Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 6178 - 6178

Published: June 4, 2024

The respiratory system is constantly exposed to viral infections that are responsible for mild severe diseases. In this narrative review, we focalized the attention on syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, high morbidity mortality in last decades. We reviewed human innate adaptive immune responses airways following infection, focusing a particular population: newborns pregnant women. recent Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted how our interest pathologies must not decrease. Furthermore, increase knowledge of infection mechanisms improve future defense strategies.

Language: Английский

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Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 561 - 561

Published: July 3, 2024

Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. causes acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the "flu" in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia distress syndrome. A (IAV) is most significant because it recurring seasonal epidemics, occasional pandemics, zoonotic outbreaks human populations, globally. The host innate immune response IAV infection plays a critical role sensing, preventing, clearing well disease pathology. Host cells sense through multiple receptors mechanisms, which culminate induction concerted antiviral creation state, inhibits clears from cells. However, antagonizes escapes many steps by different mechanisms. Herein, we review those viral This covers aspects response, i.e., (1) sensing incoming particles, (2) activation downstream signaling pathways, (3) expression interferon-stimulated genes, (4) antagonism escape.

Language: Английский

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Guardians at the gate: Unraveling Type I interferon’s role and challenges posed by anti-interferon antibodies in COVID-19

Progress in molecular biology and translational science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Zataria multiflora Hydroalcoholic Extract: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial on Immune Genes, Inflammation, and Ulcerative Colitis Symptoms

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119527 - 119527

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Layer-by-Layer Microparticle Vaccines Containing a S177Q Point Mutation in the Central Conserved Domain of the RSV G Protein Improves Immunogenicity

Viral Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of disease in the young and old. Recently, pre-fusion F protein vaccines for RSV have received food drug administration (FDA) approval to protect adults aged 60 years older; however, evaluated against typically do not elicit complete or durable protective immunity. We previously showed that an G central conserved domain (CCD) nanoparticle vaccine containing S177Q mutation (NP-S177Q) induced favorable immunogenicity RSV-neutralizing antibodies compared with vaccination alone mice. Boosting BALB/c mice NP-S177Q improved correlates protection reduced markers immunopathology following challenge. This study examined microparticle (MP) displaying CCD (MP-S177Q) adjuvanted monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) Our findings show MP-S177Q develop effective viral neutralization MP-WT bronchoalveolar Th1-type cytokine responses challenge vehicle-vaccinated shows rationally mutated MP safe, effective, can advance precision vaccines.

Language: Английский

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The Role of the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 Axis in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and the Triggered Immune Response

Published: July 11, 2024

Respiratory Syncytial Virus is a common respiratory pathogen known for causing illnesses, ranging from mild symptoms to severe lower tract infections in infants and the elderly. This virus responsible one-third of pneumonia deaths pediatric population, but there are currently only few effective vaccines pharmacological treatments. The frac-talkine (CX3CL1) receptor (CX3CR1) co-receptor RSV expressed by airway epithelial cells diversity immune cells. Recent research has highlighted role CX3CR1 host response infection, its potential development an efficient vaccine novel

Language: Английский

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T Cell Response in Tuberculosis-Infected Patients Vaccinated against COVID-19

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2810 - 2810

Published: Nov. 19, 2023

Many studies have focused on SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infection consequences. However, after a vaccination plan against COVID-19, the cases of severe disease death are consistently controlled, although asymptomatic mild COVID-19 still happen together with (TB) cases. Thus, in this context, we sought to compare T cell response COVID-19-non-vaccinated -vaccinated patients active exposed antigens. Flow cytometry was used analyze activation markers (i.e., CD69 CD137) cytokines (IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-17, IL-10) levels CD4+ CD8+ cells upon exposure peptides. The data obtained showed that from non-vaccinated TB present high frequency TNF-α viral challenge compared vaccinated donors. Conversely, show IL-10 spike peptide stimulus patients. No differences were observed other parameters analyzed. results suggest reduced immune balance coinfected individuals may consequences for pathogen control, necessitating further research understand its impact clinical outcomes those concurrent Mtb infections.

Language: Английский

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Modeling the bystander effect during viral coinfection

Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 594, P. 111928 - 111928

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Role of the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 Axis in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and the Triggered Immune Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 9800 - 9800

Published: Sept. 11, 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes illnesses, ranging from mild symptoms to severe lower tract infections in infants and older adults. This responsible for one-third of pneumonia deaths the pediatric population; however, there are currently only few effective vaccines. A better understanding RSV–host relationship at molecular level may lead more management RSV-related symptoms. The fractalkine (CX3CL1) receptor (CX3CR1) co-receptor RSV expressed by airway epithelial cells diverse immune cells. G protein binds CX3CR1 via highly conserved amino acid motif (CX3C motif), which also present CX3CL1. CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis involved activation infiltration into infected lung. presence alters natural functions CX3CR1-CX3CL1 modifies host’s response, an aspects need be considered development efficient vaccine specific pharmacological treatment.

Language: Английский

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Advancing respiratory virus diagnostics: integrating the nasal IFN-I score for improved viral detection

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 110, P. 105450 - 105450

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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