Fatty acid synthase 2 contributes to diapause preparation in a beetle by regulating lipid accumulation and stress tolerance genes expression

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2017

Abstract Diapause, also known as dormancy, is a state of arrested development that allows insects to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Diapause-destined store large amounts fat when preparing for diapause. However, the extent which these accumulated reserves influence diapause remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated function fatty acid synthase (FAS ), plays central role in lipid synthesis, stress tolerance, duration preparation, and whether enter or not. In diapause-destined adult female cabbage beetles, Colaphellus bowringi, FAS2 was more highly expressed than FAS1 at peak stage preparation. knockdown suppressed accumulation subsequently affected tolerance genes expression water content. silencing had no significant effects on preparation incidence transcription by juvenile hormone (JH) JH receptor methoprene-tolerant (Met ). These results suggest absence JH-Met induces expression, thereby promoting storage beetles. demonstrate regulate content, but have effect

Language: Английский

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Mosquitoes (Culicidae)

Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 261 - 325

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Culicidae, the mosquito family, is comprised of 41 recognized genera incorporating about 3,500 species, many which are vectors disease pathogens that have afflicted humans and domestic animals for centuries, with devastating consequences tens millions people. These include well-known human diseases malaria, filariasis, encephalitis, yellow fever, dengue, but there others medical or veterinary importance. Complicating matters, shared wild animal reservoirs. In addition, mosquitoes annoying, cause allergic reactions, significant blood loss when they occur in large numbers, due to their bites alone. As a group, live almost every conceivable environment where water occurs, necessity larval development. They undergo complete metamorphosis within water, adults winged capable extensive flight diverse activities on land. Only females ingest blood, use develop eggs, both sexes feed plant sugar. Females most species primarily animals, only few dedicated human-feeders. For some, blood-feeding either optional altogether lacking, eggs developed autogenously. The methods used depressing populations disrupting pathogen transmission quite diverse, including drug treatment, habitat modification, bed nets, insecticides, predators pathogens, sterile release, genetic manipulation. control continue be active fields research.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Climatic and Density Dependent Factors in Shaping Mosquito Population Dynamics: The Case of Culex pipiens in Northwestern Italy

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. e0154018 - e0154018

Published: April 22, 2016

Culex pipiens mosquito is a species widely spread across Europe and represents competent vector for many arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV), which has been recently circulating in European countries, causing hundreds of human cases. In order to identify the main determinants high heterogeneity Cx. abundance observed Piedmont region (Northwestern Italy) among different seasons, we developed density-dependent stochastic model that takes explicitly into account role played by temperature, affects both developmental mortality rates life stages. The was calibrated with Markov chain Monte Carlo approach exploring likelihood recorded capture data gathered study area from 2000 2011; this way, disentangled seasonal eco-climatic factors shaping abundance. Illustrative simulations have performed forecast likely changes if temperature or density–dependent inputs would change. Our analysis suggests inter-seasonal differences dynamics are largely driven temporal patterns seasonal-specific larval carrying capacities. Specifically, temperatures during early spring hasten onset breeding season increase population period, while, summer can decrease size increasing adult mortality. Higher densities mosquitoes associated higher capacities, positively correlated precipitations. Finally, an capacity expected proportionally

Language: Английский

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Genetic dissection of stress-induced reproductive arrest in Drosophila melanogaster females

PLoS Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. e1007434 - e1007434

Published: June 11, 2018

By genetic manipulations, we study the roles played by insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in brain and their target, corpora allata (CA), for reproductive dormancy female Drosophila melanogaster, which is induced exposing them to a combination of low temperature (11°C), short-day photoperiod (10L:14D) starvation (water only) 7 days immediately after eclosion (dormancy-inducing conditions). Artificial inactivation IPCs promotes, whereas artificial activation impedes, induction dormancy. A transcriptional reporter assay reveals that IPC activity reduced when flies are exposed dormancy-inducing conditions. The sensitivity lost pigment-dispersing factor (pdf), but not cry, mutants, suggesting light input mediated pdf-expressing neurons. Genetic manipulations upregulate downregulate insulin signaling CA, pair endocrine organs synthesize juvenile hormone (JH), decrease increase incidence dormancy, respectively. These results demonstrate IPC-CA axis constitutes key regulatory pathway

Language: Английский

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Effect of overwintering on survival and vector competence of the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens

Parasites & Vectors, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 27, 2019

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne that mainly transmitted among birds by Culex pipiens mosquitoes. The species Cx. consists of two biotypes named and molestus, which together can form hybrids. One the major distinctions between their overwintering behaviour. Adults biotype diapause during winter, whereas molestus remains actively blood-feeding. Diapausing may affect survival vector competence pipiens. aims this study were therefore to identify composition diapausing mosquitoes, quantify throughout autumn winter months, determine effects on emerging mosquitoes for WNV.Diapausing collected at typical locations in Netherlands. A selection was identified using real-time PCR. Survival monitored placing cages with either field-collected or laboratory-reared females houses sheds. Vector (diapausing) (non-diapausing) determined gain insight effect WNV transmission.The majority (92%) as More than 70% able survive more four months sheds, resulted 100% mortality same period. In contrast, non-diapausing reared laboratory died within week both had diapaused comparable mosquitoes.This confirms site belongs biotype. It shows two-third under sheltered conditions. Finally, emerge from sites not affected relatively old age.

Language: Английский

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