Smart micro- and nanorobots for water purification

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 236 - 251

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Language: Английский

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Self-folding soft-robotic chains with reconfigurable shapes and functionalities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 7, 2023

Magnetic continuum soft robots can actively steer their tip under an external magnetic field, enabling them to effectively navigate in complex vivo environments and perform minimally invasive interventions. However, the geometries functionalities of these robotic tools are limited by inner diameter supporting catheter as well natural orifices access ports human body. Here, we present a class soft-robotic chains (MaSoChains) that self-fold into large assemblies with stable configurations using combination elastic energies. By pushing pulling MaSoChain relative its sheath, repeated assembly disassembly programmable shapes functions achieved. MaSoChains compatible state-of-the-art navigation technologies provide many desirable features difficult realize through existing surgical tools. This strategy be further customized implemented for wide spectrum

Language: Английский

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Advanced materials for micro/nanorobotics

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(18), P. 9190 - 9253

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Autonomous micro/nanorobots capable of performing programmed missions are at the forefront next-generation micromachinery. These small robotic systems predominantly constructed using functional components sourced from micro- and nanoscale materials; therefore, combining them with various advanced materials represents a pivotal direction toward achieving higher level intelligence multifunctionality. This review provides comprehensive overview for innovative micro/nanorobotics, focusing on five families that have witnessed most rapid advancements over last decade: two-dimensional materials, metal-organic frameworks, semiconductors, polymers, biological cells. Their unique physicochemical, mechanical, optical, properties been integrated into to achieve greater maneuverability, programmability, intelligence, multifunctionality in collective behaviors. The design fabrication methods hybrid discussed based material categories. In addition, their promising potential powering motion and/or (multi-)functionality is described fundamental principles underlying explained. Finally, extensive use variety applications, including environmental remediation, (bio)sensing, therapeutics,

Language: Английский

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Modeling Active Colloids: From Active Brownian Particles to Hydrodynamic and Chemical Fields

Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 109 - 127

Published: Oct. 21, 2022

Active colloids are self-propelled particles moving in viscous fluids by consuming fuel from their surroundings. Here, we review the numerical and theoretical modeling of active propelled self-generated near-surface flows. We start with generic model an Brownian particle taking into account potential forces effective pairwise interaction, which include hydrodynamic phoretic interactions. Also, squirmer as a microswimmer is introduced. then discuss explicit fluid flow full hydrodynamic-chemical coupling. Finally, recent advances selected topics used to study motion crowded complex environments, microrheology baths, colloidal engines, adaptive responses help machine learning techniques, well effects colloid inertia.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Helical Nanorobots Capable of Cell Membrane Penetration for Single Cell Targeted SERS Bio‐Sensing and Photothermal Cancer Therapy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(30)

Published: May 8, 2022

Abstract Penetration of cell membrane at micro/nano‐scale with untethered probe is great scientific significance, yet still challenging. Here, a carbon nanocoil based magnetic nanorobot, which can precisely target single and perform penetration, reported. The nanorobots are as‐synthesized by chemical vapor deposition high yield, followed physical Ni Au nanofilms. Rotating electromagnetic fields used to steer the navigate following any pre‐designed path. helical realize mechanical perforation plasma even nuclear envelope precise position subcellular level. With aid externally deposited nanofilm, surface enhanced Raman scattering bio‐sensing signals be collected from cellular nucleus. Furthermore, demonstrate capability efficient photothermal therapy against targeted cancer cells serve as an integrated theranostic platform, providing promising prospects in future precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Untethered unidirectionally crawling gels driven by asymmetry in contact forces

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(73)

Published: Dec. 14, 2022

Reversible thermoresponsive hydrogels, which swell and shrink (deswell) in the temperature range of 30° to 60°C, provide an attractive material class for operating untethered soft robots human physiological ambient conditions. Crawling has been demonstrated previously with hydrogels but required patterned or constrained gels substrates break symmetry unidirectional motion. Here, we demonstrate a locomotion mechanism unidirectionally crawling driven by spontaneous asymmetries contact forces during swelling deswelling segmented active poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) passive polyacrylamide (pAAM) bilayers suspended linkers. Actuation studies consistent movement these gel crawlers across multiple thermal cycles on flat, unpatterned substrates. We explain using finite element simulations varying experimental parameters such as linker stiffness number bilayer segments. elucidate design criteria validate experiments image analysis models. anticipate that this could potentially be applied other shape-changing locomotors.

Language: Английский

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Artificial microtubules for rapid and collective transport of magnetic microcargoes

Nature Machine Intelligence, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 678 - 684

Published: July 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microscopic robots with onboard digital control

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(70)

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Autonomous robots-systems where mechanical actuators are guided through a series of states by information processing units to perform predesigned function-are expected revolutionize everything from health care transportation. Microscopic robots poised for similar revolution in fields medicine environmental remediation. A key hurdle developing these microscopic is the integration systems, particularly electronics fabricated at commercial foundries, with microactuators. Here, we develop such an process and build controlled onboard complementary metal oxide semiconductor electronics. The resulting autonomous, untethered 100 250 micrometers size, powered light, walk speeds greater than 10 per second. In addition, demonstrate robot that can respond optical command. This work paves way ubiquitous autonomous complex functions, their environments, communicate outside world.

Language: Английский

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Micro/Nanorobotic Swarms: From Fundamentals to Functionalities

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(14), P. 12971 - 12999

Published: July 11, 2023

Swarms, which stem from collective behaviors among individual elements, are commonly seen in nature. Since two decades ago, scientists have been attempting to understand the principles of natural swarms and leverage them for creating artificial swarms. To date, underlying physics; techniques actuation, navigation, control; field-generation systems; a research community now place. This Review reviews fundamental applications micro/nanorobotic The generation mechanisms emergent micro/nanoagents identified over past elucidated. advantages drawbacks different techniques, existing control systems, major challenges, potential prospects discussed.

Language: Английский

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Reconfigurable Liquid‐Bodied Miniature Machines: Magnetic Control and Microrobotic Applications

Advanced Intelligent Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: May 24, 2023

Soft miniature machines demonstrate multimodal actuation and morphology change capabilities in narrow spaces smaller than their dimension. The wirelessly controlled soft‐bodied features make them promising candidates for microrobotic manipulation targeted operation a noninvasive manner. Liquid‐bodied machine offers an ultrasoft body with extreme deformability owing to its fluid nature, enabling adaptive navigation smooth contact objects environmental restrictions. Over the last decade of development, significant research progress has been achieved controlling liquid‐bodied diverse applications. Herein, overview recent results magnetic control methods applications is provided. Considering mechanisms application challenges, ferrofluid‐based, liquid metal‐based, marble‐based are mainly discussed brief discussion on droplet‐based machines. connection between highlighted detailed analysis machine–object machine–environment interactions. current challenges opportunities outlined, aiming at designing intelligent machine‐based systems promoting development small‐scale robotics.

Language: Английский

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