Dietary Interventions, Supplements, and Plant-Derived Compounds for Adjunct Vitiligo Management: A Review of the Literature DOI Open Access
Michael J. Diaz,

Jasmine Tran,

D W Rose

et al.

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 357 - 357

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune pigmentation disorder shaped by complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. While conventional therapies—phototherapy, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants—can be effective, their benefits are often partial temporary, with recurrence common once treatment stops. As such, there increasing interest in exploring complementary approaches that may offer more sustainable impact. Emerging evidence suggests macronutrient micronutrient-level changes could beneficial for managing progression and, some cases, facilitating repigmentation. Antioxidant-rich foods, such as apples, green tea, Indian gooseberry, onions, peppers, help mitigate oxidative stress, while inflammatory gluten high-phenol nuts berries, exacerbate the condition. Certain supplements, including high-dose vitamin D, C, E, selenium, enhance phototherapy outcomes. Omega-3 other unsaturated fatty acids, addition to prebiotics probiotics, under active investigation roles gut health immune regulation. Notably, plant-derived compounds, i.e., Ginkgo biloba, have demonstrated promise promoting repigmentation disease progression. However, it must emphasized these nutritional interventions remain exploratory, research needed establish efficacy, safety, optimal usage before they can recommended part standard regimen.

Language: Английский

Mechanisms of melanocyte death in vitiligo DOI Creative Commons

Jianru Chen,

Shuli Li, Chunying Li

et al.

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(2), P. 1138 - 1166

Published: Nov. 17, 2020

Abstract Vitiligo is an autoimmune depigment disease results from extensive melanocytes destruction. The destruction of melanocyte thought to be multifactorial causation. Genome‐wide associated studies have identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in a panel susceptible loci as risk factors death. But vitiligo onset can't solely attributed susceptive genetic background. Oxidative stress triggered by elevated levels reactive oxygen species accounts for melanocytic molecular and organelle dysfunction, minority demise, melanocyte‐specific antigens exposure. Of note, the self‐responsive immune function directly contributes bulk deaths vitiligo. aberrantly heightened innate immunity, type‐1‐skewed T helper, incompetent regulatory cells tip balance toward autoreaction CD8 + cytotoxic lymphocytes finally execute killing melanocytes, possibly alarmed resident memory cells. In addition well‐established apoptosis necrosis, we discuss several death modalities like oxeiptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis that are probably employed This review focuses on various mechanisms pathogenesis demonstrate panorama that. We hope provide new insights into treatment strategies review.

Language: Английский

Citations

195
Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications DOI
Christina Bergqvist, Khaled Ezzedine

The Journal of Dermatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 252 - 270

Published: Jan. 6, 2021

Abstract Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting disorder affecting 0.1%–2% of population worldwide. The characteristic white patches result from selective loss melanocytes. Sustained recent efforts have resulted in a detailed understanding genetic architecture vitiligo. About 80% vitiligo risk attributable to factors; and rest (20%) environment. Over past decade, substantial progress has been made our pathogenesis which now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Melanocytes patients with are more susceptible oxidative stress begets release exosomes inflammatory cytokines that will lead activation innate immune response subsequently adaptive through autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These produce interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) promotes disease progression IFN‐γ‐induced chemokine secretion surrounding keratinocytes further recruit cells skin positive feedback loop. CD8 tissue‐resident memory turn responsible for long‐term maintenance potential relapse human cytokine‐mediated recruitment circulation. This review summarizes current knowledge on attempt give overview future treatment.

