Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
117(20), P. 12942 - 13038
Published: Sept. 13, 2017
The
robust,
sensitive,
and
selective
detection
of
targeted
biomolecules
in
their
native
environment
by
prospective
nanostructures
holds
much
promise
for
real-time,
accurate,
high
throughput
biosensing.
However,
order
to
be
competitive,
current
biosensor
nanotechnologies
need
significant
improvements,
especially
specificity,
integration,
rate,
long-term
stability
complex
bioenvironments.
Advancing
biosensing
chemically
"noisy"
bioenvironments
require
careful
engineering
nanoscale
components
that
are
highly
biorecognition
ligands
capable
exquisite
binding,
seamless
integration
at
a
level
devices
have
yet
achieve.
This
review
summarizes
recent
advances
the
synthesis,
assembly,
applications
nanoengineered
reporting
transducing
critical
efficient
First,
major
classes
nanostructured
components,
both
inorganic
reporters
organic
transducers,
discussed
context
synthetic
control
individual
compositions,
shapes,
properties.
Second,
design
surface
functionalities
path,
characterization
interfacial
architectures,
multiple
into
multifunctional
ordered
extensively
examined.
Third,
examples
structures
created
from
hybrid
nanomaterials
reviewed,
with
distinct
emphasis
on
tailor
nanosensor
designs
specific
operating
environments.
Finally,
we
offer
perspective
future
developments
nanohybrid
materials
nanosensors,
outline
possible
directions
pursued
may
yield
breakthrough
results,
envision
exciting
potential
high-performance
will
cause
disruptive
improvements
field
Science,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
346(6205)
Published: Oct. 2, 2014
Colloidal
nanoparticle
biosensors
have
received
intense
scientific
attention
and
offer
promising
applications
in
both
research
medicine.
We
review
the
state
of
art
development,
surface
chemistry,
biosensing
mechanisms,
discussing
how
a
range
technologies
are
contributing
toward
commercial
clinical
translation.
Recent
examples
success
include
ultrasensitive
detection
cancer
biomarkers
human
serum
vivo
sensing
methyl
mercury.
identify
five
key
materials
challenges,
including
development
robust
mass-scale
synthesis
methods,
broader
use
simulations
bioinformatics-driven
experimental
approaches
for
predictive
modeling
biosensor
performance.
The
resultant
generation
will
form
basis
high-performance
analytical
assays,
effective
multiplexed
intracellular
sensors,
sophisticated
probes.
Clinical Microbiology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
27(3), P. 631 - 646
Published: June 30, 2014
Bacterial
pathogens
are
important
targets
for
detection
and
identification
in
medicine,
food
safety,
public
health,
security.
infection
is
a
common
cause
of
morbidity
mortality
worldwide.
In
spite
the
availability
antibiotics,
these
infections
often
misdiagnosed
or
there
an
unacceptable
delay
diagnosis.
Current
methods
bacterial
rely
upon
laboratory-based
techniques
such
as
cell
culture,
microscopic
analysis,
biochemical
assays.
These
procedures
time-consuming
costly
require
specialist
equipment
trained
users.
Portable
stand-alone
biosensors
can
facilitate
rapid
diagnosis
at
point
care.
Biosensors
will
be
particularly
useful
where
clear
informs
treatment,
critical
illness
(e.g.,
meningitis)
to
prevent
further
disease
spread
case
food-borne
sexually
transmitted
diseases).
Detection
bacteria
also
becoming
increasingly
antibioterrorism
measures
anthrax
detection).
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
progress
use
whole
cells
sensitive
earlier
without
need
sample
processing.
There
particular
focus
on
electrochemical
biosensors,
especially
impedance-based
systems,
present
key
advantages
terms
ease
miniaturization,
lack
reagents,
sensitivity,
low
cost.
BioDrugs,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
34(1), P. 11 - 26
Published: Nov. 4, 2019
Today,
bio-medical
efforts
are
entering
the
subcellular
level,
which
is
witnessed
with
fast-developing
fields
of
nanomedicine,
nanodiagnostics
and
nanotherapy
in
conjunction
implementation
nanoparticles
for
disease
prevention,
diagnosis,
therapy
follow-up.
