Conflation of reforestation with restoration is widespread

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6684), P. 698 - 701

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Across Africa, vast areas of nonforest are threatened by inappropriate restoration in the form tree planting.

Language: Английский

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Factors influencing the agricultural extension model sites in Iran

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 20, 2025

This study aims to explore the factors and challenges influencing Agricultural Extension Model Sites (AEMSs) in improving irrigated wheat production Iran. An exploratory survey was conducted investigate changes related pre-planting, planting, harvesting, post-harvesting activities by examining farmers who are members of AEMSs. The goal understand effects faced these sites agriculture. revealed that at model grouped into six categories: technical-structural, planning, political-motivational, financial credit, agronomic, cooperation coordination factors. These accounted for 68.55% variance AEMSs challenges. most significant included efficiency agricultural activities, increasing farmers' trust extension agents providing practical solutions enhance productivity. main implication is Institute Education Iran can objectively introduce best techniques accelerate adoption innovations agriculture creating expanding various products topics. offers new insights technology transfer models addresses a gap existing literature regarding as an Iranian initiative. particularly context international academic literature. investigates associated with (AEMS) approach, which has been designed implemented While similar utilized internationally, AEMS demonstrates superior ability persuade adopt optimal practices. paper presents evidence effectiveness models, enhancing productivity strategically important crop.

Language: Английский

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The grassland carbon cycle: Mechanisms, responses to global changes, and potential contribution to carbon neutrality

Fundamental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(2), P. 209 - 218

Published: Oct. 22, 2022

Grassland is one of the largest terrestrial biomes, providing critical ecosystem services such as food production, biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation. Global land-use intensification have been causing grassland degradation desertification worldwide. As primary medium for energy flow biogeochemical cycling, carbon (C) cycling most fundamental process maintaining services. In this review, we first summarize recent advances in our understanding mechanisms underpinning spatial temporal patterns C cycle, discuss importance grasslands regulating inter- intra-annual variations global fluxes, explore previously unappreciated complexity abiotic processes controlling balance, including soil inorganic accumulation, photochemical thermal degradation, wind erosion. We also how changes could alter balance by modifying water budget, nutrient additional plant processes. Further, examine why increasing aridity improper land use may induce significant losses stocks. Finally, identify several priorities future research, improving strengthening monitoring dynamics integrating ground inventory, flux monitoring, modern remote sensing techniques, selecting appropriate species combinations with suitable traits strong resistance to fluctuations, which would help design sustainable restoration strategies a changing climate.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the enigma of NPP variation in Chinese vegetation ecosystems: The interplay of climate change and land use change

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 169023 - 169023

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Moisture availability versus grazing and burning as drivers of Holocene forest-grassland coexistence in Europe: A case study from open ecosystems of southeastern Romania

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 351, P. 109153 - 109153

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Screening of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and their Growth-Promoting Activities for Stipa Purpurea in Alpine Grassland

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(3)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Stipa purpurea is one of the dominant grass species in alpine grassland and plays a crucial role safeguarding ecosystem restoring degraded grassland. To enhance population dominance S. effectively prevent further degradation. In this study, we screened high-efficiency plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from rhizosphere soil samples, with aim improving growth activity through spraying PGPR. We selected functional medium for isolation PGPR soils five distinct sampling sites grasslands surrounding Qinghai Lake. Nitrogenase activity, phosphorus-solubilization, carbon-fixation, indole acetic acid (IAA)-like compounds production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase production were used to assess capability Additionally, ecological adaptability was examined. Finally, promotion effect on determined using pot experiments. The results study showed that 136 strains isolated categorized into 18 genera based 16S rRNA sequences. Among these, seven exhibited multiple characteristics promoting growth, meanwhile, GD-1-1, YD-2-4, GD-3-9, HD-1-1 strong resistance drought, cold, UV, oxidation. GD-1-1 YD-2-4 had effects purpurea, which significantly seed germination rate, facilitate above-ground part seedlings, formation lateral roots. principal component analysis indicated interaction PGPRs young roots more beneficial than sprout. provide outstanding strain resources theoretical foundation restoration findings basis research development microbial fertilizer.

