Abiotic Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species: Generation, Signaling, and Defense Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 277 - 277

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during ontogenesis. The relentless climatic changes amplify intensity and duration stresses, making dwindle to survive. Plants convert 1-2% consumed oxygen into reactive species (ROS), in particular, singlet (1O2), superoxide radical (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (•OH), etc. as byproduct aerobic metabolism different cell organelles such chloroplast, mitochondria, regulatory network comprising enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems tends keep magnitude ROS within plant cells non-damaging level. However, under stress conditions, production rate increases exponentially, exceeding potential scavengers instigating oxidative burst, which affects biomolecules disturbs cellular redox homeostasis. are similar double-edged sword; and, when present below threshold level, mediate signaling pathways that actuate growth, development, acclimatization against stresses. displays both detrimental beneficial effects. exact mediated alleviation yet be fully elucidated. Therefore, review deposits information about status known sites production, mechanisms/pathways, effects, management stress. In addition, role played by advancement modern techniques molecular priming, biology, phenomics, crop modeling preventing stress, well diverting has been canvassed.

Language: Английский

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Developing climate‐resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(2), P. 373 - 389

Published: Sept. 5, 2021

SUMMARY Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, flooding, negatively affecting crop yields causing food shortages. Climate is also altering composition behavior insect pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints agriculture caused by increasing amounts human‐generated pollutants, well negative impact on soil microbiomes. Although laboratory, we trained study individual stress conditions plants, field many pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect combination. Because expected combination events (e.g., waves combined with drought, other and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort needed how crops. This need particularly critical, studies have shown that response plants unique cannot be predicted from simply studying each stresses part Strategies enhance tolerance particular may therefore fail this specific stress, when factors. Here review recent combinations propose new approaches avenues for development combination‐ change‐resilient

Language: Английский

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Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Multiple Roles in Stress Response

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Land plants are exposed to not only biotic stresses such as pathogen infection and herbivore wounding, but abiotic cold, heat, drought, salt. Elaborate strategies have been developed avoid or abide the adverse effects, with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) emerging general defenders. In higher plants, most common UFAs three 18-carbon species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds act ingredients modulators of cellular membranes in glycerolipids, reserve carbon energy triacylglycerol, stocks extracellular barrier constituents (e.g., cutin suberin), precursors various bioactive molecules jasmonates nitroalkenes), regulators stress signaling. Nevertheless, they also potential inducers oxidative stress. this review, we will present an overview these roles then shed light on genetic engineering FA synthetic genes for improving plant/crop tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Plant Unsaturated Fatty Acids: Biosynthesis and Regulation

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 23, 2020

In most plants, the major unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) are three C18 species, namely, oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2) and α-linolenic (18:3) acids. These simple compounds play multiple crucial roles in planta also important economic traits of oil crops. The enzymatic steps UFA biosynthesis have been well established. However, associated FA/lipid trafficking between plastid endoplasmic reticulum remains largely unclear, so does regulation expression activities involved enzymes. this review, we will revisit UFAs with an emphasis on present overview key enzymes their regulation. Of particular interest is emerging regulatory network composed transcriptional factors upstream signaling pathways. review thereby provides promise using physical, biochemical and/or genetic means to manipulate FA composition increase yield crop improvement.

Language: Английский

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PGPR Mediated Alterations in Root Traits: Way Toward Sustainable Crop Production

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

The above ground growth of the plant is highly dependent on belowground root system. Rhizosphere zone continuous interplay between roots and soil microbial communities. Plants, through exudates, attract rhizosphere microorganisms to colonize surface internal tissues. Many these known as promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve several direct indirect mechanisms including biological nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, disease-control. PGPR, by producing phytohormones, volatile organic compounds, secondary metabolites play important role in influencing architecture growth, resulting increased area for exchange other effects. PGPR also resource use efficiency system improving functioning at physiological levels. mediated trait alterations can contribute agroecosystem crop stand, efficiency, stress tolerance, structure etc. Thus, capable modulating traits agricultural sustainability be used a primary criterion selection potential strains. Available studies emphasize morphological assess effect PGPR. However, influenced various external factors may give varying results. Therefore, it understand pathways genes involved signals/metabolites that intercept and/or intersect traits. advanced tools technologies help decipher determinants affecting Further identification based determinants/signaling molecules regulating open up new avenues research. present review updates recent knowledge influence functional its benefits agro-ecosystem. Efforts have been made bacterial signals/determinants regulatory expression their prospects sustainable agriculture. will helpful providing future directions researchers working functioning.

Language: Английский

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Phytohormones as Growth Regulators During Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: March 3, 2022

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes that govern plant growth yield under optimal stress conditions. The interaction these PHs is for survival stressful environments as they trigger signaling pathways. Hormonal cross initiate a cascade reactions which finely tune the architecture help to grow suboptimal Recently, studies have highlighted such abscisic acid, salicylic ethylene, jasmonates responses toward environmental stresses. involvement cytokinins, gibberellins, auxin, relatively novel strigolactones brassinosteroids development has been documented normal recent identification first melatonin receptor opened door this regulatory molecule being considered new hormone. However, polyamines, are not PHs, included chapter. Various microbes produce secrete hormones helped plants nutrient uptake N, P, Fe. Exogenous use correcting deficiency abiotic This chapter focused on developments knowledge related their stresses anticipation, signaling, cross-talk, activation response mechanisms. In view capability producing hormones, we propose potential strategy crop management.