Nanoparticles
or
nanocontainers
offer
advantages
including
high
sensitivity,
lower
toxicity
improved
safety—characteristics
that
especially
valued
oncology
field.
Cancer
cells
develop
proliferate
complex
microenvironments
leading
to
heterogeneous
diseases,
often
a
fatal
outcome
patient.
Although
antibody-based
widely
used
clinical
care
patients
solid
tumours,
its
efficiency
definitely
needs
improvement.
Limitations
antibodies
result
mainly
from
their
big
size
poor
penetration
tissues.
Nanobodies
novel
unique
class
antigen-binding
fragments,
derived
naturally
occurring
heavy-chain-only
present
serum
camelids.
Their
superior
properties
such
as
small
size,
stability,
strong
affinity,
water
solubility
natural
origin
make
them
suitable
development
into
next-generation
biodrugs.
Less
than
30
years
after
discovery
functional
antibodies,
nanobody
derivatives
already
extensively
by
biotechnology
research
community.
Moreover,
number
nanobodies
under
investigation
wide
spectrum
human
diseases
inflammation,
breast
cancer,
brain
lung
infectious
diseases.
Recently,
caplacizumab,
bivalent
nanobody,
received
approval
European
Medicines
Agency
(EMA)
US
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
treatment
thrombotic
thrombocytopenic
purpura.
Antibodies,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
8(4), P. 55 - 55
Published: Dec. 3, 2019
Antibodies
and
antibody-derived
macromolecules
have
established
themselves
as
the
mainstay
in
protein-based
therapeutic
molecules
(biologics).
Our
knowledge
of
structure–function
relationships
antibodies
provides
a
platform
for
protein
engineering
that
has
been
exploited
to
generate
wide
range
biologics
host
indications.
In
this
review,
our
basic
understanding
antibody
structure
is
described
along
with
how
leveraged
antibody-related
therapeutics
having
appropriate
antigen
affinity,
effector
function,
biophysical
properties.
The
platforms
examined
include
development
antibodies,
fragments,
bispecific
antibody,
fusion
products,
whose
efficacy
manufacturability
can
be
improved
via
humanization,
affinity
modulation,
stability
enhancement.
We
also
review
design
selection
binding
arms,
avidity
modulation.
Different
strategies
preparing
multispecific
an
array
applications
are
included.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
8
Published: Nov. 22, 2017
Monoclonal
antibodies
have
revolutionized
cancer
therapy.
However,
delivery
to
tumor
cells
in
vivo
is
hampered
by
the
large
size
(150
kDa)
of
conventional
antibodies.
The
minimal
target
recognition
module
a
antibody
composed
two
non-covalently
associated
variable
domains
(VH
and
VL).
proper
orientation
these
mediated
their
hydrophobic
interface
stabilized
linkage
disulfide-linked
constant
(CH1
CL).
VH
VL
can
be
fused
via
genetic
linker
into
single
chain
fragment
(scFv).
scFv
modules
turn
one
another,
e.g.
generate
bispecific
T
cell
engager
(BiTE),
or
they
various
orientations
hinge
Fc
bi-
multispecific
inherent
interaction
limits
stability
solubility
engineered
antibodies,
often
causing
aggregation
and/or
mispairing
V-domains.
Nanobodies
(15
nanobody-based
human
heavy
(75
overcome
limitations.
Camelids
naturally
produce
only
chains
which
domain
(VHH
nanobody).
Advantageous
features
nanobodies
include
small
size,
high
solubility,
stability,
excellent
tissue
penetration
vivo.
readily
linked
genetically
Fc-domains,
other
nanobodies,
peptide
tags,
toxins
conjugated
chemically
at
specific
site
drugs,
radionuclides,
photosensitizers,
nanoparticles.
These
properties
make
them
particularly
suited
for
efficient
targeting
tumors
Chimeric
nanobody-heavy
combine
advantageous
about
half
antibody.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
recent
developments
perspectives
applications
as
anti-tumor
therapeutics.