Critical links between biodiversity and health in wild bee conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 309 - 321

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

The diversity, abundance, and health of wild bees is jeopardized primarily by land-use modifications, among other global change drivers.Defining measuring in requires an integrative approach across disciplines.We use elements from chemistry, stoichiometry, ecology, physiology, pathology, genetics to (i) contribute a more comprehensive definition bee 'health', (ii) define framework linking with floral resource/nutritional landscapes through assessing species-specific nutritional niches.We suggest novel holistic for capturing combining field laboratory tools.Knowledge gained applying this will serve as blueprint stakeholders engaged pollinator conservation. Wild populations are declining due human activities, such land change, which strongly affect the composition diversity available plants food sources. chemical (i.e., nutrition) turn determines health, resilience, fitness bees. For pollinators, however, term 'health' recent subject debate, interaction between nutrition health. We multidimensional concept biological traits (physiology, disease) environmental factors (floral landscapes). Linking information on tolerated niches different species allow us better predict their distribution responses thus support Bees decline because sources disappearAnimals pollinate >85% flowering 75% leading crops worldwide [1.Klein A.-M. et al.Importance pollinators changing world crops.Proc. Biol. Sci. 2007; 274: 303-313Crossref PubMed Scopus (3270) Google Scholar] provide medicines animals humankind. They also natural habitats play key role plant productivity, webs, ultimately well-being Scholar, 2.Klein A-M. al.Relevance managed well-being.Curr. Opin. Insect 2018; 26: 82-88Crossref (32) 3.Ollerton J. al.How many pollinated animals?.Oikos. 2011; 120: 321-326Crossref (1564) Scholar]. (Apidae) most important group vast majority represented (~20 000 species) [4.Potts S. Assessment Report Pollinators, Pollination Food Production – Summary Policymakers. 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Entomol. 10: 133-141Google 22.Ziska L.H. al.Rising atmospheric CO2 reducing protein concentration pollen source essential North American bees.Proc. R. Soc. B 283: 20160414Crossref 23.Requier F. al.Honey diet farmland reveals unexpectedly high flower richness major weeds.Ecol. Appl. 881-890Crossref (171) Scholar].Nutritional beesAs intake nutrient (henceforth referred quality) determine resilience [24.Simpson S.J. Raubenheimer Nutrition: Unifying Framework Animal Adaptation Human Obesity. Princeton 2012Crossref access resources enable diverse balanced one driver population stability [21.Vaudo context, we consider be any compound elements, phospholipids, amino acids 'group components' proteins) part food/nutrition obtain nutrients several potential medically active secondary metabolites consuming mostly nectar Scholar,25.Koch H. al.Flagellum removal metabolite inhibits infectivity bumblebee parasite.Curr. 2019; 29: 3494-3500Abstract (24) Scholar,26.Stevenson P.C. antagonists mutualists: paradox toxic pollen.Phytochem. 603-614Crossref (17) Nectar provides carbohydrates maintaining energy metabolic processes, whereas main all macronutrients fat) micronutrients (e.g., vitamins, sterols) required tissue homeostasis, development ovary development), larval growth [27.Filipiak understanding ecology needed optimize conservation strategies application stoichiometry.Insects. 3Crossref (16) 28.Nicolson S.W. Bee food: chemistry value nectar, mixtures two.Afr. Zool. 46: 197-204Crossref 29.Wright G.A. al.Nutritional physiology bees.Annu. 63: 327-344Crossref (89) Ideally, both sufficient quality quantity. quantity determined abundance flowers present namely number plants/flowers per amount [30.Timberlake T.P. al.Phenology seasonal gaps availability bumblebees.J. 56: 1585-1596Crossref (56) depends each and/or specific profile [31.Jachuła al.Habitat heterogeneity helps mitigate sugar deficit discontinuity landscape.Sci. Total 782146909Crossref (5) profiles vary greatly [32.Belsky Joshi N.K. Impact feral bees.Insects. 233Crossref (37) 33.Palmer-Young E.C. al.Chemistry rewards: intra- interspecific variability taxa.Ecol. Monogr. 89e01335Crossref (50) 34.Vaudo al.Pollen protein: lipid macronutrient ratios guide broad patterns preferences.Insects. 11: 132Crossref (41) 35.Requier al.Limitation complementary affects growth, foraging behavior, reproduction bees.Ecology. 101e02946Crossref (11) even individuals same growing [36.Venjakob al.Inter-individual changes scabious, Knautia arvensis.Insects. 2Crossref Floral communities, characterized consequently More details variation effect diets performance fitness, differences preferences given Vaudo al. Scholar].Although much less well understood, needs expected differ substantially sustainability amounts food, particular pollen, offspring development, can influence entire Scholar,37.Filipiak Z.M. Filipiak scarcity influences certain life history traits.Biology. 12Crossref (6) Scholar,38.Moerman explain than diversity.Insect Conserv. Divers. 171-179Crossref (39) Scholar].Surprisingly, landscape, status has hitherto received little attention (cf Scholar,34.Vaudo Scholar]). This knowledge is, crucial determining how respective populations. propose conceptual altering healthy populations.Measuring healthAlthough understood physical, mental, social population, wildlife generally been absence disease [39.Stephen Toward modernized health.J. Wildl. Dis. 50: 427-430Crossref only recently appeared literature its precise still debate [40.López-Uribe M.M. al.Defining health: based ecological, genetic, physiological factors.Annu. Anim. Biosci. 