Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Sept. 27, 2023
Abstract
Vaccination
reduces
morbidity
and
mortality
due
to
infections,
but
efficacy
may
be
limited
distinct
immunogenicity
at
the
extremes
of
age.
This
raises
possibility
employing
adjuvants
enhance
protection.
Early
IFNγ
production
is
a
hallmark
effective
vaccine
in
adults
serving
as
biomarker
that
predict
adjuvanticity.
We
utilized
mass
cytometry
(CyTOF)
dissect
source
adjuvant-induced
cytokine
human
blood
mononuclear
cells
(BMCs)
from
newborns
(~39-week-gestation),
(~18-63
years
old)
elders
(>65
age)
after
stimulation
with
pattern
recognition
receptors
agonist
(PRRa)
adjuvants.
Dimensionality
reduction
analysis
CyTOF
data
mapped
BMC
compartment,
elucidated
age-specific
immune
responses
profiled
PRR-mediated
activation
monocytes
DCs
upon
adjuvant
stimulation.
Furthermore,
we
demonstrated
PRRa
mediated
innate
induction
NK
key
TLR7/8
(TLR7/8a)
specific
responses.
Hierarchical
clustering
revealed
age
TLR7/8a-specific
accumulation
producing
γδ
T
cells.
Our
study
demonstrates
application
cutting-edge
computational
approaches
characterize
across
immunologically
groups
inform
identification
bespoke
adjuvantation
systems
tailored
immunity
vulnerable
populations.
Immunological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
322(1), P. 98 - 112
Published: Jan. 9, 2024
Summary
Human
autoantibodies
(auto‐Abs)
neutralizing
type
I
IFNs
were
first
discovered
in
a
woman
with
disseminated
shingles
and
described
by
Ion
Gresser
from
1981
to
1984.
They
have
since
been
found
patients
diverse
conditions
are
even
used
as
diagnostic
criterion
autoimmune
polyendocrinopathy
syndrome
1
(APS‐1).
However,
their
apparent
lack
of
association
viral
diseases,
including
shingles,
led
wide
acceptance
the
conclusion
that
they
had
no
pathological
consequences.
This
perception
began
change
2020,
when
underlie
about
15%
cases
critical
COVID‐19
pneumonia.
shown
other
severe
5%,
20%,
40%
influenza
pneumonia,
MERS
West
Nile
virus
encephalitis,
respectively.
also
seem
be
associated
various
settings.
These
auto‐Abs
present
all
age
groups
general
population,
but
frequency
increases
reach
at
least
5%
elderly.
We
estimate
100
million
people
worldwide
carry
IFNs.
Here,
we
briefly
review
history
study
these
auto‐Abs,
focusing
particularly
on
known
causes
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
221(2)
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
We
found
that
19
(10.4%)
of
183
unvaccinated
children
hospitalized
for
COVID-19
pneumonia
had
autoantibodies
(auto-Abs)
neutralizing
type
I
IFNs
(IFN-α2
in
10
patients:
IFN-α2
only
three,
plus
IFN-ω
five,
and
IFN-α2,
IFN-β
two;
nine
patients).
Seven
(3.8%)
Abs
at
least
ng/ml
one
IFN,
whereas
the
other
12
(6.6%)
100
pg/ml.
The
auto-Abs
neutralized
both
unglycosylated
glycosylated
IFNs.
also
detected
pg/ml
4
2,267
uninfected
(0.2%)
45
(2%).
odds
ratios
(ORs)
life-threatening
were,
therefore,
higher
(OR
[95%
CI]
=
67.6
[5.7-9,196.6])
than
2.6
[1.2-5.3]).
ORs
were
high
concentrations
12.9
[4.6-35.9])
those
low
5.5
[3.1-9.6])
and/or
IFN-α2.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
221(10)
Published: Sept. 24, 2024
Tick-borne
encephalitis
(TBE)
virus
(TBEV)
is
transmitted
to
humans
via
tick
bites.
