The expanding roles of myonuclei in adult skeletal muscle health and function DOI
Agnieszka Borowik, Kevin A. Murach, Benjamin F. Miller

et al.

Biochemical Society Transactions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 2603 - 2616

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Skeletal muscle cells (myofibers) require multiple nuclei to support a cytoplasmic volume that is larger than other mononuclear cell types. It dogmatic mammalian resident myonuclei rely on stem (specifically satellite cells) for adding new DNA fibers facilitate expansion occurs during growth. In this review, we discuss the relationship between size and supporting genetic material. We present evidence may undergo synthesis as strategy increase material in myofibers independent from cells. then describe details of our experiments demonstrated can replicate vivo. Finally, findings context expanding knowledge about myonuclear heterogeneity, mobility shape. also address why replication potentially important provide future directions remaining unknowns. Myonuclear replication, coupled with discoveries transcription, morphology, behavior response stress, opportunities leverage previously unappreciated skeletal biological processes therapeutic targets mass, function, plasticity.

Language: Английский

Mixed clonal-aggregative multicellularity entrained by extreme salinity fluctuations in a close relative of animals DOI Creative Commons
Núria Ros-Rocher, Josean Reyes-Rivera, Uzuki Horo

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 27, 2024

Multicellularity evolved multiple times independently during eukaryotic diversification 1-4 . Two distinct mechanisms underpin multicellularity 5 : clonal development (serial cell division of a single precursor cell) and aggregation (in which independent cells assemble into multicellular entity). Clonal aggregative are traditionally considered mutually exclusive 1,6-9 , evolutionary hypotheses have addressed why might diverge toward one or the other extreme 3,4 Both animals their sister group, choanoflagellates, currently thought to only develop clonally 10,11 apparently supporting an exclusively pre-history for animal 4,12 Here, we show that choanoflagellate Choanoeca flexa closest living relatives 13 develops motile contractile monolayers (or "sheets") through unexpectedly mixed, plastic mechanism: C. sheets can form by purely processes, combination both. We characterize life history in its natural environment, ephemeral splash pools on island Curaçao, is controlled salinity cycles pool evaporation refilling. Different house genetically strains between constrained kin recognition, hallmark 14-17 propose clonal-aggregative allows fast reversible transitions unicellular lifestyles this rapidly fluctuating environment. Our findings challenge former generalizations about choanoflagellate-animal lineage expand option space evolution multicellularity.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
The nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio drives cellularization in the close animal relative Sphaeroforma arctica DOI Creative Commons
Marine Olivetta, Omaya Dudin

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(8), P. 1597 - 1605.e3

Published: March 29, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

17
3D reconstructions of parasite development and the intracellular niche of the microsporidian pathogen Encephalitozoon intestinalis DOI Creative Commons
Noelle V. Antao, Miu Ling Lam, А. В. Давыдов

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Microsporidia are an early-diverging group of fungal pathogens with a wide host range. Several microsporidian species cause opportunistic infections in humans that can be fatal. As obligate intracellular parasites highly reduced genomes, microsporidia dependent on metabolites for successful replication and development. Our knowledge development remains rudimentary, our understanding the niche occupied by has relied 2D TEM images light microscopy. Here, we use serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to capture 3D snapshots human-infecting species, Encephalitozoon intestinalis , within cells. We track E. through its life cycle, which allows us propose model how infection organelle, polar tube, is assembled de novo developing spores. reconstructions parasite-infected cells provide insights into physical interactions between cell organelles parasitophorous vacuoles, contain parasites. The mitochondrial network substantially remodeled during infection, leading fragmentation. SBF-SEM analysis shows changes morphology infected cells, live-cell imaging provides dynamics infection. data parasite development, tube assembly, microsporidia-induced mitochondria remodeling.

Language: Английский

Citations

14
Nuclear instance segmentation and tracking for preimplantation mouse embryos DOI Creative Commons
Hayden Nunley, Binglun Shao, David Denberg

et al.

Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 151(21)

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

ABSTRACT For investigations into fate specification and morphogenesis in time-lapse images of preimplantation embryos, automated 3D instance segmentation tracking nuclei are invaluable. Low signal-to-noise ratio, high voxel anisotropy, nuclear density, variable shapes can limit the performance methods, while is complicated by cell divisions, low frame rates, sample movements. Supervised machine learning approaches radically improve accuracy enable easier tracking, but they often require large amounts annotated data. Here, we first report a previously unreported mouse line expressing near-infrared reporter H2B-miRFP720. We then generate dataset (termed BlastoSPIM) H2B-miRFP720-expressing embryos with ground truth for instances. Using BlastoSPIM, benchmark seven convolutional neural networks identify Stardist-3D as most accurate method. With our BlastoSPIM-trained models, construct complete pipeline lineage from eight-cell stage to end development (>100 nuclei). Finally, demonstrate usefulness BlastoSPIM pre-train data related problems, both different imaging modality model systems.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Global control of RNA polymerase II DOI Creative Commons
Alexander Gillis, Scott M. Berry

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1867(2), P. 195024 - 195024

Published: March 27, 2024

RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the multi-protein complex responsible for transcribing all protein-coding messenger (mRNA). Most research on gene regulation focused mechanisms controlling which genes are transcribed when, or mechanics of transcription. How global Pol activity determined receives comparatively less attention. Here, we follow life a molecule from 'assembly complex' to nuclear import, enzymatic activity, and degradation. We focus how spends its time in nucleus, two-way relationship between abundance context homeostasis transcriptional changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
When one nucleus is not enough: Intestinal polyploidy fuels healthier progeny in C. elegans DOI Open Access
Priya Sivaramakrishnan

The Journal of Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 224(3)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

In this issue, Lessenger and colleagues (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202403154) investigate why certain differentiated tissues require extremely high DNA content. Using the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, they show that restricting genome copies in intestinal cells triggers compensatory gene expression adaptations, which maintain organismal fitness at expense of offspring vitality.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Environmentally Relevant Lead Exposure Alters Cell Morphology and Expression of Neural Hallmarks During SH-SY5Y Neuronal Differentiation DOI Creative Commons
Rachel K. Morgan, Anagha Tapaswi, Katelyn M. Polemi

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Lead (Pb) continues to be a public health burden, in the US and around world, yet effects of historical current exposure levels on neurogenesis are not fully understood. Here we examine range environmentally relevant Pb concentrations (0.16μM, 1.26μM, 10μM Pb) relative control neural differentiation SH-SY5Y cell model. began Day 5 continued throughout at 18. We assessed morphological measures related several time points during this process, including expression proteins key (β-tubulin III GAP43), number size, as well development neurites. The bulk detectable changes occurred with exposure, most notably that β-tubulin GAP43 expression. Effects 0.16μM 1.26μM conditions increased progressed, significant reductions nuclear size length projections by Best benchmark concentration (BMC) analysis revealed many these metrics susceptible or below historically levels. This work highlights disruption neurite formation protein potential new mechanisms which impacts morphology perturb cognitive life course.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Exogenous ethanol induces cell giantism accompanied by enhanced accumulation of lipid and carbohydrates in Chlorella sorokiniana DOI
Rediat Abate, Yonghong Bi, Gaofei Song

et al.

Journal of Applied Phycology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(4), P. 1635 - 1651

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Gnao1 is a molecular switch that regulates the Rho signaling pathway in differentiating neurons DOI Creative Commons

Ryoji Taira,

Satoshi Akamine,

Sayaka Okuzono

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 24, 2024

GNAO1 encodes G protein subunit alpha O1 (Gαo). Pathogenic variations in cause developmental delay, intractable seizures, and progressive involuntary movements from early infancy. Because the functional role of developing brain remains unclear, therapeutic strategies are still unestablished for patients presenting with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy. We herein report that siRNA-mediated depletion Gnao1 perturbs expression transcripts associated Rho GTPase signaling Neuro2a cells. Consistently, siRNA treatment hampered neurite outgrowth extension. Growth cone formation was markedly disrupted monolayer neurons differentiated iPSCs a patient pathogenic variant Gαo (p.G203R). This disabled neuro-spherical assembly, acquisition organized structure, polarized signals phospho-MLC2 cortical organoids patient's iPSCs. confirmed kinase inhibitor Y27632 restored these morphological phenotypes. Thus, determines self-organizing process by regulating Rho-associated pathway. These data suggest pathway might be an alternative target therapy

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Plant cell size: Links to cell cycle, differentiation and ploidy DOI Creative Commons
Sara Cristina Pinto, Boris Stojilković, Xinyu Zhang

et al.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78, P. 102527 - 102527

Published: March 13, 2024

Cell size affects many processes, including exchange of nutrients and external signals, cell division tissue mechanics. Across eukaryotes, cells have evolved mechanisms that assess their own to inform processes such as cycle progression or gene expression. Here, we review recent progress in understanding plant regulation its implications, relating these findings work other eukaryotes. Highlights include use DNA contents reference point control the shoot meristems, a size-dependent fate decision during stomatal development insights into interconnection between ploidy, wall

Language: Английский

Citations

2