Global impoverishment of natural vegetation revealed by dark diversity

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Anthropogenic biodiversity decline threatens the functioning of ecosystems and many benefits they provide to humanity1. As well as causing species losses in directly affected locations, human influence might also reduce relatively unmodified vegetation if far-reaching anthropogenic effects trigger local extinctions hinder recolonization. Here we show that plant diversity is globally negatively related level activity surrounding region. Impoverishment natural was evident only when considered community completeness: proportion all suitable region are present at a site. To estimate completeness, compared number recorded with dark diversity-ecologically absent from site but region2. In sampled regions minimal footprint index, an average 35% were locally, less than 20% highly regions. Besides having potential uncover overlooked threats biodiversity, provides guidance for nature conservation. Species remain regionally present, their populations be restored through measures improve connectivity between fragments population persistence.

Language: Английский

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Life Cycle Assessment on Agricultural Production: A Mini Review on Methodology, Application, and Challenges

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(16), P. 9817 - 9817

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Agricultural Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an effective tool for the quantitative evaluation and analysis of agricultural materials production operation activities in various stages system. Based on concept life cycle, it comprehensively summarizes impact agriculture environment, which to promote sustainability green development agriculture. In recent years, LCA has been widely used agroecosystem resource environmental impacts analysis. However, some challenges still exist LCA, i.e., assessment index system needs be improved; its application different mode limited; combination research with other models more attention. This paper discusses above-mentioned recommends priorities both scientific improvements practical implementation. summary, further needed construct a regional heterogeneity database develop innovated methodologies meaningful functional units products complement by models. These efforts will make robust support decision making from individual farm or (inter)national sustainable future

Language: Английский

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Mapping Industrial Influences on Earth's Ecology

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 289 - 317

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

As anthropogenic transformation of Earth's ecology accelerates, and its impacts on the sustainability humanity rest nature become more obvious, geographers other researchers are leveraging an abundance spatial data to map how industrialization is transforming biosphere. This review examines methodologies used create such maps they have enhanced our understanding societies can abate biodiversity loss, mitigate climate change, achieve global goals. Although there been great advances over past two decades in mapping industrial transformations across planet, field still infancy. We outline future research directions better understand biosphere utility integrating socioeconomic, ecological, biodiversity, explore inform potential pathways human-driven social-ecological change.

Language: Английский

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Microbial contribution to the carbon flux in the soil: A literature review

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Carbon flows into and out of the soil are important processes that contribute to controlling global climate. The relationship between organisms climate is interdependent since carbon greenhouse gas fluxes simultaneously affected by change management. Temperature, moisture, pH, nutrient level, redox potential organic matter quality key elements affecting microorganisms involved in soil. Climate, topography (slope position landscape), texture, mineralogy land-use regulate those and, thus, C pedosphere. Soil microbes can increase influx storage promoting plant growth, mycorrhizal establishment, particle aggregation. Conversely, efflux from via methanogenesis, rhizospheric activity, mineralization. Nevertheless, strategies management practices could be used balance emissions atmosphere. For example, stimulated growth microorganisms, greater diversity crop rotation cover crops, cultivating mycotrophic plants, avoiding or reducing use fungicides adopting farming, no-tillage systems conservative strategies. Therefore, this review aimed shed light on how influxes soil, its significance for change. Then, we also seek gather practical actions proposed scientific literature improve sequestration In summary, provides a comprehensive basis as helpers lessen increasing fixation agroecosystems stimulation application beneficial microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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Livestock increasingly drove global agricultural emissions growth from 1910–2015

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 024011 - 024011

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract Emissions from agricultural activities constitute 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are hard to abate. Here, we present analyze a consistent empirical assessment 1910–2015. Agricultural increased 3.5-fold 1910–2015, 1.9 6.7 GtCO 2 eq yr −1 . CH 4 emissions, enteric fermentation livestock products contributed the highest fractions by gases, processes, products, respectively. A decomposition analysis quantifies contribution major drivers dynamics. It reveals that globally across entire period, changes in population, production per capita (‘output’), regional distribution (‘regional mix’), composition final (‘product mix’, i.e. shift towards production) all increasing emissions. Conversely, declining unit (‘emissions intensity’), particularly for livestock, partly counterbalanced increase. Significant variations prevail regions time periods. Most notably, counteracted increase 1910–1950, but growing has become an increasingly important driver growth more recent This finding unravels increases offset improvements intensity industrial intensification. Our findings underscore large potential reducing consumption mitigating climate impacts agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Temperature, moisture and freeze–thaw controls on CO2 production in soil incubations from northern peatlands