Infection
benign
in
>90%
of
the
cases
but
can
cause
mild
(<5%),
moderate
(<4%),
or
severe
(<1%)
encephalitis.
We
show
here
that
∼10%
patients
hospitalized
for
TBE
cohorts
from
Austria,
Czech
Republic,
and
France
carry
auto-Abs
neutralizing
IFN-α2,
-β,
and/or
-ω
at
onset
disease,
contrasting
with
only
∼1%
TBE.
These
were
found
two
eight
who
died
none
13
silent
infection.
The
odds
ratios
(OR)
individuals
these
relative
those
without
them
general
population
4.9
(95%
CI:
1.5–15.9,
P
<
0.0001)
neutralization
100
pg/ml
IFN-α2
-ω,
20.8
4.5–97.4,
10
ng/ml
-ω.
Auto-Abs
type
I
IFNs
accounted
three
European
cohorts.
Rheumatology Science and Practice,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
62(1), P. 32 - 54
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
The
pandemic
of
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19),
etiologically
related
to
the
SARS-CoV-2
virus
(severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus-2),
has
drawn
attention
new
clinical
and
fundamental
problems
in
immunopathology
human
diseases
associated
with
virus-induced
autoimmunity
autoinflammation.
provision
that
“the
experience
gained
rheumatology
process
studying
pathogenetic
mechanisms
pharmacotherapy
immunoinflammatory
rheumatic
as
most
common
severe
forms
autoimmune
autoinflammatory
pathology
humans
will
be
demand
for
deciphering
nature
pathological
processes
underlying
COVID-19
developing
approaches
effective
pharmacotherapy”
was
confirmed
numerous
studies
conducted
over
next
3
years
midst
pandemic.
main
focus
on
a
critical
analysis
data
regarding
role
inflammation,
which
basis
pathogenesis
immune-mediated
context
COVID-19.
Endocrine Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
45(2), P. 281 - 308
Published: Nov. 2, 2023
Abstract
Obesity,
diabetes
mellitus
(mostly
type
2),
and
COVID-19
show
mutual
interactions
because
they
are
not
only
risk
factors
for
both
acute
chronic
manifestations,
but
also
alters
energy
metabolism.
Such
metabolic
alterations
can
lead
to
dysglycemia
long-lasting
effects.
Thus,
the
pandemic
has
potential
a
further
rise
of
pandemic.
This
review
outlines
how
preexisting
spanning
from
excess
visceral
adipose
tissue
hyperglycemia
overt
may
exacerbate
severity.
We
summarize
different
effects
SARS-CoV-2
infection
on
key
organs
tissues
orchestrating
metabolism,
including
tissue,
liver,
skeletal
muscle,
pancreas.
Last,
we
provide
an
integrative
view
derangements
that
occur
during
COVID-19.
Altogether,
this
allows
better
understanding
occurring
when
fire
starts
small
flame,
thereby
help
reducing
impact
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: June 8, 2024
Vaccination
reduces
morbidity
and
mortality
due
to
infections,
but
efficacy
may
be
limited
distinct
immunogenicity
at
the
extremes
of
age.
This
raises
possibility
employing
adjuvants
enhance
protection.
Early
IFNγ
production
is
a
hallmark
effective
vaccine
in
adults
serving
as
biomarker
that
predict
adjuvanticity.
We
utilized
mass
cytometry
(CyTOF)
dissect
source
adjuvant-induced
cytokine
human
blood
mononuclear
cells
(BMCs)
from
newborns
(~39-week-gestation),
(~18-63
years
old)
elders
(>65
age)
after
stimulation
with
pattern
recognition
receptors
agonist
(PRRa)
adjuvants.
Dimensionality
reduction
analysis
CyTOF
data
mapped
BMC
compartment,
elucidated
age-specific
immune
responses
profiled
PRR-mediated
activation
monocytes
DCs
upon
adjuvant
stimulation.
