Towards a ‘people and nature’ paradigm for biodiversity and infectious disease

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 380(1917)

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

Zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases are among the most direct human health consequences of biodiversity change. The COVID-19 pandemic increased policymakers’ attention on links between ecological degradation disease, sparked discussions around nature-based interventions to mitigate zoonotic emergence epidemics. Yet, although disease ecology provides an increasingly granular knowledge wildlife in changing ecosystems, we still have a poor understanding net for disease. Here, argue that renewed focus wildlife-borne as complex socio-ecological systems—a ‘people nature’ paradigm—is needed identify local transformative system-wide changes could reduce burden. We discuss longstanding scientific narratives involvement systems, which largely framed people disruptors, three emerging research areas provide wider system perspectives: how anthropogenic ecosystems construct new niches feedbacks social vulnerability role human-to-animal pathogen transmission (‘spillback’) systems. conclude by discussing opportunities better understand predictability outcomes from change integrate drivers into intervention design evaluation. This article is part discussion meeting issue ‘Bending curve towards nature recovery: building Georgina Mace's legacy biodiverse future’.

Language: Английский

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Host phylogeny shapes viral transmission networks in an island ecosystem

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 1834 - 1843

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Abstract Virus transmission between host species underpins disease emergence. Both phylogenetic relatedness and aspects of their ecology, such as interactions predator–prey relationships, may govern rates patterns cross-species virus hence zoonotic risk. To address the impact phylogeny ecology on diversity evolution, we characterized virome structure a relatively isolated island ecological community in Fiordland, New Zealand, that are linked through food web. We show barriers inhibited occurred at level phyla (between Chordata, Arthropoda Streptophyta) well lower taxonomic levels. By contrast, manifest diet, had smaller influence composition, especially higher The virus–host comprised ‘small world’ network, which hosts with high viruses were more likely to acquire new viruses, generalist infect multiple additional compared specialist viruses. Such highly connected increases likelihood transmission, particularly among closely related species, suggests present greatest risk

Language: Английский

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Host adaptive radiation is associated with rapid virus diversification and cross-species transmission in African cichlid fishes

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(6), P. 1247 - 1257.e3

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Adaptive radiations are generated through a complex interplay of biotic and abiotic factors. Although adaptive have been widely studied in the context animal plant evolution, little is known about how they impact evolution viruses that infect these hosts, which turn may provide insights into drivers cross-species transmission hence disease emergence. We examined rapid radiation cichlid fishes African Lake Tanganyika over last 10 million years has shaped diversity carry. Through metatranscriptomic analysis 2,242 RNA sequencing libraries, we identified 121 vertebrate-associated among various tissue types fell 13 4 DNA virus groups. Host-switching was commonplace, particularly within Astroviridae, Metahepadnavirus, Nackednavirus, Picornaviridae, Hepacivirus groups, occurring more frequently than other fish communities. A time-calibrated phylogeny revealed hepacivirus diversification not constant throughout but accelerated 2–3 ago, coinciding with period niche packing Tanganyika, thereby providing closely related hosts for viral infection. These data depict dynamic ecosystem cichlids characterized by frequent host jumping, likely reflecting their close phylogenetic relationships lower barriers to transmission.

Language: Английский

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Re-emergence of Severe Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Guangxi, China, 2021

Journal of Infection, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 85(5), P. e130 - e133

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary trajectory of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants at the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak

Virus Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Despite extensive scientific efforts directed toward the evolutionary trajectory of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in humans at beginning COVID-19 epidemic, it remains unclear how virus jumped into and evolved so far. Herein, we recruited almost all adult disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases appeared locally or imported from abroad during first 8 months outbreak Shanghai. From these patients, SARS-CoV-2 genomes occupying important phylogenetic positions phylogeny were recovered. Phylogenetic mutational landscape analyses viral recovered here those collected outside China revealed that known variants exhibited continuity despite co-circulation multiple lineages early period epidemic. Various mutations have driven rapid diversification, some them favor its better adaptation circulation humans, which may determined waxing waning various lineages.

Language: Английский

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Temperature sensitivity of bat antibodies links metabolic state of bats with antigen-recognition diversity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: July 12, 2024

Abstract The bat immune system features multiple unique properties such as dampened inflammatory responses and increased tissue protection, explaining their long lifespan tolerance to viral infections. Here, we demonstrated that body temperature fluctuations corresponding different physiological states in bats exert a large impact on antibody repertoires. At elevated temperatures typical for flight, IgG from the species Myotis myotis Nyctalus noctula show antigen binding strength diversity, recognizing both pathogen-derived antigens autoantigens. opposite is observed at reflecting inactive states. antibodies of human other mammals, or birds do not appear behave similar way. Importantly, diversification specificities results preferential recognition damaged endothelial epithelial cells, indicating an anti-inflammatory function. temperature-sensitivity mediated by variable regions immunoglobulin molecules. Additionally, uncover specific molecular IgG, low thermodynamic stability implication hydrophobic interactions well high prevalence polyreactivity. Overall, our extend understanding disease inflammation highlight link between metabolism immunity.

