Arsenic Uptake, Toxicity, Detoxification, and Speciation in Plants: Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Aspects

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 59 - 59

Published: Jan. 2, 2018

Environmental contamination with arsenic (As) is a global environmental, agricultural and health issue due to the highly toxic carcinogenic nature of As. Exposure plants As, even at very low concentration, can cause many morphological, physiological, biochemical changes. The recent research on As in soil-plant system indicates that toxicity varies its speciation (e.g., arsenite, As(III); arsenate, As(V)), type plant species, other soil factors controlling accumulation plants. Various species have different mechanisms As(III) or As(V) uptake, toxicity, detoxification. This review briefly describes sources extent soil. We discuss responsible for detoxification plants, biochemical, molecular levels. highlights importance As-induced generation reactive oxygen (ROS), as well their damaging impacts genetic, role enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase) non-enzymatic (salicylic acid, proline, phytochelatins, glutathione, nitric oxide, phosphorous) substances under As(III/V) stress been delineated via conceptual models showing translocation pathways species. Significantly, this addresses current, albeit partially understood, emerging aspects (i) genotoxic responses (ii) roles molecules modulation toxicities also provide insight some important gaps need be filled advance our scientific understanding area systems.

Language: Английский

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The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(1), P. 67 - 85

Published: July 14, 2018

Contents Summary 67 I. Introduction 68 II. Silicon transport in plants: to absorb or not 69 III. The role of silicon just a matter semantics 71 IV. and biotic stress: beyond mechanical barriers defense priming 76 V. abiotic proliferation proposed mechanisms 78 VI. apoplastic obstruction hypothesis: working model 79 VII. Perspectives conclusions 80 Acknowledgements 81 References (Si) is classified as an essential plant nutrient, yet numerous reports have shown its beneficial effects variety species environmental circumstances. This has created much confusion the scientific community with respect biological roles. Here, we link molecular phenotypic data better classify Si transport, critically summarize current state understanding roles higher plants. We argue that empirical evidence, particular derived from recent functional genomics, at odds many mechanistic assertions surrounding Si's role. In essence, these do support affects wide range molecular‐genetic, biochemical physiological processes. A major reinterpretation therefore needed, which critical guide future studies inform agricultural practice. propose model, term ‘apoplastic hypothesis’, attempts unify various observations on influences growth yield. argues for fundamental extracellular prophylactic agent against stresses (as opposed active cellular agent), important cascading form function.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic Stresses: General Defenses of Land Plants and Chances for Engineering Multistress Tolerance

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient excessive water, salinity, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, are hostile to plant growth development, leading great crop yield penalty worldwide. It is getting imperative equip crops with multistress tolerance relieve the pressure of environmental changes meet demand population growth, different abiotic stresses usually arise together in field. The feasibility raised land plants actually have established more generalized defenses against including cuticle outside plants, unsaturated fatty acids, reactive species scavengers, molecular chaperones, compatible solutes inside cells. In stress response, they orchestrated by a complex regulatory network involving upstream signaling molecules hormones, oxygen species, gasotransmitters, polyamines, phytochromes, calcium, well downstream gene regulation factors, particularly transcription factors. this review, we aimed at presenting an overview these defensive systems network, eye their practical potential via genetic engineering and/or exogenous application.

Language: Английский

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Silicon (Si): Review and future prospects on the action mechanisms in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in plants

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 881 - 896

Published: Sept. 28, 2017

Language: Английский

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Phosphorus Acquisition and Utilization in Plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 17 - 42

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate from different disciplines. When P availability is very low, P-mobilizing strategies are more effective than mycorrhizal strategies. Soil parameters largely determine how much roots can acquire P-impoverished soil, kinetic properties transporters less important. Changes in the expression avoid toxicity. Plants vary widely photosynthetic P-use efficiency, photosynthesis per unit leaf P. The challenge discover what trade-offs patterns investment fractions. Less may save P, but costs incurred? Are these acceptable for crops? These questions be resolved only concerted action scientists working at both physiological levels, rather pursuing problems independently.

Language: Английский

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Interactions of Silicon With Essential and Beneficial Elements in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 23, 2021

Silicon (Si) is not classified as an essential element for plants, but numerous studies have demonstrated its beneficial effects in a variety of species and environmental conditions, including low nutrient availability. Application Si shows the potential to increase availability rhizosphere root uptake through complex mechanisms, which still remain unclear. Silicon-mediated transcriptional regulation transporters both acquisition tissue homeostasis has recently been suggested important strategy, varying detail depending on plant nutritional status. Here, we summarize evidence Si-mediated acquisition, translocation nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), nickel (Ni) under deficiency excess conditions. In addition, discuss interactions Si-with elements: aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), selenium (Se). This review also highlights further research needed improve understanding utilization nutrients vice versa status-mediated transport, processes are high importance agronomic practice (e.g., reduced use fertilizers pesticides).

