Insect Diapause

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation changes and enactment mechanisms for bringing development halt then reinitiating it when inimical season is past. The dormant state diapause serves bridge unfavourable seasons, its timing provides powerful mechanism synchronizing development. book explores how signals are monitored used by insects enact specific molecular pathways that generate phenotype. broad perspective offered here scales from ecological thus comprehensive view this exciting vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change disease transmission, human health, as well analogies with other forms invertebrate dormancy mammalian hibernation.

Language: Английский

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Metabolism and growth adaptation to environmental conditions in Drosophila

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(22), P. 4523 - 4551

Published: May 24, 2020

Organisms adapt to changing environments by adjusting their development, metabolism, and behavior improve chances of survival reproduction. To achieve such flexibility, organisms must be able sense respond changes in external environmental conditions internal state. Metabolic adaptation response altered nutrient availability is key maintaining energy homeostasis sustaining developmental growth. Furthermore, variables exert major influences on growth final adult body size animals. This plasticity depends adaptive responses state cues that are essential for processes. Genetic studies have shown the fruit fly Drosophila, similarly mammals, regulates its growth, environment through several hormones including insulin, peptides with glucagon-like function, steroid hormones. Here we review emerging evidence showing various sensed different organs that, via inter-organ communication, relay information neuroendocrine centers control insulin signaling. focuses endocrine regulation highlighting recent advances role system as a signaling hub integrates inputs drives responses.

Language: Английский

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Insect Behavior and Physiological Adaptation Mechanisms Under Starvation Stress

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 4, 2019

Intermittent food shortages are commonly encountered in the wild. During winter or starvation stress, mammals often choose to hibernate while insects—in form of eggs, mature larvae, pupae, adults opt enter diapause. In response shortages, insects may try find sufficient maintain normal growth and metabolism through distribution populations even migration. face hunger starvation, insect responses can include changes behavior and/or maintenance a low metabolic rate physiological adaptations regulation. For instance, order homeostasis blood sugar, trehalose under other sugars be transformed sustain basic energy metabolism. Furthermore, as severity increases, lipids (especially triglycerides) broken down improve resistance. Starvation stress simultaneously initiates series neural signals hormone regulation processes insects. These involve neurons neuropeptides, immunity-related genes, levels autophagy, heat shock proteins juvenile which lower activity. This work focuses on reviews its effects behavior, reserve utilization, summary, we highlight diversity adaptive strategies provides potential ideas resistance cold storage development natural enemy gist literature also broadens our understanding factors that dictate phenotypic plasticity adjusting life histories around nutritionally optimal environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Model and Non-model Insects in Chronobiology

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 26, 2020

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established model organism in chronobiology, because genetic manipulation and breeding the laboratory are easy. circadian clock neuroanatomy D. one of best-known networks insects basic behavior has been characterized detail this insect. Another chronobiology honey bee Apis mellifera , which diurnal foraging described already early twentieth century. A. hallmarks research on interplay between sociality complex behaviors like sun compass navigation time-place-learning. Nevertheless, there aspects structure function, for example role photoperiodism diapause, can be only insufficiently investigated these two models. Unlike high-latitude flies such as Chymomyza costata or ezoana cosmopolitan do not display a photoperiodic diapause. Similarly, bees go into “real” but most solitary species exhibit obligatory Furthermore, evolved different Hymenoptera independently, wherefore it might misleading to study social Consequently, additional non-model required understand Diptera Hymenoptera. In review, we introduce compare them with other show their advantages limitations general models insect clocks.