Language: Английский

Citations

192
Anatomically distinct fibroblast subsets determine skin autoimmune patterns DOI
Zijian Xu,

Daoming Chen,

Yucheng Hu

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 601(7891), P. 118 - 124

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

168
Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Review DOI Creative Commons
Qi Fei, Fang Liu, Ling Gao

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Vitiligo is a multifactorial reversible skin disorder characterized by distinct white patches that result from melanocyte destruction. Activated CXCR3+ CD8+ T cells promote detachment and apoptosis through interferon-gamma (IFN-γ secretion chemokines secreted keratinocytes the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer activator of transcription (STAT)-1 signaling pathway results in further recruitment formation positive-feedback loop. JAK inhibitors target JAK/STAT are now approved to treat many immune-related diseases. In treatment vitiligo, inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, baricitinib, tofacitinib, effective, supporting implication IFN-γ-chemokine axis pathogenesis vitiligo. However, more studies required determine ideal dosage for identify other inflammatory pathways may be implicated this condition.

Language: Английский

Citations

122
Accelerating skin regeneration and wound healing by controlled ROS from photodynamic treatment DOI Creative Commons
Khatereh Khorsandi, Reza Hosseinzadeh,

HomaSadat Esfahani

et al.

Inflammation and Regeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Abstract Cellular metabolisms produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are essential for cellular signaling pathways and physiological functions. Nevertheless, ROS act as “double-edged swords” that have an unstable redox balance between production removal. A little raise of results in cell proliferation enhancement, survival, soft immune responses, while a high level could lead to damage consequently protein, nucleic acid, lipid damages finally death. play important role various pathological circumstances. On the contrary, can show selective toxicity is used against cancer cells pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) based on three components including photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, light. Upon excitation PS at specific wavelength, PDT process begins leads generation. produced during induce two different pathways. If produces control low ROS, it differentiation. However, excess by causes photo main mechanism treatment. This review summarizes functions living systems describes controllable special focus current ROS-generating therapeutic protocols regeneration wound healing.

Language: Английский

Citations

100
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: A Culprit for Melanocyte Death DOI Creative Commons
Yijie Xuan, Yiwen Yang, Leihong Xiang

et al.

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 12

Published: Jan. 22, 2022

Vitiligo is a common chronic acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by loss of pigmentation. Among various hypotheses proposed for the pathogenesis vitiligo, oxidative stress-induced immune response that ultimately leads to melanocyte death remains most widely accepted. Oxidative stress which causes elevated levels reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead dysfunction molecules and organelles, triggering further response, death. In recent years, variety cell modes have been studied, including apoptosis, autophagy autophagic death, ferroptosis, other novel will be discussed in this review detail. also strongly linked these Under stress, ROS could induce activating Nrf2 antioxidant pathway melanocytes. However, persistent stimulation might eventually excessive activation pathway, turn inactivate autophagy. Moreover, ferroptosis may triggered oxidative-related transcriptional production, ARE, positive feedback loop related p62, reduced activity expression GPX4. Therefore, it reasonable infer are involved acts as an initiator through some complex mechanisms. study, we aim summarize role vitiligo discuss corresponding mechanisms interaction between stress. These findings provide new ideas exploring potential therapeutic targets vitiligo.

Language: Английский

Citations

92
Update on the pathogenesis of vitiligo DOI Creative Commons
Helena Zenedin Marchioro, Caio César Silva de Castro, Vinicius M. Fava

et al.

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 478 - 490

Published: May 25, 2022

Vitiligo is a complex disease whose pathogenesis results from the interaction of genetic components, metabolic factors linked to cellular oxidative stress, melanocyte adhesion epithelium, and immunity (innate adaptive), which culminate in aggression against melanocytes. In vitiligo, melanocytes are more sensitive damage, leading increased expression proinflammatory proteins such as HSP70. The lower epithelial molecules, DDR1 E-cadherin, facilitates damage exposure antigens that favor autoimmunity. Activation type 1-IFN pathway perpetuates direct action CD8+ cells melanocytes, facilitated by regulatory T-cell dysfunction. identification several genes involved these processes sets stage for development maintenance. However, relationship vitiligo with environmental factors, psychological comorbidities, elements define individual susceptibility challenge integration theories related its pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

90
Exosomes: The emerging mechanisms and potential clinical applications in dermatology DOI Creative Commons
Honghao Yu,

Heting Feng,

Hong Zeng

et al.