Language: Английский

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The role of silicon in plant biology: a paradigm shift in research approach

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 121(7), P. 1265 - 1273

Published: Jan. 15, 2018

Silicon (Si) is known to have numerous beneficial effects on plants, alleviating diverse forms of abiotic and biotic stress. Research this topic has accelerated in recent years revealed multiple Si a range plant species. Available information regarding the impact defence, growth development fragmented, discipline-specific, usually focused downstream, distal phenomena rather than underlying effects. Accordingly, there growing need for studies that address fundamental metabolic regulatory processes, thereby allowing greater unification focus current research across disciplines.Silicon often regarded as nutritional 'non-entity'. A suite factors associated with been recently identified, relating chemistry, physiology, gene regulation interactions other organisms. date typically application upon stress responses. However, fundamental, mechanisms account manifold biology remain undefined. Here, higher plants alleviation both are briefly reviewed potential importance primary metabolism discussed, highlighting unifying framework targeting common mechanisms. The traditional approach discipline-specific work single stressors individual species currently inadequate. Thus, holistic comparative proposed assess mode action between trait types (e.g. C3, C4 CAM; accumulators non-accumulators) (pathogens, herbivores, drought, salt), considering pathways (i.e. processes) highlighted by empirical evidence. Utilizing genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic metabolomic approaches such will pave way field deeper understanding role plants.

Language: Английский

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Role of Silicon in Mediating Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Plants, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 147 - 147

Published: May 31, 2019

Salt stress is a major threat for plant growth worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms of silicon in alleviating salt have been widely studied using physiological, molecular genetics, and genomic approaches. Recently, progresses made elucidating the alleviative effects salt-induced osmotic stress, Na toxicity, oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight recent development on impact application responses. Emphasis will be given to following aspects. (1) Silicon transporters experimentally identified different species their structure feature could an important basis permeability. (2) mediate ion imbalance by (i) regulating Na+ uptake, transport, distribution (ii) polyamine levels. (3) Si-mediated upregulation aquaporin gene expression adjustment play roles salinity-induced (4) direct/indirectly mitigates via antioxidant defense metabolism. (5) Omics studies reveal that regulate plants' response modulating various genes including transcription factors hormone-related genes. Finally, research areas require further investigation provide deeper understanding role plants are highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Silicon Foliar Application Mitigates Salt Stress in Sweet Pepper Plants by Enhancing Water Status, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Fruit Yield

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 733 - 733

Published: June 10, 2020

Silicon is one of the most significant elements in plants under abiotic stress, so we investigated role silicon alleviation detrimental effects salinity at two concentrations (1500 and 3000 ppm sodium chloride) sweet pepper seasons (2018 2019). Our results indicated that relative water content, chlorophyll a b, nitrogen, phosphorus potassium contents, number fruits plant−1, fruit fresh weight plant−1 (g) yield (ton hectare−1) significantly decreased salt-stressed as compared to control plants. In addition, electrolyte leakage, proline, lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2−) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, soluble sugars, sucrose, starch content well increased conditions. Conversely, foliar application led improvements b mineral nutrients, status, Furthermore, levels superoxide, were with treatments.

Language: Английский

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Increased yield and CO₂ sequestration potential with the C₄ cereal Sorghum bicolor cultivated in basaltic rock dust‐amended agricultural soil

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 3658 - 3676

Published: April 21, 2020

Land-based enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is a biogeochemical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy aiming to accelerate natural geological processes of sequestration through application crushed silicate rocks, such as basalt, croplands and forested landscapes. However, the efficacy approach when undertaken with its potential co-benefits for agriculture, require experimental field evaluation. Here we report that amending UK clay-loam agricultural soil high loading (10 kg/m2 ) relatively coarse-grained basalt significantly increased yield (21 ± 9.4%, SE) important C4 cereal Sorghum bicolor under controlled environmental conditions, without accumulation potentially toxic trace elements in seeds. Yield increases resulted from treatment after 120 days P- K-fertilizer addition. Shoot silicon concentrations also (26 5.4%, SE), benefits crop resistance biotic abiotic stress. Elemental budgets indicate substantial release base cations inorganic their mainly exchangeable pools. Geochemical reactive transport modelling, constrained by elemental budgets, indicated CO2 rates 2-4 t /ha, 1-5 years single basaltic dust, including via newly formed carbonate minerals whose long-term fate requires assessment trials. This represents an approximately fourfold increase capture compared control plant-soil systems basalt. Our results build support ERW deployment CDR technique compatible spreading powder on acidic loamy soils common across millions hectares western European North American agriculture.

Language: Английский

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