Sewage Sludge Promotes the Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Tomato Xylem

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(24), P. 10796 - 10805

Published: June 10, 2024

Xylem serves as a conduit linking soil to the aboveground plant parts and facilitating upward movement of microbes into leaves fruits. Despite this potential, composition xylem microbiome its associated risks, including antibiotic resistance, are understudied. Here, we cultivated tomatoes analyzed their sap assess resistance profiles following treatment with sewage sludge. Our findings show that primarily originate from soil, albeit reduced diversity in comparison those microbiomes. Using single-cell Raman spectroscopy coupled D2O labeling, detected significantly higher metabolic activity than rhizosphere 87% active compared just 36% soil. Additionally, was pinpointed reservoir for genes (ARGs), abundance being 2.4–6.9 times Sludge addition dramatically increased ARGs also mobility host pathogenicity. represents distinct ecological niche is significant ARGs. These results could be used manage resistome crops improve food safety.

Language: Английский

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Development of a tomato xylem-mimicking microfluidic system to study Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum biofilm formation

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 27, 2024

The bacterial wilt pathogen Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum (Rps) colonizes plant xylem vessels and blocks the flow of sap by its biofilm (comprising cells extracellular material), resulting in devastating disease across many economically important host plants including tomatoes. technical challenges imaging environment, along with use artificial cell culture plates media existing vitro systems, limit understanding Rps formation infection dynamics. In this study, we designed built a microfluidic system that mimicked physical chemical conditions tomato vessels, allowed us to dissect responses different xylem-like conditions. system, incorporating functional surface coatings carboxymethyl cellulose-dopamine, provided bioactive environment significantly enhanced attachment presence sap. Using computational approaches, confirmed experienced linear increasing drag forces xylem-mimicking channels at higher rates. Consistently, assays conducted our revealed both seeding time rates were critical for adhesion inside channels. These findings insights into processes, contributing better plant-pathogen interactions during development.

Language: Английский

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The FERONIA–RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 26 module regulates vascular immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Abstract Some pathogens colonize plant leaves, but others invade the roots, including vasculature, causing severe disease symptoms. Plant innate immunity has been extensively studied in leaf pathosystems; however, precise regulation of against vascular remains largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated that loss function receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) increases resistance to typical bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Here, we show upon infection with R. solanacearum, root xylem cell walls Arabidopsis thaliana become highly lignified. FER is specifically upregulated response solanacearum infection, and inhibits lignin biosynthesis this pathogen. determined interacts phosphorylates transcription factor RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), leading its degradation. Overexpression knockout RD26 it positively regulates by directly activating expression lignin-related genes. Tissue-specific confirmed role immunity. FER–RD26 module tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Taken together, our findings unveil cascade governs tissues regulating deposition. This may represent a key defense mechanism plants.

Language: Английский

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Ten challenges to understand and manage the insect-transmitted, xylem-limited bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa

Phytopathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(5), P. 869 - 884

Published: April 1, 2024

An unprecedented plant health emergency in olives has been registered over the last decade Italy, arguably more severe than what occurred repeatedly grapes United States 140 years. These emergencies are epidemics caused by a stealthy pathogen, xylem-limited, insect-transmitted bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Although these spurred research that answered many questions about biology and management of this gaps knowledge remain. For review, we set out to represent both U.S. European perspectives on most pressing challenges need be addressed. presented 10 sections hope will stimulate discussion interdisciplinary research. We reviewed intrinsic problems arise from fastidious growth X. fastidiosa, lack specificity for insect transmission, economic social importance perennial mature woody hosts. Epidemiological models predictions pathogen establishment disease expansion, vital preparedness, based very limited data. Most current gathered few pathosystems, whereas several hundred remain studied, probably including those become center next epidemic. Unfortunately, aspects particular pathosystem not always transferable others. recommend diversification topics fundamental applied nature addressing multiple pathosystems. Increasing preparedness through acquisition is best strategy anticipate manage diseases described as “the dangerous known worldwide.”

Language: Английский

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Leaf spot-associated pathogenic fungi alter photosynthetic, biochemical, and metabolic responses in eggplant during the early stages of infection

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 102320 - 102320

Published: May 30, 2024

Eggplant is prone to several fungal diseases, of which leaf spot disease the most devastating in Mattu Gulla (MG) variety eggplant. The current investigation focuses on assessing pathogenicity fungi associated with and effects infection host plant physiology, biochemistry, metabolism. Four fungi, Alternaria solani, alternata, Fusarium Lasiodiplodia theobromae, disease, were found cause eggplants. Plants inoculated these pathogenic altered photosynthetic rates chlorophyll pigment contents as progressed, even though b content was not significantly altered. SOD GPOX activities increased throughout progression. Untargeted metabolic analysis revealed that eight metabolites present all treatment groups 1st day post inoculation (DPI).