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants for Plant Growth and Mitigation of Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics Perspective

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 505 - 505

Published: Dec. 10, 2020

Adverse environmental conditions due to climate change, combined with declining soil fertility, threaten food security. Modern agriculture is facing a pressing situation where novel strategies must be developed for sustainable production and Biostimulants, conceptually defined as non-nutrient substances or microorganisms the ability promote plant growth health, represent potential provide economically favorable solutions that could introduce approaches improve agricultural practices crop productivity. Current knowledge phenotypic observations suggest biostimulants potentially function in regulating modifying physiological processes plants growth, alleviate stresses, quality yield. However, successfully develop biostimulant-based formulations programs, understanding biostimulant-plant interactions, at molecular, cellular levels, prerequisite. Metabolomics, multidisciplinary omics science, offers unique opportunities predictively decode mode of action on plants, identify signatory markers biostimulant action. Thus, this review intends highlight current scientific efforts gaps research industry, context promotion stress responses. The firstly revisits models have been elucidated describe molecular machinery employed by coping stresses. Furthermore, definitions, claims applications are pointed out, also indicating lack biological basis accurately postulate mechanisms biostimulants. articulates briefly key aspects metabolomics workflow (potential) science industry.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a regulatory hub of plant hormone levels and action in stress situations

Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(S1), P. 7 - 19

Published: Oct. 24, 2020

Melatonin, a molecule first discovered in animal tissues, plays an important role multiple physiological responses as possible plant master regulator. It mediates to different types of stress, both biotic and abiotic. Melatonin reduces the negative effects associated with stressors, improving response by increasing stress tolerance. When plants respond situations, they use up large amount resources through set perfectly synchronized actions. Responses mediated melatonin plant's hormones to, after adequate modulation, counteract overcome action stressor. In this paper, we review melatonin-plant hormone relationships. Factors that trigger central are analysed. An extensive analysis current studies shows modulates metabolism (biosynthesis catabolism), rise or fall their endogenous levels, regulation signalling elements how affects final auxin, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic jasmonates, brassinosteroids, polyamines strigolactones. Lastly, general overview melatonin's actions its regulatory at global level is provided proposals for future research made.

Language: Английский

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Long non-coding RNAs: emerging players regulating plant abiotic stress response and adaptation

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Oct. 12, 2020

Abstract Background The immobile nature of plants means that they can be frequently confronted by various biotic and abiotic stresses during their lifecycle. Among the stresses, water stress, temperature extremities, salinity, heavy metal toxicity are major challenging overall plant growth. Plants have evolved complex molecular mechanisms to adapt under given stresses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)—a diverse class contain > 200 nucleotides(nt)—play an essential role in adaptation Results LncRNAs play a significant as ‘biological regulators’ for developmental processes stress responses animals at transcription, post-transcription, epigenetic level, targeting stress-responsive mRNAs, regulatory gene(s) encoding transcription factors, numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate expression different genes. However, mechanistic lncRNAs possible target contributing response adaptation, remain largely unknown. Here, we review types found species, with focus on understanding contribute tolerance plants. We start discussing biogenesis, type function, phylogenetic relationships, sequence conservation lncRNAs. Next, controlling including drought, heat, cold, toxicity, nutrient deficiency, relevant examples from species. Lastly, briefly discuss lncRNA databases bioinformatics predicting structural functional annotation novel Conclusions Understanding intricate is its infancy. availability comprehensive atlas across whole genomes crop plants, coupled responses, will enable us use potential biomarkers tailoring stress-tolerant future.

Language: Английский

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Transcription Factors Interact with ABA through Gene Expression and Signaling Pathways to Mitigate Drought and Salinity Stress

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1159 - 1159

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Among abiotic stressors, drought and salinity seriously affect crop growth worldwide. In plants, research has aimed to increase stress-responsive protein synthesis upstream or downstream of the various transcription factors (TFs) that alleviate stress. TFs play diverse roles in controlling gene expression which is necessary regulate biological processes, such as development environmental stress responses. general, plant responses different conditions may be either abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent ABA-independent. A detailed understanding how TF pathways ABA interact cause essential improve tolerance Despite previous progress, more active approaches based on are current focus. Therefore, present review emphasizes recent advancements complex cascades during responses, especially identifying specificity crosstalk ABA-dependent -independent signaling pathways. This also highlights transcriptional regulation governed by key pathways, including AP2/ERF, bHLH, bZIP, DREB, GATA, HD-Zip, Homeo-box, MADS-box, MYB, NAC, Tri-helix, WHIRLY, WOX, WRKY, YABBY, zinc finger, operating

Language: Английский

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