Virus diversity, wildlife-domestic animal circulation and potential zoonotic viruses of small mammals, pangolins and zoo animals

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 29, 2023

Abstract Wildlife is reservoir of emerging viruses. Here we identified 27 families mammalian viruses from 1981 wild animals and 194 zoo collected south China between 2015 2022, isolated characterized the pathogenicity eight Bats harbor high diversity coronaviruses, picornaviruses astroviruses, a potentially novel genus Bornaviridae . In addition to reported SARSr-CoV-2 HKU4-CoV-like viruses, picornavirus respiroviruses also likely circulate bats pangolins. Pikas new clade Embecovirus arenaviruses. Further, potential cross-species transmission RNA (paramyxovirus astrovirus) DNA (pseudorabies virus, porcine circovirus 2, 3 parvovirus) wildlife domestic was identified, complicating protection prevention control these diseases in animals. This study provides nuanced view frequency host-jumping events, as well assessments zoonotic risk.

Language: Английский

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Re-emergence of severe acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) in Henan, central China, 2023

Veterinary Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 292, P. 110049 - 110049

Published: March 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Progress on innate immune evasion and live attenuated vaccine of pseudorabies virus

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: March 3, 2023

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a highly infectious disease that can infect most mammals, with pigs as the only natural host, has caused considerable economic losses to pig husbandry of world. Innate immunity first defense line host against attack pathogens and essential for proper establishment adaptive immunity. The uses innate immune response invasion PRV; however PRV makes use various strategies inhibit promote replication. Currently, live attenuated vaccine used prevent from infection worldwide, such Bartha K61. However, growing number data indicates these vaccines do not provide complete protection new variants have emerged since late 2011. Here we summarized interactions between current status development novel more effective vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Prevention and Control of Swine Enteric Coronaviruses in China: A Review of Vaccine Development and Application

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 11 - 11

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECs) cause significant economic losses to the pig industry in China. Although many commercialized vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PEDV) are available, viruses still widespread. The recent emergence of deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) swine acute syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), for which no increases disease burden. In this review, we first introduced genomic organization epidemiology SECs Then, discussed current vaccine development application China, aiming provide suggestions better prevention control China other countries.

Language: Английский

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Autophagy is induced by swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus through the cellular IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway after an interaction of viral membrane-associated papain-like protease and GRP78

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e1011201 - e1011201

Published: March 8, 2023

Autophagy plays an important role in the infectious processes of diverse pathogens. For instance, cellular autophagy could be harnessed by viruses to facilitate replication. However, it is still uncertain about interplay and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) cells. In this study, we reported that SADS-CoV infection induce a complete process both vitro vivo , inhibition significantly decreased production, thus suggesting facilitated replication SADS-CoV. We found ER stress its downstream IRE1 pathway were indispensable SADS-CoV-induced autophagy. also demonstrated IRE1-JNK-Beclin 1 signaling pathway, neither PERK-EIF2S1 nor ATF6 pathways, was essential during Importantly, our work provided first evidence expression PLP2-TM protein induced through pathway. Furthermore, interaction viral F451-L490 domain substrate-binding GRP78 identified activate resulting autophagy, turn, enhancing Collectively, these results not only showed promoted cultured cells, but revealed molecular mechanism underlying

Language: Английский

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The origin and evolution of emerged swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus with zoonotic potential

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(3)

Published: March 1, 2023

Abstract Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS‐CoV) is a newly discovered alphacoronavirus with zoonotic potential that causes and vomiting mainly in piglets. Having emerged suddenly 2017, the prevailing opinion virus originated from HKU2, an whose primary host bats, at some unknown point achieved interspecies transmission via intermediate. Here, we further explore evolutionary history possible cross‐species event for SADS‐CoV. Coevolutionary analysis demonstrated HKU2 may have switch SADS‐related (SADSr)‐CoV, which was isolated genus Rhinolophus 2017. SADS‐CoV, SADSr‐CoV share similar codon usage patterns showed lower tendency to use CpG, reflect method of immune escape. The analyses virus‐host coevolution recombination support direct source SADS‐CoV undergone events during its formation. Structure‐based spike glycoprotein variance revealed more nuanced pathway receptor recognition switch. We did not find positive selection site, dN/dS S gene only 0.29, indicates current slowly evolving. These results provide new insights help predict future transmission, possibly surveil outbreaks associated public health emergencies.

Language: Английский

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Research Advances on Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus

Animals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 448 - 448

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a virulent pathogen that causes in piglets. The virus was first discovered Guangdong Province, China, 2017 and has since emerged Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi Provinces. outbreak exhibited localized sporadic pattern, with no discernable temporal continuity. can infect human progenitor cells demonstrates considerable potential for cross-species transmission, representing risk zoonotic transmission. Therefore, continuous surveillance of comprehensive research on SADS-CoV are imperative. This review provides an overview the evolutionary features outbreaks, focusing structural characteristics virus, which serve as basis discussing its interspecies Additionally, summarizes virus–host interactions, including effects host cells, well apoptotic autophagic behaviors, discusses prevention treatment modalities this viral infection.