Language: Английский

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The genomic landscape of swine influenza A viruses in Southeast Asia

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(33)

Published: Aug. 8, 2023

Swine are a primary source for the emergence of pandemic influenza A viruses. The intensification swine production, along with global trade, has amplified transmission and zoonotic risk virus (swIAV). Effective surveillance is essential to uncover emerging strains; however gaps remain in our understanding swIAV genomic landscape Southeast Asia. More than 4,000 nasal swabs were collected from pigs Cambodia, yielding 72 IAV-positive samples by RT-qPCR 45 sequences. We unmasked cocirculation multiple lineages genetically diverse concern. Genomic analyses revealed novel European avian-like H1N2 reassortant variant North American triple internal genes, that emerged approximately seven years before its first detection 2021. Using phylogeographic reconstruction, we identified south central China as dominant viruses disseminated other regions also nine distinct which diverged their closest ancestors between two 15 B.P., indicating significant undetected diversity region, including reverse zoonoses human H1N1/2009 H3N2 similar period cryptic circulation swIAVs occurred decades pandemic. hidden observed here further emphasizes complex underlying evolutionary processes present this reinforcing importance at human–swine interface early warning disease avoid future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic inferences reveal multiple intra- and interhost genetic diversity among bat rabies viruses circulating in northeastern Brazil

One Health Outlook, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Abstract Background Rabies, a lethal viral zoonotic disease, remains significant global public health concern. In northeastern Brazil, in particular, its epidemiology is complex and dynamic, characterized by the presence of several reservoirs associated with human rabies infection. Methods This study, conducted from June 2022 to July 2023, was part passive epidemiological surveillance initiative under Brazil’s National Rabies Surveillance Program. It investigated Rhabdovirus (RhabV) 356 postmortem chiropteran brain samples using three diagnostic techniques for an evolutionary study on both pan-RhabV- pan-LYSSAV-positive PCR samples. The were collected 20 bat species different locations State Ceará, endemic region virus (RABV). Rabies-positive further explored through Bayesian, genetic distance mapping recombination analyses. Results From total collected, 43 (12.07%) positive direct immunofluorescence (DIF) 40 (11.23%) mouse intracerebral inoculation (MIT) tests. Among results, confirmed DIF MIT, while 13 (3.65%) had inconclusive results one or techniques. Molecular assays identified 38 rabies-positive (10.67%). Members Molossidae Phyllostomidae families highest prevalence, highlighting role insectivorous frugivorous bats cycle dynamics transmission. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed distinct well-supported clusters clades, indicating cocirculation RABV lineages shedding light intra- interhost diversity. We also demonstrated among inferred that their common ancestor originated Europe, later diversifying across continents. No breakpoints identified. Conclusions highlights dynamic nature evolution within individual hosts, contributing understanding diversity variants found Brazil. provides crucial insights into transmission between host essential designing effective control prevention strategies tailored regions.

Language: Английский

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Integrating macroeconomic and public health impacts in social planning policies for pandemic response

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract Infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential present challenges for mitigation and control. Policymakers make decisions to reduce disease-associated morbidity mortality while also minimizing socioeconomic costs of Despite ongoing efforts widespread recognition the challenge, there remains a paucity decision tool frameworks that integrate epidemic macroeconomic dynamics. Here, we propose analyze an econo-epidemic model identify robust planning policies limit impacts maintaining economic activity. The couples dynamics, behavioral change, activity, feasible policy plans informed by respiratory threats concern. We compare alternative fixed, dynamic open-loop optimal control, feedback control via welfare loss framework. find open loop adjust employment dynamically flat curve in advance uncertain arrival population-scale vaccination outperform fixed reduction policies. However, are highly sensitive misestimation parameters associated intrinsic strength between activity transmission, leading potentially significant increases loss. In contrast, guided dynamical targets time-varying reproduction number perform near-optimally when well-estimated, significantly outperforming whenever features response misestimated – as they inevitably are. These findings template integrating principled models scenarios vulnerabilities responses expand options preparation future pandemics.

Language: Английский

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A framework to predict zoonotic hosts under data uncertainty: A case study on betacoronaviruses

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract Modelling approaches aimed at identifying unknown hosts of zoonotic pathogens have the potential to make high‐impact contributions global strategies for risk surveillance. However, geographical and taxonomic biases in host–pathogen associations affect reliability models their predictions. Here, we propose a methodological framework mitigate effect data account uncertainty models' Our approach involves ‘pseudo‐negative’ species integrating sampling into modelling pipeline. We present an application on genus Betacoronavirus provide estimates mammal‐borne betacoronavirus hazard scale. show that inclusion pseudo‐negatives analysis improved overall validation performance our model when compared does not use pseudo‐negatives, especially reducing rate false positives. Results unveil currently unrecognised hotspots subequatorial Africa Americas. addresses crucial limitations association modelling, with important downstream implications assessments. The proposed is adaptable different multi‐host disease systems may be used identify surveillance priorities as well knowledge gaps pathogens' host‐range.

Language: Английский

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