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract Peat accumulation in high latitude wetlands represents a natural long-term carbon sink, resulting from the cumulative excess of growing season net ecosystem production over non-growing (NGS) mineralization soils. With latitudes experiencing warming at faster pace than global average, especially during NGS, major concern is that enhanced soil organic will steadily increase CO 2 emissions northern peatlands. In this study, we conducted laboratory incubations with soils boreal and temperate peatlands across Canada. were pretreated for different moisture levels, rates measured 12 sequential temperatures, covering range − 10 to + 35 °C including one freeze–thaw event. On peat samples increased more sharply temperature samples. For same temperature, optimum levels higher flooded sites. However, standard reaction kinetics (e.g., Q coefficient Arrhenius equation) failed account apparent lack dependence below 0 °C, sudden after freezing Thus, caution against using simple kinetic expressions represent peatlands, regarding long NGS period multiple freeze thaw events.

Language: Английский

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Optimization of Spatial Pattern of Land Use: Progress, Frontiers, and Prospects

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 5805 - 5805

Published: May 10, 2022

Due to high-intensity human disturbance and rapid climate change, optimizing the spatial pattern of land use has become a pivotal path restoring ecosystem functions realizing sustainable development human–land relationships. This review uses literature analysis method combined with CiteSpace determine current research progress frontiers, challenges, directions for further improvement in this field. The main conclusions include following: (a) on optimization transformed from description orientation ecological restoration orientation. Its paradigm changed function well-being; (b) frontier mainly includes that takes into account unity structure functional attributes, mechanism feedback effect change land, theoretical framework model construction simulation prediction based multiple disciplines fields, adaptive management context change; (c) we integrate landscape ecology service flows develop an “element sets–network structure–system functions–human well-being” conceptual model. We also propose strengthening future innovation, spatiotemporal selection, causal emergence mechanism, transformation threshold, uncertainty. provide innovative ideas achieving systems territorial planning aim improving adaptability optimization. is expected strengthen ability cope security risks.

Language: Английский

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Uncovering the Holocene roots of contemporary disease-scapes: bringing archaeology into One Health

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2012)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

The accelerating pace of emerging zoonotic diseases in the twenty-first century has motivated cross-disciplinary collaboration on One Health approaches, combining microbiology, veterinary and environmental sciences, epidemiology for outbreak prevention mitigation. Such outbreaks are often caused by spillovers attributed to human activities that encroach wildlife habitats ecosystems, such as land use change, industrialized food production, urbanization animal trade. While origin anthropogenic effects ecology biogeography can be traced Late Pleistocene, archaeological record—a long-term archive human–animal–environmental interactions—has largely been untapped these thus limiting our understanding dynamics over time. In this review, we examine how humans, niche constructors, have facilitated new host species ‘disease-scapes’ from Pleistocene Anthropocene, viewing zooarchaeological, bioarchaeological palaeoecological data with a perspective. We also highlight biomolecular tools advances ‘-omics’ holistically coupled reconstructions service studying disease emergence re-emergence.

Language: Английский

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Social theory and landscape ecology: understanding human agency in the context of landscapes

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(4)

Published: March 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Modern pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs from sub-tropical central India: discerning anthropogenic signal in surface pollen assemblages

Grana, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(4), P. 303 - 327

Published: June 28, 2024

Interpretation of past vegetation using pollen analysis depends on our understanding about the relationship between modern and surface assemblages. In present study, we sampled pollen-rain in a mixed environment cultivated land dry wet tropical forests central India. We established to which extent types are reflected explained biases spectra. Our study revealed that assemblages do not fully represent extant regional vegetation, as many forest components, especially trees shrubs, either under-represented or remained palynologically silent records. Low productivity most deciduous taxa, owing entomophily, well low preservation potential some tree primarily responsible for this irregularity their representation Moreover, Shorea robusta Tectona grandis pollen, despite being high producers, encountered any sample, could be further attributed poor soil samples, (pollen) dispersal efficiency. Cerealia, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Cannabis sativa, Artemisia spp. Alternanthera indicate agricultural practices other human activities around respective areas. consistent presence Asteroideae indicates pastoral activities, whereas Sporormiella spp., Sordaria Podosora Delitschia Cercophora local grazing herbivory.

Language: Английский

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