Molecular tug-of-war: Plant immune recognition of herbivory

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 1497 - 1513

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Abstract Plant defense responses against insect herbivores are induced through wound-induced signaling and the specific perception of herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs). In addition, can deliver effectors that suppress plant immunity. Here we review immune recognition HAMPs effectors, argue these initial interactions upon a plant–herbivore encounter mediate structure effective resistance. While number distinct from both chewing piercing–sucking has expanded rapidly with omics-enabled approaches, paired receptors targets in host still not well characterized. Herbivore-derived may also be recognized as depending on species, potentially evolution novel receptor functions. We compile examples where natural variation between species inform evolutionary mechanisms interactions. Finally, discuss combined effects wounding HAMP recognition, potential hubs, which integrate sensing Understanding precise for will critical engineering resistance agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Effectors of Root-Knot Nematodes: An Arsenal for Successful Parasitism

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) are notorious plant-parasitic first recorded in 1855 cucumber plants. They microscopic, obligate endoparasites that cause severe losses agriculture and horticulture. evade plant immunity, hijack the cell cycle, metabolism to modify healthy cells into giant (GCs) – RKN feeding sites. RKNs secrete various effector molecules which suppress defence tamper with cellular molecular biology. These effectors originate mainly from sub-ventral dorsal oesophageal glands. Recently, a few non-oesophageal gland secreted have been discovered. Effectors essential for entry of plants, subsequently formation maintenance GCs during parasitism. In past two decades, advanced genomic post-genomic techniques identified many effectors, out only well characterized. this review, we provide functional details We list known pinpoint their functions. Moreover, attempt comprehensive insight concerning implications on overall nematode Since primary prime weapons invade plant, it is imperative understand intriguing complex functions design counter-strategies against infection.

Language: Английский

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Symbiotic bacteria of the gall-inducing mite Fragariocoptes setiger (Eriophyoidea) and phylogenomic resolution of the eriophyoid position among Acari

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 9, 2022

Abstract Eriophyoid mites represent a hyperdiverse, phytophagous lineage with an unclear phylogenetic position. These have succeeded in colonizing nearly every seed plant species, and this evolutionary success was part due to the mites' ability induce galls plants. A gall is unique niche that provides inducer of modification vital resources. The exact mechanism formation still not understood, even as whether it endogenic (mites directly cause galls) or exogenic (symbiotic microorganisms are involved). Here we (i) investigate affinities eriophyoids (ii) use comparative metagenomics test hypothesis endosymbionts eriophyoid involved formation. Our phylogenomic analysis robustly inferred closely related Nematalycidae, group deep-soil belonging Endeostigmata. metagenomics, fluorescence situ hybridization, electron microscopy experiments identified two candidate endosymbiotic bacteria shared across samples, however, unlikely they inducers (morphotype1: novel Wolbachia , morphotype2: possibly Agrobacterium tumefaciens ) . We also detected array pathogens associated may be vectored by mites, determined mite pathogenic virus ( Betabaculovirus could tested for using biocontrol agricultural pest mites.

Language: Английский

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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals resistant and susceptible genes in tobacco cultivars in response to infection by Phytophthora nicotianae

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Abstract Phytophthora nicotianae is highly pathogenic to Solanaceous crops and a major problem in tobacco production. The cultivar Beihart1000-1 (BH) resistant, whereas the Xiaohuangjin 1025 (XHJ) susceptible infection. Here, BH XHJ were used as models identify resistant genes using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Roots sampled at 0, 6, 12, 24, 60 h post In total, 23,753 25,187 differentially expressed (DEGs) identified XHJ, respectively. By mapping upregulated DEGs KEGG database, changes of rich factor “plant pathogen interaction pathway” corresponded infection process. Of all this pathway, 38 specifically regulated BH. These included 11 disease-resistance proteins, 3 pathogenesis-related 4 RLP/RLKs , 2 CNGCs 7 calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcium-binding 1 mitogen-activated kinase kinase, EDS1L WRKY transcription factors, mannosyltransferase, calmodulin-like protein. combining analysis reported ( S ) gene homologs 9 identified, which calmodulin-binding activator, cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, trichome birefringence-like protein, plant UBX domain-containing ADP-ribosylation GTPase-activating callose synthases, cellulose synthase A catalytic subunits. qRT-PCR was validate RNA-seq data. comprehensive transcriptome dataset described here, including candidate genes, will provide valuable resource for breeding plants P. infections.