8: 269-294Crossref López-Uribe suggested multilevel various parameters measure at individual, colony, level should then direct consequence average individuals, where size likely correlate positively health.We apply defined result local environment (Figure 1). following recorded integrated comprehensively capture stored bodies (such proteins, lipids, glycogen, elements), body [41.Dellicour al.Distribution predictors wing shape three sister solitary bees.PLoS 12e0173109Crossref (18) load, beneficial microbiota [42.Engel al.The microbiome: evolution host–microbe interactions.mBio. 7e02164-15Crossref (130) immunocompetence [43.Alaux al.Diet honeybee immunocompetence.Biol. 6: 562-565Crossref (454) fertility [44.Keller A. al.(More than) Hitchhikers network: shared microbiome flowers.Curr. 44: 8-15Crossref (8) Scholar].Physiological were shown sensitivity modifications [45.Tracy C.R. importance biology.Integr. Comp. 1191-1205Crossref (72) responds before become visible [46.Ellis R.D. al.Integrating physiology.Landsc. 2012; 27: 1-12Crossref (90) instance, correlates increased levels storage antioxidant vitellogenin higher overwintering [19.Smart Scholar,47.Alaux 'landscape physiology' highlights enrichment semi-natural habitats.Sci. Rep. 7: 40568Crossref (57) Energy survival. categories used insects (glycogen, life-history dispersal capacity, reproduction, diapause, [48.Arrese E.L. Soulages J.L. fat body: energy, metabolism, regulation.Annu. 55: 207-225Crossref (1178) Moreover, macro- acquired consumption interface resources. Variations budget bees.Additional sensu lato include morphometrics, microbial loads. example, morphometry fluctuating asymmetry found [49.de Freitas Brito al.Orchid (Apidae, Euglossini) oil palm plantations Eastern Amazon have larger but not asymmetrical wings.Neotrop. 388-397Crossref (0) 50.Gerard al.Stressful conditions reveal decrease size, modification relatively stable wings.Sci. 15169Crossref (14) 51.Lima C.B.S. al.Morphometric Melipona subnitida Ducke 1910 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) types housing.Braz. 76: 845-850Crossref addition, known composition, particularly consequences uptake, detoxification, immunity, Scholar,52.Dharampal P.S. al.Pollen-borne microbes fitness.Proc. 286: 20182894Crossref 53.Rothman J.A. increases selenate toxicity.Environ. Microbiol. 21: 3417-3429Crossref 54.Voulgari-Kokota al.Drivers, functions solitary-bee microbiota.Trends 1034-1044Abstract By defining stoichiometric phenotypes elemental bodies) [55.Jeyasingh P.D. al.Testing evolutionary using elements.Ecol. 528-538Crossref (59) deviations optimal phenotypes, nutritionally impoverished populations, revealed, indicate reduced health.All mentioned previously affected multiple related pollutants antibiotics, heavy metals) pathogens Measurement variables complete picture focusing single parameter.Floral healthFloral community [56.Albrecht effectiveness strips hedgerows pest control, pollination services crop yield: quantitative synthesis.Ecol. 1488-1498Crossref (113) Scholar,57.Dainese biodiversity-mediated production.Sci. Adv. 5eaax0121Crossref (245) [58.Kaluza B.F. al.Social fitter biodiverse environments.Sci. 12353Crossref content Scholar,27.Filipiak Scholar,59.Roulston T.H. Goodell K. regulating populations.Annu. 293-312Crossref (325) Scholar,60.Scheper al.Museum specimens host factor driving Netherlands.Proc. 111: 17552Crossref (160) phenology [23.Requier Scholar,58.Kaluza Scholar,61.Blüthgen Klein Functional complementarity specialisation: interactions.Basic 12: 282-291Crossref (281) thrive environments Scholar,62.Crone Williams N.M. Bumble dynamics: quantifying queen production.Ecol. 460-468Crossref (68) Scholar,63.Goulson al.Colony bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, improved conventional suburban habitats.Oecologia. 2002; 130: 267-273Crossref (169) Scholar,64.Kaluza al.Generalist maximize species-rich resource-abundant environments.Ecosphere. 8e01758Crossref (26) Scholar,65.Trinkl al.Floral stingless bee.Insects. (9) opportunities specialist (oligolectic) restricted find suitable generalist (polylectic) supports performance, (Table 1), presumably ready adequate metabolites. contrast, chronic monotonous, nonsuitable, low quality, reduces immune-competence affecting 'nutritional stress' [47.Alaux Scholar,66.Brunner F.S. al.Protein-poor host-specific immune gene expression terrestris.Proc. 20140128Crossref Poor lead susceptibility [67.Dolezal A.G. Toth A.L. Feedbacks health.Curr. 114-119Crossref (63) pesticides [68.Tosi al.Neonicotinoid synergistically reduce 284: 20171711Crossref considered Scholar,69.Bartomeus I. al.Historical northeastern US traits.Proc. U. 2013; 110: 4656-4660Crossref (309) Scholar,70.Leach M.E. Drummond review native health.Int. 2018: 9607246Crossref (13) Although added se automatically yield synergistic compared higher-quality monofloral [34.Vaudo Scholar,71.Klaus diversification promotes offset insecticide evidence semi-field experiment.Ecol. 24: 668-675Crossref Scholar,72.Stuligross Pesticide additively impair reproduction.Proc. 287: 20201390Crossref it clearly negative poor choices 1).Table 1Effect studies polyfloral polylectic) under conditionsExperimentBee speciesEffectsResponse variableRefsLandscapes, enriched melliferous catch crops; overwinteringHoneybee (Apis mellifera)Access was vitality (vitellogenin level)Bee level)[47.Alaux Scholar]Monofloral pesticides; performanceBuff tailed (Bombus terrestris)Additive drone reproduc

