Mangrove Health: A Review of Functions, Threats, and Challenges Associated with Mangrove Management Practices

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1698 - 1698

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Mangroves stand out as one of the most diverse and biologically significant natural systems in world. Playing critical roles maintaining health productivity coastal ecosystems, mangroves provide a range services functions, including habitat for local fauna flora, food other goods, carbon sequestration, protection from disasters such storm surges erosion. It is also evident that face several threats, which have already led to gradual depletion mangrove areas worldwide. Based on analysis current related historical literature data, this review summarises functions threats challenges associated with management practices. Our findings suggest development, expanded aquaculture, deforestation, climate change, implications eutrophication, diseases, pollution are major factors posing sustainability. We highlight various challenges, land use conflict, lack stringent regulatory actions, inadequate policy government frameworks, community awareness, underlie ineffective management. The implementation inclusive coordinated approaches involving stakeholders different backgrounds interests, governmental non-governmental organisations, academia essential restoration sustainable by adapting mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Magnitude, Trends, and Variability of the Global Ocean Carbon Sink From 1985 to 2018

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(10)

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract This contribution to the RECCAP2 (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) assessment analyzes processes that determine global ocean carbon sink, its trends variability over period 1985–2018, using a combination of models observation‐based products. The mean sea‐air CO 2 flux from 1985 2018 is −1.6 ± 0.2 PgC yr −1 based on an ensemble reconstructions history sea surface pCO (pCO products). Models indicate dominant component this net oceanic uptake anthropogenic , which estimated at −2.1 0.3 by biogeochemical models, −2.4 0.1 two circulation inverse models. also degasses about 0.65 terrestrially derived but process not fully resolved any used here. From 2001 2018, products reconstruct trend in sink −0.61 0.12 decade while diagnose ‐driven −0.34 0.06 −0.41 0.03 respectively. implies climate‐forced acceleration recent decades, there are still large uncertainties magnitude cause trend. interannual decadal mainly driven climate variability, with climate‐driven exceeding ‐forced 2–3 times. These results suggest dominates potentially highly uncertain consistently captured across different methods.

Language: Английский

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Global Surface Ocean Acidification Indicators From 1750 to 2100

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Accurately predicting future ocean acidification (OA) conditions is crucial for advancing OA research at regional and global scales, guiding society's mitigation adaptation efforts. This study presents a new model‐data fusion product covering 10 surface indicators based on 14 Earth System Models (ESMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), along with three recent observational carbon data products. The include fugacity of dioxide, pH total scale, hydrogen ion content, free carbonate aragonite saturation state, calcite Revelle Factor, dissolved inorganic alkalinity content. evolution these presented 1° × grid as decadal averages every years preindustrial (1750), through historical (1850–2010), to five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (2020–2100): SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP5‐8.5. These trajectories represent an improvement over previous products respect quantity, spatial temporal coverage, diversity underlying model simulations, provided SSPs. generated offers state‐of‐the‐art management tool 21st century under combined stressors climate change acidification. gridded available in NetCDF National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centers Environmental Information: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0259391.html , maps are jpeg at: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/synthesis/surface-oa-indicators.html .

Language: Английский

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A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 376 - 400

Published: May 1, 2024

Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult electrify and/or continue use carbon as key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty marine transportation, the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches enable us close cycle create circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify those that need carbon. We discuss two for this: developing alternatives improving ability reuse carbon, enabled separations. Furthermore, posit co-design use-driven fundamental science are reach aggressive reduction targets. To achieve net-zero emissions, must industries electrify. Developing needed provide non-fossil accelerate advances towards defossilization.