Furthermore,
we
demonstrated
PRRa
mediated
innate
induction
NK
key
TLR7/8
(TLR7/8a)
specific
responses.
Hierarchical
clustering
revealed
age
TLR7/8a-specific
accumulation
producing
γδ
T
cells.
Our
study
demonstrates
application
cutting-edge
computational
approaches
characterize
across
immunologically
groups
inform
identification
bespoke
adjuvantation
systems
tailored
immunity
vulnerable
populations.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(9), P. 2179 - 2179
Published: Aug. 29, 2023
Interferons
(IFN)
are
an
assemblage
of
signaling
proteins
made
and
released
by
various
host
cells
in
response
to
stimuli,
including
viruses.
Respiratory
syncytial
virus
(RSV),
influenza
virus,
SARS-CoV-2
major
causes
respiratory
disease
that
induce
or
antagonize
IFN
responses
depending
on
factors.
In
this
review,
the
role
function
type
I,
II,
III
infections
considered.
addition,
viral
modifying
anti-viral
immunity
is
noted,
as
specific
underly
correlates
protection
from
disease.
Virology Journal,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: March 12, 2025
Echovirus
30
(E30)
is
a
significant
pathogen
associated
with
various
illnesses
such
as
viral
meningitis,
myocarditis.
Currently,
there
are
no
specific
drugs
or
vaccines
targeting
this
virus.
An
appropriate
animal
model
imperative
for
assessing
drug
and
vaccine
efficacy.
This
investigation
aimed
to
establish
neonatal
mouse
using
clinical
isolate
E30/A538
apply
it
screen
anti-E30
drugs.
The
study
involved
evaluating
the
susceptibility
of
different
strains
isolate,
determining
infectious
dose,
transmission
route,
optimal
age
mice.
was
then
used
assess
antiviral
Neonatal
ICR
mice
infected
intracranially
5LD50
at
one-day-old
displayed
symptoms
tremors,
lethargy,
limb
paralysis,
mortality.
Importantly,
E30/A538-infected
exhibited
brain
neuron
apoptosis
severe
myocardial
necrolysis,
closely
resembling
human
infections.
Elevated
levels
RNA
positive
antigen
presence
were
predominantly
detected
in
brains
hearts
Using
efficacy,
demonstrated
that
interferon-α2a
inhibited
replication
vivo,
mitigated
histopathological
changes
brain,
spinal
cord,
myocardium,
enhanced
survival
rate
In
summary,
research
established
wild
infection
mirrors
characteristics
infection.
efficacy
combating
E30.
would
serve
foundation
investigating
pathogenesis
E30,
well
other
treatments
against
Immunological Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 17
Published: April 8, 2025
The
study
of
Inborn
Errors
Immunity
(IEIs)
is
critical
for
understanding
the
complex
mechanisms
human
immune
response
to
infectious
diseases.
Specific
IEIs,
characterized
by
selective
susceptibility
certain
pathogens,
have
enhanced
our
key
molecular
pathways
and
cellular
subsets
involved
in
host
defense
against
pathogens.
These
insights
revealed
that
patients
with
anti-cytokine
autoantibodies
exhibit
phenotypes
similar
those
pathogenic
mutations
genes
encoding
signaling
molecules.
This
new
disease
concept
currently
categorized
as
'Phenocopies
IEI'.
category
includes
targeting
IL-17/IL-22,
IFN-γ,
IL-6,
GM-CSF,
type
I
IFNs.
Abundant
deplete
corresponding
cytokines,
impair
pathways,
increase
specific
We
herein
demonstrate
clinical
etiological
significance
immunity
Insights
from
studies
rare
IEIs
underscore
pathological
importance
cytokine-targeting
autoantibodies.
Simultaneously,
diverse
phenotype
these
suggests
influences
cytokine
dysfunction
are
broader
than
previously
recognized.
Furthermore,
comprehensive
prompted
COVID-19
pandemic
highlighted
substantial
impact
their
potential
role
shaping
outcomes
disease.
