Are social isolation and loneliness associated with cognitive decline in ageing?

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health (immunity, inflammation, etc.) in ageing. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the link between social isolation, (as distinct constructs, contrast previous published work) cognition cognitively healthy older adults.We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Our search, conducted January 2017 April 2021, yielded 2,673 articles, which, twelve longitudinal studies were finally identified as meeting inclusion criteria. Multiple cognitive functions (short-term episodic memory, attention, global functioning) measured.The results showed that both ageing, depression a possible mediator cognition. Some also suggested decline may be bidirectional.We conclude have different impact on While an important decline, lack stimulation greater health.

Language: Английский

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Social Safety Theory: Conceptual foundation, underlying mechanisms, and future directions

Health Psychology Review, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 5 - 59

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human behavior. Although theoretically rich, this work has yielded little consensus led to numerous conceptual, measurement, reproducibility issues. Social Safety Theory aims address these issues by using the primary goal regulatory logic brain immune system as basis for specifying social-environmental situations which systems should respond most strongly maximize reproductive success survival. This analysis gave rise integrated, multi-level formulation described herein, transforms thinking about biology provides a biologically based, evolutionary account why experiences social safety threat related health, well-being, aging, longevity. In doing so, theory advances testable framework investigating biopsychosocial roots disparities well health-relevant crystalize over time perceptions environment interact with childhood microbial environment, birth cohort, culture, air pollution, genetics, sleep, diet, personality, self-harm health. The also highlights several interventions reducing promoting resilience.

Language: Английский

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Non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese population: a scoping review of prevalence, method, risk factors and preventive interventions

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 100794 - 100794

Published: May 26, 2023

Non-suicidal self-injury behavior (NSSI) is a serious public health concern that requires immediate attention. Despite the high prevalence of NSSI among Chinese population, there significant gap in research on comprehensive picture this field. Therefore, scoping review was conducted to investigate prevalence, methods, risk factors, and preventive intervention programs related China. The found estimated lifetime youth population alarmingly at 24.7% (N = 1,088,433). Common methods include scratching, hitting, biting. Additionally, synthesized 249 factors based biopsychosocial-ecological framework, highlighting urgent need for intervention. However, only 12 empirical studies focus prevention or were included. These findings underscore necessity more clinical practices larger identify effective interventions ultimately alleviate burden population.FundingThis supported by Humanity Social Science Youth foundation Ministry Education (22YJCZH018), Technology Innovation 2030 (STI2030-Major Projects: 2021ZD0200702), National Natural Foundation China (81825009), Shuimu Tsinghua Scholar. No funding agencies involved data collection, analysis, writing paper.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in Cortisol Detection: From Conventional Methods to Next-Generation Technologies for Enhanced Hormone Monitoring

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 1666 - 1681

Published: March 29, 2024

The hormone cortisol, released as the end-product of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, has a well-characterized circadian rhythm that enables an allostatic response to external stressors. When pattern secretion is disrupted, cortisol levels are chronically elevated, contributing diseases such heart attacks, strokes, mental health disorders, and diabetes. diagnosis chronic stress related disorders depends upon accurate measurement levels; currently, it quantified using mass spectroscopy or immunoassay, in specialized laboratories with trained personnel. However, these methods time-consuming, expensive unable capture dynamic biorhythm hormone. This critical review traces path detection from traditional laboratory-based decentralised monitoring biosensors. A complete picture biology pathophysiology provided, importance precision medicine style highlighted. Antibody-based immunoassays still dominate pipeline development point-of-care biosensors; new molecules aptamers molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) combined technologies microfluidics, wearable electronics, quantum dots offer improvements limit (LoD), specificity, shift toward rapid continuous measurements. While variety different sensors devices have been proposed, there exists need produce quantitative tests for ─ either can enable personalized approach management. be addressed by synergistic combinations leverage low sample volumes, relevant testing time, better account cortisol's shifting biorhythm. Trends diagnostics hormones highlighted, along insights into choice matrix.

