Social Defeat and Psychosis in the United States: A Replication and Critical Reconceptualization DOI
Jacqueline I. Cosse,

Brianna Amos,

Luisa Prout

et al.

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 3, 2025

Abstract Background and Hypothesis The social defeat hypothesis posits that exclusion discrimination experienced by socially marginalized populations predict psychotic experiences (PEs), particularly when perceived as defeatist. However, its emphasis on individual-level factors may obscure the role of structural systemic influences. This is significant for US context, given histories pronounced racism economic inequality. study extends examining established indicators defeat, along with US-specific capture influences individuals’ perceptions Design Data from National Survey Poly-victimization Mental Health (N = 1 584) were analyzed to investigate cross-sectional associations between marginalization self-reported PEs among young adults. Study Results BIPOC participants had 60% higher odds reporting in past year (OR 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27–2.03; P .003). Furthermore, at least experience police violence have 52% 1.52; 1.16–2.00; Several additional associated increased PE, including race (non-White compared White), high-frequency substance use, everyday discrimination, exposure childhood abuse or bullying. Conclusions Findings align European literature, confirming relevance context. prominence (racism, violence) suggests should incorporate influences, emphasizing need interventions addressing societal contributors psychosis risk.

Language: Английский

Racism and Social Determinants of Psychosis DOI Creative Commons
Deidre M. Anglin

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 277 - 302

Published: March 8, 2023

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified racism as a serious threat to public health. Structural is fundamental cause of inequity within interconnected institutions the social environments in which we live develop. This review illustrates how these ethnoracial inequities impact risk extended psychosis phenotype. Black Latinx populations are more likely than White report psychotic experiences United States due determining factors such racial discrimination, food insecurity, police violence. Unless dismantle discriminatory structures, chronic stress biological consequences this race-based trauma will next generation's directly, indirectly through Latina pregnant mothers. Multidisciplinary early interventions show promise improving prognosis, but coordinated care other treatments still need be accessible address racism-specific adversities many people face their neighborhoods environments.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
Ethnoracial Variation in Risk for Psychotic Experiences DOI
Jordan DeVylder, Deidre M. Anglin, Michelle R. Munson

et al.

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 49(2), P. 385 - 396

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract Background & Hypothesis Psychotic disorders are inequitably distributed by race in the United States, although it is not known whether this due to assessment biases or inequitable distributions of risk factors. experiences subclinical hallucinations and delusions used study etiology psychosis, which based on self-report therefore subject potential clinician biases. In study, we test prevalence psychotic (PE) varies if variance explained socioenvironmental Study Design Data demographics, PE, factors were collected through National Survey Poly-victimization Mental Health, a national probability sample US young adults. Logistic regression analyses determine PE varied race/ethnicity and, so, was attenuated with inclusion indicators income, education, urban/rural living, discrimination, trauma exposure. Results Black Hispanic respondents reported at significantly greater rates than White “other” ethnoracial groups, more commonly respondents. associated police violence exposure, adverse childhood experiences, educational attainment. These statistically differences likelihood overall occurrence nearly all subtypes. Conclusions Previously observed racial psychosis extend beyond clinical schizophrenia, therefore, unlikely be entirely Instead, disparities appear driven features structural racism, trauma, discrimination.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Mechanisms Connecting Police Brutality, Intersectionality, and Women’s Health Over the Life Course DOI
Sirry Alang,

Rahwa Haile,

Rachel R. Hardeman

et al.

American Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113(S1), P. S29 - S36

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Police brutality harms women. Structural racism and structural sexism expose women of color to police through 4 interrelated mechanisms: (1) desecration Black womanhood, (2) criminalization communities color, (3) hypersexualization Brown women, (4) vicarious marginalization. We analyze intersectionality as a framework for understanding racial gender determinants brutality, arguing that public health research policy must consider how complex intersections these their contextual specificities shape the impact on racially minoritized recommend scholars measure multiple sources vulnerability policies interventions within contexts intersecting statuses, center life course experiences marginalized assess make Whiteness visible. People who hold power-who benefit from racist sexist systems-must relinquish power reject benefits. Power benefits are what keep oppressive systems such racism, sexism, in place. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S29-S36. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307064).

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Integrating developmental neuroscience with community-engaged approaches to address mental health outcomes for housing-insecure youth: Implications for research, practice, and policy DOI Creative Commons

Jordan C. Foster,

H.R. Hodges,

Anna Beloborodova

et al.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 68, P. 101399 - 101399

Published: June 5, 2024

One in three children the United States is exposed to insecure housing conditions, including unaffordable, inconsistent, and unsafe housing. These exposures have detrimental impacts on youth mental health. Delineating neurobehavioral pathways linking exposure insecurity with children's health has potential inform interventions policy. However, approaching this work, carefully considering lived experiences of families essential translating scientific discovery improve outcomes an equitable representative way. In current paper, we provide introduction range stressful that may face when conditions. Next, highlight findings from early-life stress literature regarding consequences housing, focusing how unpredictability associated neural circuitry supporting cognitive emotional development. We then delineate community-engaged research (CEnR) approaches been leveraged understand effects health, propose future directions integrate developmental neuroscience CEnR maximize impact work. conclude by outlining practice policy recommendations aim

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Police Violence: Reducing the Harms of Policing Through Public Health–Informed Alternative Response Programs DOI

Maren Spolum,

William D. Lopez, Daphne C. Watkins

et al.

American Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 113(S1), P. S37 - S42

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Police violence is a public health issue in need of solutions. Reducing police contact through health–informed alternative response programs separate from law enforcement agencies one strategy to reduce perpetration physical, emotional, and sexual violence. Such may improve outcomes, especially for communities that are disproportionately harmed by the police, such as Black, Latino/a, Native American, transgender communities; nonbinary residents; people who drug users, sex workers, or houseless; experience mental challenges. The use teams increasing across United States. This article provides rationale framework developing implementing informed principles care, equity, prevention. We conclude with recommendations researchers practitioners guide inquiries into policing problem expand programs. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S37–S42. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307107 )

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Causes of Police Officer Career Apprehension Following George Floyd DOI Creative Commons
Michael T. Rossler,

Charles Scheer

Police Quarterly, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 505 - 531

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Police workforce retention has become a persistent managerial concern. The public response to recent events of police misconduct have fuelled the perception that may be seeking other career paths following murder George Floyd in 2020. Despite growing evidence, current research been unable ascertain what conditions prompt officers voluntarily separate from work Floyd’s murder, or whether impact varies across demographic groups. Drawing upon survey over 600 eight departments United States, inquiry examines percent reported reconsidering their incident, and information occupational attitudes could predict reconsidered careers. Findings indicated female were more likely strongly agree it made them reconsider careers, instrumental concerns (i.e., support, personal liability, localized fallout, concern media attention) also influential.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Sleep Problems Among Black Youth Exposed to Police Violence on Digital Media DOI
Dylan B. Jackson, Rebecca L. Fix, Alexander Testa

et al.

The Journal of Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 114036 - 114036

Published: March 28, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Policing Stress, Burnout, and Mental Health in a Wake of Rapidly Changing Policies DOI
Rebecca L. Fix, Zachary A. Powell

Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(2), P. 370 - 382

Published: April 22, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Officer gunpoint during police stops: Repercussions for youth mental health and perceived safety DOI
Dylan B. Jackson, Rebecca L. Fix, Daniel C. Semenza

et al.

Journal of Research on Adolescence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 1679 - 1687

Published: July 18, 2024

Abstract Youth‐police contact is increasingly acknowledged as a stressor and racialized adverse childhood experience that can undermine youths' mental health. The present study investigates particularly distressing feature of direct witnessed in‐person police stops—officer gunpoint (i.e., officers drawing firearms pointing them at youth, their peers, or other community members). We examine patterns officer exposure associations with youth health safety perceptions. Data come from the Survey Police‐Adolescent Contact Experiences (SPACE), cross‐sectional survey community‐based sample Black ages 12–21 in Baltimore City, Maryland ( n = 335), administered August 2022 to July 2023. Findings indicate ~33% reporting stops had been exposed during stops. Officer was significantly positively associated being male, unemployed, having an incarcerated parent, living neighborhood greater disorder, directly stopped by police, addition delinquency impulsivity. Net covariates, experiencing higher rate emotional distress Significant between current violence stress, avoidance, diminished perceptions also emerged were largely explained heightened time Trauma‐informed approaches are needed mitigate harms gunpoint.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Saying more than her name: Characterizing fatal police violence against Black women & girls in the US, 2000–2019 DOI Creative Commons
Jé Judson,

Kene Orakwue,

Sirry Alang

et al.

SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6, P. 100470 - 100470

Published: July 26, 2024

Black women and girls (BWGs) face an elevated risk of being killed by police, yet few studies have focused on the proximal factors increasing their exposure to these deadly encounters. This paper elucidates determinants features fatal police encounters with BWGs over a 20-year period. We examined (1) initial cause contact, (2) how encounter unfolded escalated fatality, (3) trends in salient each case transpired. Using Fatal Encounters database, we identified 573 between 2000 2019. qualitative descriptive approach, leveraged descriptions triangulated news articles, reports, legal documents, other texts about decedents determine what happened case, why, effect. While many were precipitated alleged criminal activity, significant number due minor violations, public health crises, domestic violence. Moreover, most not target activity that ultimately them, deaths came as collateral damage from aggressive policing others. As US continues grapple role community safety, this work complicates understanding operate impact communities, raising questions effectively address root causes beyond carceral punitive frameworks.

Language: Английский

Citations

4