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(5), P. 1778 - 1795

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Skin tissue, composed of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous is the largest organ human body.It serves as a protective barrier against pathogens physical trauma plays crucial role in maintaining homeostasis.Skin diseases, such psoriasis, dermatitis, vitiligo, are prevalent can seriously impact quality patient life.Exosomes lipid bilayer vesicles derived from multiple cells with conserved biomarkers important mediators intercellular communication.Exosomes skin cells, blood, stem main types exosomes that involved modulating microenvironment.The dysregulation exosome occurrence transmission, well alterations their cargoes, complex pathogenesis inflammatory autoimmune diseases.Therefore, promising diagnostic therapeutic targets for diseases.Importantly, exogenous exosomes, or play improving environment repairing damaged tissues by carrying various specific active substances involving variety pathways.In domain clinical practice, have garnered attention prospective agents including psoriasis vitiligo.Furthermore, investigations substantiated regenerative efficacy cell-derived repair.In this review, we mainly summarize latest studies about mechanisms applications dermatology, atopic systemic lupus erythematosus, sclerosis, diabetic wound healing, hypertrophic scar keloid, aging.This will provide novel perspective diagnosis treatment dermatosis.

Language: Английский

Citations

24
Preparation of Ethosome Gel with Total Flavonoids from Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. for the Treatment of Vitiligo DOI Creative Commons
Dongmei Qin, Yongjie Cui, M.-H Zheng

et al.

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 73 - 73

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. is a traditional medicinal herb in Chinese medicine, extensively used by various ethnic groups due to the numerous advantages derived from its total flavonoids. These benefits encompass anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, promotion of melanin production, showcasing significant efficacy addressing vitiligo. To improve transdermal absorption enhance effectiveness treatment, ethosome containing flavonoids were prepared utilizing ultrasound injection technique. The resulting was then carefully mixed with 0.7% Carbomer 934 gel equal parts, yielding concentration 0.302 mg/g. This formulation produced small, consistent that exhibited high encapsulation efficiency notable stability. In vitro analyses demonstrated sustained release characteristics considerable therapeutic against vitiligo hydroquinone exposure. Histological examinations performed through hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining mouse skin revealed increased production activities tyrosinase (TYR), cholinesterase (CHE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), while levels superoxide dismutase (SOD) malondialdehyde (MDA) reduced. findings underscore promising this treatment strategy validate dosage form.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
A Review of the Pharmacological Properties of Psoralen DOI Creative Commons
Yali Ren, Xiaominting Song, Lu Tan

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Psoralen is the principal bioactive component in dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia L. termed "Buguzhi" traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Recent studies have demonstrated that psoralen displays multiple properties, beneficial for treatment osteoporosis, tumors, viruses, bacteria, and inflammation. The present review focuses on research evidence relating to properties gathered over recent years. Firstly, exerts strong anti-osteoporotic effects via regulation osteoblast/osteoclast/chondrocyte differentiation or activation due participation molecular mechanisms wnt/β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) / apoptosis signaling kinase (ASK1)/ c-jun N-terminal (JNK) Protein Kinase B(AKT) activator protein-1 (AP-1) axis, expression miR-488, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, antitumor are associated with induction ER stress-related cell death enhancement PERK: Pancreatic Endoplasmic Reticulum (PERK)/activating transcription factor (ATF), glucose-regulated 78 (GRP78) C/EBP homologous (CHOP) 94 (GRP94)/CHOP signaling, inhibition P-glycoprotein (P-gp) ATPase overcomes multidrug resistance. Furthermore, articles shown antibacterial, anti-inflammatory neuroprotective a result its interaction viral polymerase (Pol), destroying formation biofilm, regulating tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth beta (TGF-β), interleukin 4/5/6/8/12/13 (IL-4/5/6/8/12/13), GATA-3, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Finally, toxic action also been reviewed.

Language: Английский

Citations

99