Language: Английский

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Dietary restriction and insulin‐like signalling pathways as adaptive plasticity: A synthesis and re‐evaluation

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 107 - 128

Published: July 23, 2019

Abstract Dietary restriction (DR) under laboratory conditions generally extends life span and delays ageing across species as diverse yeast, nematode worms, flies mice, is underpinned by taxonomically conserved physiological pathways, notably the insulin‐like signalling pathway (IIS). Despite growing excitement about links between DR/IIS within biogerontology, our understanding of why DR response associated pathways evolved natural selection remains controversial limited. Here, we provide a brief overview current relationship IIS from modern biogerontology go on to summarize evidence that integrates range important environmental cues including photoperiod, temperature humidity, well nutrition. We discuss main existing evolutionary explanations for argue they are not mutually exclusive too nutrition‐focussed fully explain origin pathway. In wild, pressures dynamic multivariate, capable integrating multiple predictive could be strongly favoured selection. hypothesize related such mTOR, detect integrate wide (not just diet) selective in wild. Available suggests triggering phenotypic responses, depending provided, ranging profound remodelling (e.g. diapause, aestivation, hibernation) with promoting survival through challenging environments, more subtle responses acute, fine‐scale variation environment which may allow individuals better match their level reproductive investment conditions. underpins adaptive plastic inputs, diet one. A multi‐disciplinary approach combining perspectives methods cell biology, ecology biology will essential develop origins this way have shaped pathway's different cues. free Plain Language Summary can found Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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EYES ABSENT and TIMELESS integrate photoperiodic and temperature cues to regulate seasonal physiology in Drosophila

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(26), P. 15293 - 15304

Published: June 15, 2020

Organisms possess photoperiodic timing mechanisms to detect variations in day length and temperature as the seasons progress. The nature of molecular interpreting signaling these environmental changes elicit downstream neuroendocrine physiological responses are just starting emerge. Here, we demonstrate that, Drosophila melanogaster, EYES ABSENT (EYA) acts a seasonal sensor by trigger appropriate responses. We observed that tissue-specific genetic manipulation eya expression is sufficient disrupt ability flies sense cues, thereby altering extent female reproductive dormancy. Specifically, EYA proteins, which peak at night short photoperiod accumulate higher levels cold, promote dormancy D. melanogaster Furthermore, provide evidence indicating role photoperiodism sensing aided stabilizing action light-sensitive circadian clock protein TIMELESS (TIM). postulate increased stability level TIM under together with production cold-induced light-insensitive isoforms facilitate accumulation winter conditions. This supported our observations tim null mutants exhibit reduced incidence simulated conditions, while overexpressing show an even long photoperiod.

Language: Английский

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The neuropeptide allatostatin C from clock-associated DN1p neurons generates the circadian rhythm for oogenesis

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(4)

Published: Jan. 21, 2021

Significance Metazoan species optimize the timing of reproduction to maximize fitness. To understand how biological clocks direct reproduction, we investigated neural substrates that produce oogenesis rhythms in genetically amenable model organism Drosophila melanogaster . The neuropeptide allatostatin C (AstC) is an insect counterpart vertebrate somatostatin, which suppresses gonadotropin production. A subset brain circadian pacemaker neurons produces AstC. We have uncovered these clock-associated AstC generate rhythm via insulin-producing cells and juvenile hormone. Identification a conserved pathway links female clock offers insight into molecular mechanisms reproductive timing.

Language: Английский

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Recovery from cold-induced reproductive dormancy is regulated by temperature-dependent AstC signaling

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(6), P. 1362 - 1375.e8

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Seasonal cues act through the circadian clock and pigment-dispersing factor to control EYES ABSENT and downstream physiological changes

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 675 - 687.e5

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Female reproductive dormancy in Drosophila is regulated by DH31-producing neurons projecting into the corpus allatum

Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 150(10)

Published: May 15, 2023

ABSTRACT Female insects can enter reproductive diapause, a state of suspended egg development, to conserve energy under adverse environments. In many insects, including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, also frequently called dormancy, is induced low-temperature and short-day conditions by downregulation juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis in corpus allatum (CA). this study, we demonstrate that neuropeptide Diuretic 31 (DH31) produced brain neurons project into CA plays an essential role regulating dormancy suppressing JH adult D. melanogaster. The expresses gene encoding DH31 receptor, which required for DH31-triggered elevation intracellular cAMP CA. Knocking down Dh31 these CA-projecting or receptor suppresses decrease titer, normally observed dormancy-inducing conditions, leading abnormal yolk accumulation ovaries. Our findings provide first molecular genetic evidence demonstrating peptidergic play biosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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