Language: Английский

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Improving Mental Health Services: A 50-Year Journey from Randomized Experiments to Artificial Intelligence and Precision Mental Health

Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 47(5), P. 795 - 843

Published: July 26, 2020

This conceptual paper describes the current state of mental health services, identifies critical problems, and suggests how to solve them. I focus on potential contributions artificial intelligence precision improving services. Toward that end, draw upon my own research, which has changed over last half century, highlight need transform way we conduct services research. identify exemplars from emerging literature approaches treatment in there is an attempt personalize or fit client order produce more effective interventions.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional status, diet and viral respiratory infections: perspectives for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

British Journal Of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 125(8), P. 851 - 862

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Abstract COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised the WHO as a pandemic in 2020. Host preparation to combat virus is an important strategy avoid COVID-19 severity. Thus, relationship between eating habits, nutritional status and their effects on immune response further implications viral infections topic discussed this review. Malnutrition causes most diverse alterations system, suppressing of increasing susceptibility such SARS-CoV-2. On other hand, obesity induces low-grade chronic inflammation excess adiposity, which increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. It decreases favouring SARS-CoV-2 virulence promoting distress syndrome. The present review highlights importance food choices considering inflammatory effects, consequently observed malnutrition obesity. Healthy micronutrients, bioactive compounds probiotics are strategies for prevention. Therefore, diversified balanced diet can contribute improvement COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Experienced discrimination and racial differences in leukocyte gene expression

Psychoneuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 106, P. 277 - 283

Published: April 19, 2019

Language: Английский

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Mental Health and Clinical Psychological Science in the Time of COVID-19: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action

Published: May 13, 2020

COVID-19 presents significant social, economic, and medical challenges. Because has already begun to precipitate huge increases in mental health problems, clinical psychological science must assert a leadership role guiding national response this secondary crisis. In paper, is conceptualized as unique, compounding, multi-dimensional stressor that will create vast need for intervention necessitate new paradigms service delivery training. Urgent challenge areas across developmental periods are discussed, followed by review of symptoms likely increase prevalence require innovative solutions both practice. Implications research directions, approaches, policy issues discussed highlight the opportunities emerge an updated, contemporary field capable addressing burden illness distress wake beyond.

Language: Английский

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The geroscience agenda: Toxic stress, hormetic stress, and the rate of aging

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101167 - 101167

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Geroscience offers a counterpoint to the challenged pursuit of curing diseases aging, by focusing on slowing biological aging process for extended healthspan earlier in life. Remarkable progress has led this field toward animal trials and next challenge lies with translation humans. There is an emerging number small human that can take advantage new models integrating behavioral social factors. Understanding dynamic mechanisms, given powerful determinants (Crimmins, 2020) variability environmental contexts (Moffitt, 2020), will be critical. Behavioral factors are intrinsic aging. Toxic stressors broadly defined lead stress-acceleration either directly impacting processes or shaping poor health, underlie socioeconomic disparities In contrast, hormetic stressors, acute intermittent moderate intensity, produce stress resilience, ability quick recovery possibly rejuvenation cells tissues. Although health research usually examines static biomarkers, reflected recover from challenges pointing interventions targets examining mechanisms. A fuller model incorporating resilience provides innovative biobehavioral interventions, both bolstering response challenges, such as COVID-19, improving healthspan.

Language: Английский

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Are friends electric? The benefits and risks of human-robot relationships

iScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 101993 - 101993

Published: Dec. 26, 2020

Social robots that can interact and communicate with people are growing in popularity for use at home customer-service, education, healthcare settings. Although evidence suggests co-operative emotionally aligned social could benefit users across the lifespan, controversy continues about ethical implications of these devices their potential harms. In this perspective, we explore balance between risk through lens human-robot relationships. We review definitions purposes robots, philosophical psychological status, relate research on human-human human-animal relationships to emerging literature Advocating a relational rather than essentialist view, consider benefits harms arise from different types relationship conclude by considering role researchers understanding societal impacts robotics.

Language: Английский

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