Language: Английский

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The global biomass and number of terrestrial arthropods

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5)

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Insects and other arthropods are central to terrestrial ecosystems. However, data lacking regarding their global population abundance. We synthesized thousands of evaluations from around 500 sites worldwide, estimating the absolute biomass abundance across different taxa habitats. found that there ≈1 × 1019 (twofold uncertainty range) soil on Earth, ≈95% which mites springtails. The contains ≈200 million metric tons (Mt) dry biomass. Termites contribute ≈40% biomass, much more than ants at ≈10%. Our estimate for above-ground is uncertain, highlighting a knowledge gap future research should aim close. combined all ≈300 Mt (uncertainty range, 100 500), similar mass humanity its livestock. These estimates enhance quantitative understanding in ecosystems provide an initial holistic benchmark decline.

Language: Английский

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Insect responses to global change offer signposts for biodiversity and conservation

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 699 - 717

Published: Nov. 11, 2020

1. Insects have emerged as causes célèbres for widespread concern about human effects on global biodiversity. Here, we consider how insects provide opportunities both to understand the ecological of change and enhance environmental conservation. 2. Despite a limited time frame geographic extent quantitative evidence, recent studies changes abundance, distribution, diversity indicate temporally heterogeneous trends which vary among taxa, regions, biotopes. These results suggest a) that insect numbers are responding multiple stressors in wider context fitness, distributions, biotic interactions result from habitat climate change; b) specialists with narrow ranges may be particularly at risk. 3. Predictions based macroecology ecophysiology can tested by combining approaches, including experiments observations over gradients latitude, elevation, urbanization; well innovative analyses data standardised monitoring schemes opportunistic historical collections citizen science. Linking these complementary approaches helps detect mechanisms influencing responses interacting drivers inform 4. The impetus debate provoked high profile reports declines promote conservation, but also obtain comprehensive evidence biodiversity thus develop communicate measures mitigate threats ecosystems change.

Language: Английский

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Termite evolution: mutualistic associations, key innovations, and the rise of Termitidae

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 78(6), P. 2749 - 2769

Published: Jan. 3, 2021

Language: Английский

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Evaluating DNA Barcoding for Species Identification and Discovery in European Gracillariid Moths

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Gracillariidae is the most species-rich leaf-mining moth family with over 2,000 described species worldwide. In Europe, there are 263 valid named recognized, many of which difficult to identify using morphology only. Here we explore use DNA barcodes as a tool for identification and discovery in European gracillariids. We present barcode library including 6,791 COI sequences representing 242 (92%) resident species. Our results indicate high congruence between 91.3% (221/242) forming monophyletic clades that can be identified accurately alone. The remaining 8.7% represent cases non-monophyly making their uncertain barcodes. Species discrimination based on Barcode Index Number system (BIN) was successful 93% 7% sharing BINs. discovered 21 undescribed candidate species, six were confirmed from an integrative approach; other 15 require additional material study confirm preliminary evidence. Most these new found mountainous regions Mediterranean countries, South-Eastern Alps Balkans, nine only islands. addition, 13 classified deep conspecific lineages, comprising total 27 BINs no intraspecific morphological differences found, known ecological differentiation. Double-digest restriction-site associated sequencing (ddRAD) analysis showed strong mitonuclear discrepancy four out five studied. This discordance not explained by Wolbachia -mediated genetic sweeps. Finally, 26 “unassessed splits” containing 71 some involving geographical isolation or specialization will further test whether they cryptic

