Human impacts outpace natural processes in the Amazon

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(6630)

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Amazonian environments are being degraded by modern industrial and agricultural activities at a pace far above anything previously known, imperiling its vast biodiversity reserves globally important ecosystem services. The most substantial threats come from regional deforestation, because of export market demands, global climate change. Amazon is currently perched to transition rapidly largely forested nonforested landscape. These changes happening much too for species, peoples, ecosystems respond adaptively. Policies prevent the worst outcomes known must be enacted immediately. We now need political will leadership act on this information. To fail biosphere, we our peril.

Language: Английский

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Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(2)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Landscape dynamics are widely thought to govern the tempo and mode of continental radiations, yet effects river network rearrangements on dispersal lineage diversification remain poorly understood. We integrated an unprecedented occurrence dataset 4,967 species with a newly compiled, time-calibrated phylogeny South American freshwater fishes—the most species-rich vertebrate fauna Earth—to track evolutionary processes associated hydrogeographic events over 100 Ma. Net was heterogeneous through time, across space, among clades. Five abrupt shifts in net rates occurred during Paleogene Miocene (between 30 7 Ma) association major landscape evolution events. accelerated from Recent (c. 20 0 Ma), Western Amazonia having highest situ diversification, which led it being important source dispersing other regions. All regional biotic interchanges were documented formation biogeographic corridors, including Early 23 16 uplift Serra do Mar da Mantiqueira Late 10 Northern Andes modern transcontinental Amazon River. The combination high extensive interchange yielded its extraordinary contemporary richness phylogenetic endemism. Our results support hypothesis that dynamics, shaped history drainage basin connections, strongly affected assembly basin-wide fish faunas.

Language: Английский

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Drainage divide migration and implications for climate and biodiversity

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(3), P. 177 - 192

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Fishes of the upper rio Paraná basin: diversity, biogeography and conservation

Neotropical Ichthyology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The upper rio Paraná basin drains the most developed and environmentally degraded region in South America: Brazilian southeast. While it is one of well-known Neotropical fish assemblages, also threatened by anthropic activity. Urbanization, deforestation, dam construction, invasive species, water pollution not only reduce living area species but alter our perception its biotic elements. Such changes are so profound pervasive that raise uncertainties about native or non-native status several species. This paper aims to offer a detailed picture diversity historical biogeography fishes basin, which we hope will solid foundation for future conservation policies. We update list analyze geographical distributions, identify biogeographical patterns, emphasizing areas requiring recognition as distinct biotas efforts. Over past 15 years, more than 100 additional have been described recorded, expanding total 341 belonging six orders 30 families, making richest river Brazil outside Amazonian region. Unlike neotropical basins where Characidae dominates, loricariids make up nearly one-fourth Species clades concentrate central while endemics confined peripheral due complex history shared with neighboring basins. Eighteen regions identified, discussing their composition, histories, implications. has 10% fauna ranked endangered present 128 including three hybrids. places major drainage largest number taxa neotropics at same time numerous Existing protected deemed ineffective preserving diverse assemblages fail safeguard majority narrowly-endemic

Language: Английский

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The latitudinal taxonomy gradient

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(9), P. 778 - 786

Published: May 31, 2021

Language: Английский

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Accelerated Diversification Explains the Exceptional Species Richness of Tropical Characoid Fishes

Systematic Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 71(1), P. 78 - 92

Published: June 4, 2021

Abstract The Neotropics harbor the most species-rich freshwater fish fauna on planet, but timing of that exceptional diversification remains unclear. Did accumulate species steadily throughout their long history, or attain remarkable diversity recently? Biologists have debated relative support for these museum and cradle hypotheses, few phylogenies megadiverse tropical clades included sufficient taxa to distinguish between them. We used 1288 ultraconserved element loci spanning 293 species, 211 genera, 21 families characoid fishes reconstruct a new, fossil-calibrated phylogeny infer likely scenario clade includes third Neotropical diversity. This implies paraphyly traditional delimitation Characiformes because it resolves largely Characoidei as sister lineage Siluriformes (catfishes), rather than African Citharinodei. Time-calibrated indicate an ancient origin major lineages reveal much more recent emergence species. Diversification rate analyses increased speciation decreased extinction rates during Oligocene at around 30 Ma period mega-wetland formation in proto-Orinoco-Amazonas. Three ecomorphologically diverse (Anostomidae, Serrasalmidae, Characidae) originated 60 Paleocene experienced particularly notable bursts now account collectively 68% approximately 2150 Characoidei. In addition paleogeographic changes, we discuss potential accelerants three lineages. While accumulated ago, this geologically dynamic region also cradled birth species-level [Biodiversity; Characiformes; macroevolution; Neotropics; phylogenomics; elements.]

Language: Английский

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Ecosystem services generated by Neotropical freshwater fishes

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 850(12-13), P. 2903 - 2926

Published: Sept. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Evolution of Amazonian biodiversity: A review

Acta Amazonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(spe1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Amazonia (defined herein as the Amazon basin) is home to greatest concentration of biodiversity on Earth, providing unique genetic resources and ecological functions that contribute ecosystem services globally. The lengthy complex evolutionary history this region has produced heterogeneous landscapes riverscapes at multiple scales, altered geographic connections among populations, impacted rates adaptation, speciation, extinction. In turn, ecologically diverse Amazonian biotas promoted further diversification, species coexistence, coevolution, with accumulating over tens millions years. Important events in included: (i) late Cretaceous early Paleogene origin major rainforest plant animal groups; (ii) Eocene-Oligocene global cooling rainforests contracting tropical latitudes separating Atlantic coastal rainforests; (iii) Miocene uplift central northern Andes separated Pacific rainforests, spurred formation mega-wetlands western Amazon, contributed modern transcontinental River; (iv) Neogene Panamanian Isthmus facilitated Great American Biotic Interchange; (v) Pleistocene climate oscillations followed by Pleistocene-Holocene human colonization megafaunal extinctions; (vi) era widespread anthropogenic deforestation, defaunation, transformations regional climates. conservation requires decade-scale investments into documentation monitoring leverage existing scientific capacity, strategic habitat planning allow continuity processes now future.

Language: Английский

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Integrating Historical biogeography and Pliocene climate fluctuation to Unraveling the evolution of Tigris-Euphrates drainage basin through widespread freshwater Barbinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Inland Waters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 29

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sentinels of environmental change: shifts in fish diversity through the lens of artisanal fishers

Neotropical Ichthyology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract River regulation has caused significant shifts in fish diversity, with severe impacts on small-scale artisanal fisheries, which depend fishing resources for income, employment and food security. This study investigated how fishers perceive changes diversity response to river regulation, considering four facets: (i) abundance, (ii) species records, (iii) capture patterns, (iv) most valued fish. Between August October 2018, we conducted systematic interviews 30 that operate the area impounded by Lajeado Dam (middle Tocantins River). Fishers mentioned 60 common names of fish, totaling 51 independent ethnospecies. According fishers, non-migratory fishes flourished reservoir, while migratory declined. nine taxa appeared area, 20 disappeared, mainly large catfishes. Fishery catches before were composed characids catfishes, landings reservoir mid-sized also reported composition These results expand evidence identify major following demonstrating they can act as permanent sentinels environmental change degradation.

Language: Английский

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