Language: Английский

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Insights into the Methodological, Biotic and Abiotic Factors Influencing the Characterization of Xylem-Inhabiting Microbial Communities of Olive Trees

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 912 - 912

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Vascular pathogens are the causal agents of some most devastating plant diseases in world, which can cause, under specific conditions, destruction entire crops. These activate a range physiological and immune reactions host following infection, may trigger proliferation microbiome to combat them by, among others, inhibiting their growth and/or competing for space. Nowadays, it has been demonstrated that be modified by transplanting members microbiome, with exciting results control diseases. However, its practical application agriculture vascular is hampered limited knowledge endosphere, and, particular, xylem niche. In this review, we present comprehensive overview how research on evolved during last decades unravel factors complex interactions affect associated microbial communities surrounding environment, focusing inhabiting vessels olive trees (Olea europaea subsp. europaea), ancient important woody crop Mediterranean Basin. For purpose, have highlighted role composition microorganisms plants describing methodological approaches explored study microbiota, starting from methods used extract assessment culture-dependent next-generation sequencing approaches. Additionally, categorized key biotic abiotic factors, such as niche genotype, environment infection pathogens, potential determinants critically physiology health status holobiont context (host organisms). Finally, outlined future directions challenges studies based recent advances molecular biology, metagenomics culturomics, bioinformatics network analysis. A better understanding will contribute facilitate exploration selection keystone live close association olives environmental/agronomic conditions. could ideal targets design consortia applied endotherapy treatments prevent or caused modify trees.

Language: Английский

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Constructing a Novel Disease Resistance Mechanism Model for Cruciferous Crops: An Example From Black Rot

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Cruciferous crops are essential components of global agricultural production due to their rich nutritional value and extensive economic benefits. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. (Xcc) has significant losses cruciferous crops. Therefore, studying the resistance mechanisms improve disease is practical importance. This review introduces biological characteristics epidemiological patterns Xcc. The main including physical barrier functions, immune responses, systemic resistance, regulation photosynthesis, antimicrobial effects secondary metabolites, reactive oxygen species, signalling pathways salicylic acid, jasmonic acid ethylene Xcc also summarised. Comprehensive knowledge these will provide theoretical support for enhancing in

Language: Английский

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Pseudogenes and host specialization in the emergent bacterial plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

ABSTRACT Pseudogenes are regarded as “junk” DNA, representing vestigial functions no longer needed for fitness. Accordingly, a higher number of pseudogenes in bacterial human pathogen was previously hypothesized to be hallmark host specialists. In this study, we tested hypothesis on the emergent plant Xylella fastidiosa ( Xf ) link pseudogene makeup and specificity. is an ideal subject these studies by being xylem-limited that underwent extensive genome reduction. Using natural range data 151 strains Pseudofinder analysis whole sequences, observed subsp. sandyi had highest content, followed morus , while pauca multiplex lowest. The first two subspecies known have limited compared others, aligning with greater corresponding narrower range. Weed isolates presumably specialists because they content. thorough map across genomes empirical pathogenicity blueberries, screened genes potentially involved blueberry specialization. Targets were identified selecting sequences pseudogenized (i) infecting hosts different from (ii) only asymptomatic strains. Six potential role infection, including one common between criteria. Here, generated hypotheses specificity need experimentally help understand devastating pathogen. IMPORTANCE highly destructive infects hundreds landscape agriculturally important species mainly Europe Americas. Nevertheless, specific genotypes underlying mechanisms remain unclear. These aspects determine risk infection areas depending genetic population present. This study offers valuable insights into pseudogenization X. strains, linking it Despite information available pathogen, research proposes relationship abundance findings essential predicting shifts aiding development strategies prevent its spread. Additionally, identification candidate putatively symptom blueberries targets prevention control efforts.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial vector-borne plant diseases: global issues caused by three-way interactions

Crop Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: May 8, 2025

Language: Английский

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Complete functional analysis of type IV pilus components of a reemergent plant pathogen reveals neofunctionalization of paralog genes

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. e1011154 - e1011154

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Type IV pilus (TFP) is a multifunctional bacterial structure involved in twitching motility, adhesion, biofilm formation, as well natural competence. Here, by site-directed mutagenesis and functional analysis, we determined the phenotype conferred each of 38 genes known to be required for TFP biosynthesis regulation reemergent plant pathogenic fastidious prokaryote Xylella fastidiosa. This pathogen infects > 650 species causes devastating diseases worldwide olives, grapes, blueberries, almonds, among others. xylem-limited, insect-transmitted lives constantly under flow conditions therefore highly dependent on host colonization. In addition, TFP-mediated transformation process that impacts genomic diversity environmental fitness. Phenotypic characterization mutants showed ten were essential both movement Interestingly, seven sets paralogs exist, mutations opposing phenotypes, indicating evolutionary neofunctionalization subunits within TFP. The minor pilin FimT3 was only protein exclusively By combining approaches molecular microbiology, structural biology, biochemistry, (but not other two FimT paralogs) DNA receptor X. fastidiosa constitutes an example neofunctionalization. conserved strains binds non-specifically via electropositive surface identified homolog modeling. includes arginine residues exchanged with alanine shown binding. Among pathogens, fimT3 found ~ 10% available genomes associated Xanthomonadaceae family, which are yet assessed competence (besides fastidiosa). Overall, highlight here complex fastidiosa, providing blueprint understand bacteria living conditions.

Language: Английский

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