Language: Английский

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Direct and indirect effects of altered temperature regimes and phenological mismatches on insect populations

Current Opinion in Insect Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47, P. 67 - 74

Published: May 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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Temperature drives variation in flying insect biomass across a German malaise trap network

Insect Conservation and Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 168 - 180

Published: Nov. 19, 2021

ABSTRACT Among the many concerns for biodiversity in Anthropocene, recent reports of flying insect loss are particularly alarming, given their importance as pollinators, pest control agents, and a food source. Few monitoring programmes cover large spatial scales required to provide more generalizable estimates responses global change drivers. We ask how climate surrounding habitat affect biomass using data from first year new network at 84 locations across Germany comprising gradient land types protected urban crop areas. Flying increased linearly with temperature Germany. However, effect on flipped negative hot months June July when local temperatures most exceeded long‐term averages. Land explained little variation biomass, but was lowest forests. Grasslands, pastures, orchards harboured highest biomass. The date peak primarily driven by cover, grasslands especially having earlier phenologies. Standardised, large‐scale provides key insights into underlying processes decline is pivotal development climate‐adapted strategies promote diversity. In temperate region, we find that positive effects diminish German summer where Our results highlight adaptation change‐driven impacts communities.

Language: Английский

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Urban forest invertebrates: how they shape and respond to the urban environment

Urban Ecosystems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 1589 - 1609

Published: May 19, 2022

Abstract Invertebrates comprise the most diversified animal group on Earth. Due to their long evolutionary history and small size, invertebrates occupy a remarkable range of ecological niches, play an important role as “ecosystem engineers” by structuring networks mutualistic antagonistic interactions in almost all terrestrial ecosystems. Urban forests provide critical ecosystem services humans, and, other systems, are central maintaining functioning urban forests. Identifying can help elucidate importance practitioners public, not only preserve biodiversity environments, but also make public aware functional healthy greenspaces. In this review, we examine multiple roles that contribute service provisioning, including pollination, predation, herbivory, seed microorganism dispersal organic matter decomposition, those lead disservices, primarily from health perspective, e.g., transmission invertebrate-borne diseases. We then identify number filters structure forest invertebrate communities, such changes habitat structure, increased landscape imperviousness, microclimatic pollution. discuss complexity ways respond urbanisation, acclimation, local extinction evolution. Finally, present management recommendations support conserve viable diverse populations into future.

Language: Английский

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The Anthropocene condition: evolving through social–ecological transformations

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 379(1893)

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Anthropogenic planetary disruptions, from climate change to biodiversity loss, are unprecedented challenges for human societies. Some societies, social groups, cultural practices, technologies and institutions already disintegrating or disappearing as a result. However, this coupling of socially produced environmental with disruptive changes—the Anthropocene condition—is not new. From food-producing hunter–gatherers, farmers, urban industrial food systems, the current entanglement has its roots in millennia evolving accumulating sociocultural capabilities shaping cultured environments that our societies have always lived (sociocultural niche construction). When these transformative shape coupled adaptations enabling more effectively live transformed environments, social–ecological scales intensities transformations can accelerate through positive feedback loop ‘runaway construction’. Efforts achieve better future both people planet will depend on guiding runaway evolutionary process towards outcomes by redirecting Earth's most force nature: power aspirations. To guide force, narratives appeal aspirations be effective than crisis overstepping natural boundaries. This article is part theme issue ‘Evolution sustainability: gathering strands an synthesis’.

Language: Английский

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Global meta-analysis reveals overall higher nocturnal than diurnal activity in insect communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Insects sustain key ecosystem functions, but how their activity varies across the day–night cycle and underlying drivers are poorly understood. Although entomologists generally expect that more insects active at night, this notion has not been tested with empirical data global scale. Here, we assemble 331 quantitative comparisons of abundances between day night periods from 78 studies worldwide use multi-level meta-analytical models to show insect is on average 31.4% (CI: −6.3%–84.3%) higher than in day. We reveal diel preferences major taxa, observe nocturnal aquatic taxa terrestrial ones, as well warmer environments. In a separate analysis small subset quantifying patterns taxonomic richness (31 13 studies), detect preliminary evidence tropical temperate communities. The overall (but variable) communities underscores need address threats such light pollution climate warming may disproportionately impact insects.

Language: Английский

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