Language: Английский

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Perspectives and challenges of marine carbon dioxide removal

Frontiers in Climate, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The Paris Agreement to limit global warming well below 2°C requires drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the balancing of any remaining by carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Due uncertainties about potential durability many land-based approaches deliver sufficient CDR, marine CDR options are receiving more interest. We present current state knowledge regarding potentials, risks, side effects as challenges associated with technical feasibility, governance, monitoring, reporting accounting covering a range biotic geochemical approaches. specifically discuss what extent comparison direct injection CO 2 into seawater, which had been proposed decades ago is now prohibited international agreements, may provide guidance for evaluating some

Language: Английский

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Fight for carbon neutrality with state-of-the-art negative carbon emission technologies

Eco-Environment & Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 259 - 279

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

After the Industrial Revolution, ever-increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration has resulted in significant problems for human beings. Nearly all countries world are actively taking measures to fight carbon neutrality. In recent years, negative emission technologies have attracted much attention due their ability reduce or recycle excess atmosphere. This review summarizes state-of-the-art technologies, from artificial enhancement of natural sink technology physical, chemical, biological methods capture, as well utilization and conversion. Finally, we expound on challenges outlook improving accelerate pace achieving

Language: Английский

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The Southern Ocean Carbon Cycle 1985–2018: Mean, Seasonal Cycle, Trends, and Storage

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract We assess the Southern Ocean CO 2 uptake (1985–2018) using data sets gathered in REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project Phase 2. The acted as a sink for with close agreement between simulation results from global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs, 0.75 ± 0.28 PgC yr −1 ) p ‐observation‐based products (0.73 0.07 ). This is only half that reported by RECCAP1 same region timeframe. present‐day net to first order response rising atmospheric , driving large amounts of anthropogenic (C ant into ocean, thereby overcompensating loss natural atmosphere. An apparent knowledge gap increase since 2000, ‐products suggesting growth more than twice strong uncertain GOBMs (0.26 0.06 0.11 0.03 Pg C decade respectively). despite nearly identical trends when both are compared at locations where was measured. Seasonal analyses revealed processes winter uncertainty magnitude outgassing, whereas discrepancies fundamental summer, exhibit difficulties simulating effects non‐thermal biology mixing/circulation. interior accumulation points an underestimate storage GOBMs. Future work needs link surface fluxes transport, build long overdue systematic observation networks push toward better process understanding drivers carbon cycle.

Language: Английский

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Direct ocean capture: the emergence of electrochemical processes for oceanic carbon removal

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 4944 - 4967

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This study explores the emerging development of electrochemical direct ocean capture (eDOC) as an effective negative emission technology; focusing on pH swing mechanisms, we highlight advancements in eDOC and identify key areas for future research.

Language: Английский

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Early Jurassic large igneous province carbon emissions constrained by sedimentary mercury

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 241 - 248

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Large igneous province eruptions and their carbon emissions often coincide with, are hypothesized to have driven, severe environmental perturbations in the geological past. However, vast scale of large provinces uncertainties magmatic volatile contents radioisotopic dates limit our ability resolve gas detail over time. Here we employ high-resolution (~5–200 kyr) sedimentary mercury data from Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) borehole, Wales, derive quantitative degassing estimates a 20-million-year-long Early Jurassic interval (195–175 million years ago). Intervals relatively elevated with episodes carbon-cycle change, including Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (183–182 We use excess loading estimate province-associated emissions, revealing that multi-millennial activity plausibly drove recognized $$p_{{\mathrm{CO}}_2}$$ p CO 2 temperature increases. previous model-based emission scenarios require faster larger inputs than proposed emissions. Resolving this discrepancy may climate–carbon-cycle feedbacks or co-emitted gases substantially exacerbate response, processes potentially underestimated current models. Our long near-continuous record demonstrates mercury’s potential as tool past fluxes.

Language: Английский

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Misconceptions of the marine biological carbon pump in a changing climate: Thinking outside the “export” box

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The marine biological carbon pump (BCP) stores in the ocean interior, isolating it from exchange with atmosphere and thereby coregulating atmospheric dioxide (CO 2 ). As BCP commonly is equated flux of organic material to termed “export flux,” a change export perceived directly impact CO , thus climate. Here, we recap how this perception contrasts current understanding BCP, emphasizing lack direct relationship between global . We argue for use storage origin interior as diagnostic that relates way forward quantify changes changing conveniently applicable both climate model data increasingly available observational data. It can explain seemingly paradoxical response under anthropogenic change: Despite decrease flux, intensifies due longer reemergence time biogenically stored back surface provides negative feedback increasing This notably small compared emissions other carbon‐climate feedbacks. In Opinion paper, advocate comprehensive view BCP's on providing prerequisite assessing effectiveness removal approaches target biology.

Language: Английский

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