Language: Английский

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Ten new insights in climate science 2023

Global Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Non-technical summary We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability implications overshooting the 1.5°C warming limit, (2) urgent need for rapid managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future contribution sinks, (5) intertwinedness crises biodiversity loss change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility face risks, (9) adaptation justice, (10) just transitions food systems. Technical The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides scientific foundation international negotiations constitutes an unmatched resource researchers. However, assessment cycles take multiple years. As to cross- interdisciplinary understanding diverse communities, we have streamlined annual process synthesize significant advances. collected input from experts various fields using online questionnaire prioritized 10 key insights relevance. This year, focus on: overshoot urgency scale-up joint governance accelerated amidst present succinct account these insights, reflect their implications, offer integrated policy-relevant messages. science synthesis communication effort is also basis report contributing elevate every year time United Nations Conference. Social media highlight – more than 200 experts.

Language: Английский

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Fire facilitates ground layer plant diversity in a Miombo ecosystem

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133(5-6), P. 743 - 756

Published: March 4, 2024

Abstract Background and Aims Little is known about the response of ground layer plant communities to fire in Miombo ecosystems, which a global blind spot ecological understanding. We aimed: (1) assess impact three experimentally imposed treatments on species composition compare it with patterns observed for trees; (2) analyse effect richness how responses differ among functional groups. Methods At 60-year-long experiment Zambia, we quantified diversity plants terms taxa groups across experimental late dry-season fire, early exclusion. Data were collected five repeat surveys from onset wet season dry season. Key Results Of 140 recorded treatments, fire-maintained contributed most diversity, least number unique found no-fire treatment. The early-fire treatment was more similar than late-fire C4 grass geoxyle highest treatment, there no shared sedge between other treatments. plot level, average twice that exclusion Conclusions Heterogeneity seasonality intensity supports flora by providing local environments. African ecosystems face rapid expansion land- fire-management schemes carbon offsetting sequestration. demonstrate analyses impacts such predicated tree alone are highly likely underestimate biodiversity. A research priority must be new understanding integrated into policy land management.

Language: Английский

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Beyond tree planting: Mobilizing a global production network for savanna restoration in Brazil

Environmental Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51, P. 101017 - 101017

Published: June 7, 2024

Emerging global production networks innovate the supply of restoration products and services to reverse degraded ecosystems globally. Yet, savanna interventions often neglect diverse plant life forms planting techniques in implementing large-scale pledges. Drawing on network analysis, we examine how configuration practices Brazil influences decision-making processes outcomes. Our assessment a case study Central reveals myriad forces affecting interconnections between institutional drivers, markets, systems for actions across multiple scales. Prevailing policies regulations disregard expertise, economic strategies, socio-cultural perspectives when setting priorities incentives. While identify different buyers influencing market demands meet mandatory or voluntary environmental compliance, wide range suppliers remakes according regional contexts. The experiences community-led material showcase collective organization that enables situated socio-technical innovations link high diversity non-tree species with livelihood This contributes revealing drivers markets assert political authority commercial objectives multifaceted decisions, while community partnerships catalyze place-based innovations.

Language: Английский

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Community‐Based Fire Management in East and Southern African Savanna‐Protected Areas: A Review of the Published Evidence

Earth s Future, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9)

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The introduction of fire suppression policies and expansion exclusionary protected areas in East Southern African savannas have engendered a wildfire paradox. Outside areas, livestock replaced as the dominant fuel consumer. Inside their boundaries, intensity has increased due to accumulating flammable biomass. Community‐Based Fire Management (CBFiM) is recognized an alternative management strategy address paradox promote equitable governance across conservation landscapes. Yet, there been little investigation into implementation effectiveness CBFiM Africa's savanna‐protected areas. Here we employ social‐ecological systems framework develop systematic map published literature on framing features this context. We characterize challenges opportunities for design implementation, focusing relationship between community participation management. find that projects are commonly governed by state international non‐governmental organisations who retain decision‐making power determine access savanna resources use. Existing limited communal rangelands developed within existing Natural Resource programs prioritizing prevention suppression. Planned propose exclusive early‐dry season patch mosaic burning regime incorporate indigenous knowledge modern frameworks, but evidence local peoples' involvement scarce. To provide management, need inequalities embedded area centralized policies, account changing state‐society intra‐society relations region.

Language: Английский

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