Molecular and Cellular Biology,
Journal Year:
2011,
Volume and Issue:
32(1), P. 2 - 11
Published: Oct. 25, 2011
Living
cells
are
adaptive
self-sustaining
systems.
They
strictly
depend
on
the
sufficient
supply
of
oxygen,
energy,
and
nutrients
from
outside
in
order
to
sustain
their
internal
organization.
However,
as
autonomous
entities
they
able
monitor
appropriately
adapt
any
critical
fluctuation
environment.
In
case
insufficient
external
nutrient
or
augmented
energy
demands,
start
extensively
digest
own
interior.
This
process,
known
macroautophagy,
comprises
transport
cytosolic
portions
entire
organelles
lysosomal
compartment
via
specific
double-membrane
vesicles,
called
autophagosomes.
Although
upregulated
under
restriction,
a
low
level
basal
autophagy
is
likewise
crucial
cellular
homeostasis.
On
other
hand,
have
avoid
excessive
enduring
self-digestion.
The
delicate
balance
between
production
consumption
demanding
task.
complex
protein
network
that
senses
precisely
reacts
environmental
changes
thus
mainly
regulated
by
rapid
reversible
posttranslational
modifications
such
phosphorylation.
review
focuses
serine/threonine
kinases
AMP-activated
kinase,
mammalian
target
rapamycin
(mTOR),
unc-51-like
kinase
1/2
(Ulk1/2),
three
interconnected
major
junctions
within
regulating
signaling
network.
Antioxidants and Redox Signaling,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
20(7), P. 1126 - 1167
Published: Sept. 2, 2013
Abstract
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
key
signaling
molecules
that
play
an
important
role
in
the
progression
of
inflammatory
disorders.
An
enhanced
ROS
generation
by
polymorphonuclear
neutrophils
(PMNs)
at
site
inflammation
causes
endothelial
dysfunction
and
tissue
injury.
The
vascular
endothelium
plays
passage
macromolecules
cells
from
blood
to
tissue.
Under
conditions,
oxidative
stress
produced
PMNs
leads
opening
inter-endothelial
junctions
promotes
migration
across
barrier.
migrated
not
only
help
clearance
pathogens
foreign
particles
but
also
lead
current
review
compiles
past
research
area
with
particular
emphasis
on
stress-mediated
mechanisms
involved
Journal of Innate Immunity,
Journal Year:
2013,
Volume and Issue:
5(5), P. 444 - 455
Published: Jan. 1, 2013
Autophagy
is
a
major
route
by
which
cytoplasmic
contents
are
delivered
to
the
lysosome
for
degradation.
Many
autophagy-related
(ATG)
genes
have
been
identified
in
yeast.
Although
most
of
them
conserved
human,
molecular
composition
Atg1
complex
appears
differ
between
yeast
and
mammals.
In
yeast,
forms
with
Atg11,
Atg13,
Atg17,
Atg29
Atg31,
whereas
mammalian
(ULK1/2)
interacts
Atg13
FIP200.
Here,
we
identify
novel
binding
protein,
named
Atg101.
Atg101
shows
no
homology
other
Atg
proteins,
various
eukaryotes,
but
not
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.
associates
ULK-Atg13-FIP200
complex,
likely
through
direct
interaction
Atg13.
siRNA-treated
cells,
present
solely
as
monomer.
Interaction
stable,
regulated
nutrient
conditions.
GFP-Atg101
localizes
isolation
membrane/phagophore.
GFP-LC3
dot
formation
suppressed
endogenous
LC3-I
accumulates
suggesting
that
critical
factor
autophagy.
Furthermore,
important
stability
basal
phosphorylation
ULK1.
These
data
suggest
protein
functions
together
ULK,
Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 1616 - 1632
Published: Jan. 1, 2017
MicroRNAs
(miRNAs)
are
a
group
of
noncoding
RNA
molecules
20-23
nucleotides
length
that
negatively
regulate
gene
expressions
in
numerous
cellular
processes.
Through
complementary
paring
with
target
mRNAs,
miRNAs
have
frequently
emerged
as
dual
regulators
cancer
development
by
acting
on
multiple
signaling
pathways,
thereby
act
novel
biomarkers
for
diagnosis,
prognosis,
and
prediction
response
to
treatment.
As
one
them,
miR-30a
has
been
found
an
onco-suppressor
tumorigenesis
pathways
through
inhibition
proliferation,
migration
invasion.
Simultaneously,
plays
progressing
role
several
types
cancer,
determined
relevant
genes
well.
In
the
present
review,
we
summarize
recent
research
regarding
miR-30a,
including
its
biological
function,
expression
regulation,
especially
focusing
progression.
Clinically,
may
serve
potential
diagnosis
therapy
human
cancer.
