I/II major signalling events regulating including DOG1 (delay germination 1)-abscisic acid (ABA)-heme regulatory module, ABA-gibberellic antagonism nucleus-organelle communication are detailed. We propose that both invoke 'bet-hedging' strategy plants, wherein their under optimal conditions compromised exchange conditions. molecular basis explained at level chromatin reorganization, alternative transcript splicing, metabolite accumulation autophagy. This provides framework study similar mechanisms operating priming. addition, we highlight potential merging findings on those memory, dual benefit advancing fundamental research boosting crop productivity. Finally, roadmap work, entailing identification SPR-responsive varieties development dual/multiple-benefit SPRs, proposed enhancing SPR-mediated agricultural productivity worldwide.

Language: Английский

---

CRISPR-Based Crop Improvements: A Way Forward to Achieve Zero Hunger

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 69(30), P. 8307 - 8323

Published: July 21, 2021

Zero hunger is one of the sustainable development goals set by United Nations in 2015 to achieve global food security 2030. The current harvest crops insufficient; feeding world's population and meeting goal zero 2030 will require larger more consistent crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) technology widely used for plant genome editing. In this review, we consider as a potential tool achieving hunger. We provide comprehensive overview CRISPR-Cas its most important applications crops' improvement. also conferred technological breakthroughs that help breeding future end regulatory aspects deploying commercial sectors, bioethics, production transgene-free plants are discussed. hope system accelerate improved cultivars compared with conventional pave way toward goal.

Language: Английский

---

Improvement of Soybean; A Way Forward Transition from Genetic Engineering to New Plant Breeding Technologies

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(2), P. 162 - 180

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

---