Effects of climate change on plant pathogens and host-pathogen interactions

Crop and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 159 - 170

Published: May 31, 2024

Crop production stands as a pivotal pillar of global food security, but its sustainability faces complex challenges from plant diseases, which pose substantial threat to agricultural productivity. Climate change significantly alters the dynamics pathogens, primarily through changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation patterns, can enhance virulence spread various diseases. Indeed, increased frequency extreme weather events, is direct consequence climate change, creates favorable conditions for outbreaks As temperatures rise, geographic range many pathogens expanding, exposing new regions species diseases previously limited warmer climates. not only affects prevalence severity also influences effectiveness disease management strategies, necessitating adaptive approaches practices. This review presents thorough examination relationship between carefully provides an analysis interplay climatic shifts dynamics. In addition insights into development effective strategies countering adverse impacts on these hold significant promise bolstering crop resilience against mounting environmental challenges.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting trends of the ocean CO2 sink and pH in the Agulhas current system and the Mozambique Basin, South-Western Indian Ocean (1963-2023).

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 220, P. 105459 - 105459

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Acidification of the Global Surface Ocean: What We Have Learned from Observations

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The chemistry of the global ocean is rapidly changing due to uptake anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). This process, commonly referred as acidification (OA), negatively impacting many marine species and ecosystems. In this study, we combine observations in surface collected by NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological scientists their national international colleagues over past four decades, along with model outputs, provide a high-resolution, regionally varying view fugacity, carbonate ion content, total hydrogen pH on scale, aragonite calcite saturation states selected time intervals from 1961 2020. We discuss major roles played air-sea CO2 uptake, warming, local upwelling processes, declining buffer capacity controlling spatial temporal variability these parameters. These changes are occurring regions that would normally be considered OA refugia, thus threatening protection for stocks sensitive increasing potential expanding biological impacts.

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of ocean total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon measurements from 1993 to 2022: the SNAPO-CO2-v1 dataset

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 89 - 120

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Abstract. Total alkalinity (AT) and dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in the oceans are important properties with respect to understanding ocean cycle its link global change (ocean sinks sources, acidification) ultimately finding carbon-based solutions or mitigation procedures (marine removal). We present a database of more than 44 400 AT CT observations along basic ancillary data (spatiotemporal location, depth, temperature salinity) from various regions obtained, mainly framework French projects, since 1993. This includes both surface water column acquired open ocean, coastal zones Mediterranean Sea either time series dedicated one-off cruises. Most this synthesis were measured discrete samples using same closed-cell potentiometric titration calibrated Certified Reference Material, an overall accuracy ±4 µmol kg−1 for CT. The provided two separate datasets – Global Ocean (https://doi.org/10.17882/95414, Metzl et al., 2023), respectively that offer direct use regional purposes, e.g., AT–salinity relationships, long-term estimates, constraint validation diagnostic reconstructed fields coupled climate–carbon models simulations as well derived Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats. When associated other properties, these can also be used calculate pH, fugacity CO2 (fCO2) system derive acidification rates air–sea fluxes.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of Surface Ocean Acidity Extremes in an Earth System Model

Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(9)

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Abstract Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon causes acidification, a process that describes the increase in hydrogen ion concentrations ([H + ]) and decrease calcium carbonate mineral saturation states (Ω). Of particular concern are ocean acidity extreme (OAX) events, which pose significant threat to many calcifying marine organisms. However, mechanisms driving such events not well understood. Here, we use high‐frequency output from fully coupled Earth system model all processes influence surface temperature budgets ultimately [H ] Ω anomalies quantify onset decline high low events. We show enhanced plays crucial role extremes, with increased net heat being dominant driver event subtropics. In mid‐to‐high latitudes, decreased downward vertical diffusion mixing warm waters during summer, carbon‐rich subsurface winter main drivers onset. tropics, increases advection primary extremes. contrast, extremes driven most regions by concentration due waters. Our study highlights complex interplay between OAX provides first foundation for more accurate prediction their future evolution.

Language: Английский

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Rapid climate change alters the environment and biological production of the Indian Ocean

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 906, P. 167342 - 167342

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Language: Английский

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Global Synthesis of the Status and Trends of Ocean Acidification Impacts on Shelled Pteropods

Oceanography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean has major ecological, socioeconomic, and biogeochemical impacts, with repercussions for as a critical carbon sink. Ocean acidification (OA) disproportionally affects marine calcifiers, among which pelagic zooplanktonic pteropods play significant role carbonate export. pteropod, due to susceptibility its aragonite shell rapid dissolution, is one most vulnerable groups key indicator OA regional monitoring, but sensitivities have not yet been extrapolated over global scales. To delineate spatial temporal changes pteropod status rate change were evaluated, based on gridded climatologies observations using Regional Modeling System (ROMS) biogeochemical/ecosystem model. Pteropods dominate polar upwelling regions characterized by low saturation state buffering capacity, where extended subsurface dissolution projected. We show that are susceptible regions, subpolar North Pacific, eastern boundary system particularly California Humboldt Current Systems. Rates corresponding increases projected be fastest South Equatorial Currents.

Language: Английский

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Changes in global DMS production driven by increased CO2 levels and its impact on radiative forcing

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Our study highlights the importance of understanding future changes in dimethyl-sulfide (DMS), largest natural sulfur source, context ocean acidification driven by elevated CO 2 levels. We found a strong negative correlation ( R = 0.89) between partial pressure carbon dioxide (pCO ) and sea-surface DMS concentrations based on global observational datasets, not adequately captured Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth System Models (ESMs). Using this relationship, we refined projections CMIP6 ESMs. reveals decrease associated aerosol radiative forcing compared to ESMs’ results. These reductions represent ~9.5% 11.1% forcings resulting from radiation cloud interactions 2100 reported Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report. Thus, climate should account for implications production due acidification.

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomic insights into cessation of clam embryonic development following transgenerational exposure to ocean acidity extreme

Marine Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 106561 - 106561

Published: May 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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An observation-based method to estimate carbonate system variations in the Labrador Sea

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

The ocean carbonate system consists of pH, alkalinity, inorganic carbon and the partial pressure dioxide, during current era anthropogenic change, its dynamics are key for understanding changes in ecosystem over time. focus this study is to estimate Labrador Sea with time series methods, using direct observations from surface interior, chemical relationships between variables. Interior minimal some these variables, however, connections variables rooted chemistry were used create pseudo-observations CO2SYS, increasing information available. A state space model was designed that combined GLODAP SOCAT along a system. 1993 2016 shows rates DIC (0.57-1.16 µmol kg − 1 year ) fCO 2 (0.70-2.45 µatm ), as well acidification via pH trends (0.0007-0.0018 ). These ranges describe scale occurring at various depths through water column, though they do not change linearly depth. Largest found DIC, 500-1500 m , pH. Total alkalinity also decreased correlated freshening salinity. With core estimated, other aspects calculated such aragonite calcite saturation states, Revelle factor, species. Our method calculates uncertainties vary depth based on availability their variance, which has lowered uncertainty by 71% 64% compared time-independent methods.

Language: Английский

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