Language: Английский

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Porcine Enteric Alphacoronavirus Entry through Multiple Pathways (Caveolae, Clathrin, and Macropinocytosis) Requires Rab GTPases for Endosomal Transport

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97(4)

Published: March 28, 2023

Porcine enteric alphacoronavirus (PEAV) is a new bat HKU2-like porcine coronavirus, and its endemic outbreak has caused severe economic losses to the pig industry. Its broad cellular tropism suggests potential risk of cross-species transmission. A limited understanding PEAV entry mechanisms may hinder rapid response outbreaks. This study analyzed events using chemical inhibitors, RNA interference, dominant-negative mutants. into Vero cells depended on three endocytic pathways: caveolae, clathrin, macropinocytosis. Endocytosis requires dynamin, cholesterol, low pH. Rab5, Rab7, Rab9 GTPases (but not Rab11) regulate endocytosis. particles colocalize with EEA1, Rab9, Lamp-1, suggesting that translocates early endosomes after internalization, trafficking lysosomes before viral genome release. enters intestinal (IPI-2I) through same pathway, enter various multiple pathways. provides insights life cycle. IMPORTANCE Emerging reemerging coronaviruses cause human animal epidemics worldwide. first bat-like coronavirus infection in domestic animals. However, mechanism host remains unknown. demonstrates or IPI-2I caveola/clathrin-mediated endocytosis macropinocytosis, which does require specific receptor. Subsequently, from lysosomes, pH dependent. The results advance our disease help develop drug targets against PEAV.

Language: Английский

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Establishment of replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus recapitulating SADS-CoV entry

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(5)

Published: April 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Zoonotic coronaviruses pose a continuous threat to human health, with newly identified bat-borne viruses like swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) causing high mortality in piglets. In vitro studies indicate that SADS-CoV can infect cell lines from diverse species, including humans, highlighting its potential risk health. However, the lack of tools study viral entry, along absence vaccines or antiviral therapies, perpetuates this threat. To address this, we engineered an infectious molecular clone Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV), replacing native glycoprotein (G) spike (S) and inserting Venus reporter at 3′ leader region generate replication-competent rVSV-Venus-SADS S virus. Serial passages led identification 11-amino-acid truncation cytoplasmic tail protein, which allowed more efficient propagation due increased membrane anchoring protein. The protein was integrated into SΔ11 particles, susceptible neutralization by sera S1 protein-immunized rabbits. Additionally, found TMPRSS2 promotes spike-mediated entry. Furthermore, assessed serum-neutralizing ability mice vaccinated using prime-boost immunization strategy, revealing effective neutralizing antibodies against infection. conclusion, have developed safe practical tool for studying entry exploring recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine. IMPORTANCE coronaviruses, (SADS-CoV), continual animal combat modifying creating Through serial passages, optimized virus enhanced anchoring, key factor propagation. This modified virus, SΔ11, proved neutralization, opening avenues vaccines. our revealed role Mice potent SADS-CoV. work presents secure explores promise

Language: Английский

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NS7a of SADS-CoV promotes viral infection via inducing apoptosis to suppress type III interferon production

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 98(5)

Published: April 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced host cell apoptosis and innate immunity antagonization has been revealed, underlying signaling pathways remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that infection of SADS-CoV induced in vivo vitro , viral protein NS7a mainly responsible for cells. Furthermore, found interacted apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 (AIFM1) to activate caspase-3 via caspase-6 SADS-CoV-infected cells, enhanced replication. Importantly, suppressed poly(I:C)-induced expression type III interferon (IFN-λ) activating cleave regulatory 3 (IRF3), inhibitor protects piglets against . These findings reveal how inhibit provide valuable clue the development effective drugs clinical control infection. IMPORTANCE Over last 20 years, multiple animal-originated coronaviruses, including severe respiratory (SARS-CoV), middle east (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2, have caused millions deaths, seriously jeopardized human health, hindered social development, indicating study coronaviruses particularly important. Bat-originated (SADS-CoV), 2017, can not only cause fatal piglets, but also infect risk transmission, its pathogenesis unclear. In this study, suppresses IFN-λ production (AIFM1)-caspase-6-caspase-3-interferon (IRF3) pathway, (Z-DEVD-FMK) effectively replication protect infected piglets. Our contribute better understanding SADS-CoV-host interactions as part using apoptosis-inhibitor drug therapeutic approaches prevention

Language: Английский

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