Language: Английский

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A Meloidogyne incognita C‐type lectin effector targets plant catalases to promote parasitism

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(5), P. 2124 - 2137

Published: Aug. 27, 2021

Summary Root‐knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., secrete effectors to modulate plant immune responses and establish a parasitic relationship with host plants. However, the functions targets of C‐type lectin (CTL)‐like incognita remain unknown. Here, we characterized CTL‐like effector M. , MiCTL1a, identified its target role in nematode parasitism. In situ hybridization demonstrated expression MiCTL1 subventral glands; planta immunolocalization showed secretion during Virus‐induced gene silencing reduced infection ability Nicotiana benthamiana . The ectopic Arabidopsis not only increased susceptibility but also promoted root growth. Yeast two‐hybrid co‐immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MiCTL1a interacts catalases, which play essential roles hydrogen peroxide homeostasis. Knockout or overexpression catalases either respectively. Moreover, catalase activity vitro modulated stress‐related expressions Arabidopsis. Our data suggest interferes activity, allowing by fine‐tuning mediated reactive oxygen species.

Language: Английский

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Cellular insights of beech leaf disease reveal abnormal ectopic cell division of symptomatic interveinal leaf areas

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. e0292588 - e0292588

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

The beech leaf disease nematode, Litylenchus crenatae subsp. mccannii, is recognized as a newly emergent nematode species that causes (BLD) in trees (Fagus spp.) North America. Changes of morphology before emergence from the bud induced by BLD can provoke dramatic effects on architecture and consequently to tree performance development. initial symptoms appear dark green, interveinal banding patterns leaf. Despite fast progression this disease, cellular mechanisms leading formation such aberrant phenotype remains totally unknown. To understand basis BLD, we employed several types microscopy provide an exhaustive characterization nematode-infected buds leaves. Histological sections revealed cell change composition these tissues. Diseased scale cells were typically hypertrophied showed high variability size. Moreover, while altered division had no influence organogenesis, induction proliferation young primordia led layer architecture. Hyperplasia hypertrophy different layers, coupled with abnormal chloroplasts especially mesophyll resulted typical banding. These discrepancies structure depicted rate areas infected promoting significant increase size thickness. symptomatic leaves therefore orchestrated distinct processes, enhance value feeding sites improve their nutrition status for nematode. Our findings thus uncover relevant events structural framework important disease.

Language: Английский

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AUXIN RESPONSIVE FACTOR8 regulates development of the feeding site induced by root-knot nematodes in tomato

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(18), P. 5752 - 5766

Published: June 13, 2023

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) from the genus Meloidogyne induce dedifferentiation of root vascular cells into giant multinucleate feeding cells. These result an extensive reprogramming gene expression, and auxin is known to be a key player in their development. However, little about how signal transmitted during cell Integrative analyses combining transcriptome small non-coding RNA datasets with specific sequencing cleaved transcripts identified genes targeted by miRNAs tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) galls. The two auxin-responsive transcription factors ARF8A ARF8B, miRNA167 regulators, were as robust gene-miRNA pair candidates involved response M. incognita. Spatiotemporal expression analysis using promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusions showed up-regulation ARF8B RKN-induced surrounding generation phenotyping CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats) mutants demonstrated role development allowed characterization downstream regulated genes.

Language: Английский

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A chromosome‐scale genome of Rhus chinensis Mill. provides new insights into plant–insect interaction and gallotannins biosynthesis

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 118(3), P. 766 - 786

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

SUMMARY Rhus chinensis Mill., an economically valuable Anacardiaceae species, is parasitized by the galling aphid Schlechtendalia , resulting in formation of Chinese gallnut (CG). Here, we report a chromosomal‐level genome assembly R. with total size 389.40 Mb and scaffold N50 23.02 Mb. Comparative genomic transcriptome analysis revealed that enhanced structure CG nutritional metabolism contribute to improving adaptability S. supporting growth. was observed be abundant hydrolysable tannins (HT), particularly gallotannin its isomers. Tandem repeat clusters dehydroquinate dehydratase/shikimate dehydrogenase (DQD/SDH) serine carboxypeptidase‐like (SCPL) their homologs involved HT production were determined as specific HT‐rich species. The functional differentiation DQD/SDH tandem duplicate genes significant contraction phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase ( PAL ) gene family contributed accumulation gallic acid while minimizing shikimic acid, flavonoids, condensed CG. Furthermore, identified one UDP glucosyltransferase UGT84A ), three carboxylesterase CXE six SCPL from conserved are biosynthesis hydrolysis We then constructed regulatory network these based on co‐expression transcription factor motif analysis. Our findings provide resource for exploration underlying mechanisms plant‐galling insect interaction highlight importance divergence secondary metabolites.

Language: Английский

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Host Manipulations Within Mutualisms: Role of Plant Hormones in Selective Resource Allocation

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Evidence for the role of soil C/N ratio in shaping plant responses to root-knot nematode infection

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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