Glycobiology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
25(10), P. 1027 - 1042
Published: July 14, 2015
The
epidermal
growth
factor
(EGF)-like
repeat
is
a
common,
evolutionarily
conserved
motif
found
in
secreted
proteins
and
the
extracellular
domain
of
transmembrane
proteins.
EGF
repeats
harbor
six
cysteine
residues
which
form
three
disulfide
bonds
help
generate
three-dimensional
structure
repeat.
A
subset
consensus
sequences
for
addition
one
or
more
specific
O-glycans,
are
initiated
by
O-glucose,
O-fucose
O-N-acetylglucosamine.
These
glycans
relatively
rare
compared
to
mucin-type
O-glycans.
However,
genetic
experiments
model
organisms
cell-based
assays
indicate
that
at
least
some
glycosyltransferases
involved
O-glycans
play
important
roles
animal
development.
studies,
combined
with
state-of-the-art
biochemical
structural
biology
have
started
provide
an
in-depth
picture
how
these
regulate
function
they
linked.
In
this
review,
we
will
discuss
biological
assigned
corresponding
glycosyltransferases.
Since
Notch
receptors
best
studied
biologically-relevant
on
repeats,
significant
part
review
devoted
role
regulation
signaling
pathway.
We
also
recently
identified
other
than
depend
properly.
Several
elongation
mutated
human
diseases.
Therefore,
mechanistic
understanding
functional
carbohydrate
modifications
interest
from
both
basic
science
translational
perspectives.
Glycobiology,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
27(1), P. 3 - 49
Published: Aug. 24, 2016
Simple
and
complex
carbohydrates
(glycans)
have
long
been
known
to
play
major
metabolic,
structural
physical
roles
in
biological
systems.
Targeted
microbial
binding
host
glycans
has
also
studied
for
decades.
But
such
can
only
explain
some
of
the
remarkable
complexity
organismal
diversity
nature.
Reviewing
subject
about
two
decades
ago,
one
could
find
very
few
clear-cut
instances
glycan-recognition-specific
that
were
intrinsic
value
organism
expressing
them.
In
striking
contrast
there
is
now
a
profusion
examples,
this
updated
review
cannot
be
comprehensive.
Instead,
historical
overview
presented,
broad
principles
outlined
examples
cited,
representing
diverse
types
roles,
mediated
by
various
glycan
classes,
different
evolutionary
lineages.
What
remains
unchanged
fact
while
all
theories
regarding
are
supported
compelling
evidence,
exceptions
each
found.
retrospect,
not
surprising.
Complex
appear
ubiquitous
cells
nature,
essential
life
forms.
Thus,
>3
billion
years
evolution
consistently
generated
organisms
use
these
molecules
many
key
even
sometimes
coopting
them
minor
functions.
respect,
no
from
other
macromolecular
building
blocks
(nucleic
acids,
proteins
lipids),
simply
more
rapidly
evolving
complex.
It
time
functional
fully
incorporated
into
mainstream
sciences.
Annals of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
6(24), P. 477 - 477
Published: Dec. 1, 2018
Abstract:
Congenital
disorders
of
glycosylation
are
a
genetically
and
clinically
heterogeneous
group
>130
diseases
caused
by
defects
in
various
steps
along
glycan
modification
pathways.
The
vast
majority
these
monogenic
autosomal
recessive
have
multi-systemic
manifestations,
mainly
growth
failure,
developmental
delay,
facial
dysmorphisms,
variable
coagulation
endocrine
abnormalities.
Carbohydrate
deficient
transferrin
(CDT)
protein-linked
analysis
with
mass
spectrometry
can
diagnose
some
subtypes
congenital
(CDG),
while
many
currently
rely
on
massively
parallel
genomic
sequencing
for
diagnosis.
Early
detection
is
important,
as
few
treatable.
Molecular
biochemical
techniques
continue
to
further
our
understanding
this
rapidly
expanding
diverse
disorders.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 12, 2022
Abstract
Glycosylation
is
essential
to
brain
development
and
function,
but
prior
studies
have
often
been
limited
a
single
analytical
technique
excluded
region-
sex-specific
analyses.
Here,
using
several
methodologies,
we
analyze
Asn-linked
Ser/Thr/Tyr-linked
protein
glycosylation
between
regions
sexes
in
mice.
Brain
N-glycans
are
less
complex
sequence
variety
compared
other
tissues,
consisting
predominantly
of
high-mannose
fucosylated/bisected
structures.
Most
O-glycans
unbranched,
sialylated
O-GalNAc
O-mannose
A
consistent
pattern
observed
regions,
sex
differences
minimal
those
plasma.
glycans
correlate
with
RNA
expression
their
synthetic
enzymes,
analysis
genes
humans
show
global
downregulation
the
tissues.
We
hypothesize
that
this
restricted
repertoire
arises
from
tight
regulation
brain.
These
results
provide
roadmap
for
future
neurodevelopment
disease.
ACS Measurement Science Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(4), P. 338 - 417
Published: June 4, 2024
Proteomics
is
the
large
scale
study
of
protein
structure
and
function
from
biological
systems
through
identification
quantification."Shotgun
proteomics"
or
"bottom-up
prevailing
strategy,
in
which
proteins
are
hydrolyzed
into
peptides
that
analyzed
by
mass
spectrometry.Proteomics
studies
can
be
applied
to
diverse
ranging
simple
proteoforms,
protein-protein
interactions,
structural
alterations,
absolute
relative
quantification,
post-translational
modifications,
stability.To
enable
this
range
different
experiments,
there
strategies
for
proteome
analysis.The
nuances
how
proteomic
workflows
differ
may
challenging
understand
new
practitioners.Here,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
overview
proteomics
methods.We
cover
biochemistry
basics
extraction
interpretation
orthogonal
validation.We
expect
Review
will
serve
as
handbook
researchers
who
field
bottom-up
proteomics.
