Metabolomics for Investigating Physiological and Pathophysiological Processes

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1819 - 1875

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to enable the high-throughput characterization of metabolites from cells, organs, tissues, or biofluids. The rapid growth in metabolomics is leading a renewed interest metabolism and role that small molecule play many biological processes. As result, traditional views as being simply “bricks mortar” cells just fuel for cellular energetics are upended. Indeed, appear have much more varied far important roles signaling molecules, immune modulators, endogenous toxins, environmental sensors. This review explores how yielding new insights into number physiological In particular, major focus on illustrating discoveries made through improving our understanding both normal physiology pathophysiology diseases. These influence organ function, nutrient sensing, gut physiology. Collectively, this work unified system-wide perspective biology wherein metabolites, proteins, genes understood interact synergistically modify actions functions organelles, organisms.

Language: Английский

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The gut microbiota and the brain–gut–kidney axis in hypertension and chronic kidney disease

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 442 - 456

Published: May 14, 2018

Language: Английский

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Microbial metabolism of dietary components to bioactive metabolites: opportunities for new therapeutic interventions

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 21, 2016

Mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic studies comparing diseased versus healthy individuals have shown that microbial metabolites are often the compounds most markedly altered in disease state. Recent suggest several of these derive from transformation dietary components significant effects on physiological processes such as gut immune homeostasis, energy metabolism, vascular function, neurological behavior. Here, we review intriguing diet-dependent may impact host physiology therefore be appropriate targets for therapeutic interventions, short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan tyrosine derivatives, oxidized acids. Such interventions will require modulating either bacterial species or biosynthetic enzymes required to produce metabolites, so briefly describe current understanding enzymatic pathways involved their biosynthesis summarize molecular mechanisms action. We then discuss more detail health disease, strategies modulate levels promote human health. also future needed realize full potential targeting microbiota.

Language: Английский

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p-Cresyl Sulfate

Toxins, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 52 - 52

Published: Jan. 29, 2017

If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of function, several uremic solutes are retained. Some these exert toxic effects, which called toxins. p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS) a prototype protein-bound toxin to many biological and biochemical (toxic) effects have been attributed. In addition, increased levels pCS worsening outcomes in CKD patients. finds its origin the intestine where gut bacteria metabolize aromatic amino acids, such as tyrosine phenylalanine, leading phenolic end products, one components. this review we summarize metabolic intestine. It appears that, according vitro studies, intestinal generating compounds mainly belong families Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Veillonellaceae. Since remains difficult remove by dialysis, microbiota could be future target decrease toxicity, even at earlier stages CKD, aiming slowing down progression decreasing cardiovascular burden.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome–metabolome reveals the contribution of gut–kidney axis on kidney disease

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Dysbiosis represents changes in composition and structure of the gut microbiome community (microbiome), which may dictate physiological phenotype (health or disease). Recent technological advances efforts metagenomic metabolomic analyses have led to a dramatical growth our understanding microbiome, but still, mechanisms underlying microbiome-host interactions healthy diseased state remain elusive their elucidation is infancy. Disruption normal microbiota lead intestinal dysbiosis, barrier dysfunction, bacterial translocation. Excessive uremic toxins are produced as result alteration, including indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl trimethylamine-N-oxide, all implicated variant processes kidney diseases development. This review focuses on pathogenic association between (the gut-kidney axis), covering CKD, IgA nephropathy, nephrolithiasis, hypertension, acute injury, hemodialysis peritoneal dialysis clinic. Targeted interventions probiotic, prebiotic symbiotic measures discussed for potential re-establishing symbiosis, more effective strategies treatment patients suggested. The novel insights into dysbiosis helpful develop therapeutic preventing attenuating complications.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Complications of Type-2 Diabetes

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 166 - 166

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

The gut microbiota has been linked to the emergence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and onset type 2 diabetes through decreased glucose tolerance insulin resistance. Uncontrolled can lead serious health consequences such as impaired kidney function, blindness, stroke, myocardial infarction lower limb amputation. Despite a variety treatments currently available, cases resulting complications are on rise. One promising new approach focuses modulating with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics fecal microbial transplantation. Differences in composition have observed preclinical animal models well patients diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease peripheral artery compared healthy controls. Severity dysbiosis was associated severity restoration probiotic administration human improvement symptoms progression. Characterizing different diseases determining causal relationship between be beneficial formulating therapeutic interventions for complications. In this review, we present most important findings regarding role chronic their underlying mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Alkaline phosphatase: a novel treatment target for cardiovascular disease in CKD

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 429 - 442

Published: May 15, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease: challenges and opportunities

Translational research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 179, P. 24 - 37

Published: May 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Dietary metabolites and the gut microbiota: an alternative approach to control inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 5(5)

Published: May 1, 2016

It is now convincingly clear that diet one of the most influential lifestyle factors contributing to rise inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity in both developed developing countries. In addition, modern 'Western diet' has changed recent years with increased caloric intake, changes relative amounts dietary components, including lower fibre higher levels fat poor quality carbohydrates. Diet shapes large‐bowel microbial ecology, this may be highly relevant human diseases, as gut microbiota composition are associated many diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a remarkable role for diet, their metabolites—the short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)—in pathogenesis several such asthma, arthritis, bowel disease, colon cancer wound‐healing. This review summarizes how metabolites (particularly SCFAs) can modulate progression autoimmunity, reveal molecular mechanisms (metabolite‐sensing G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCRs) inhibition histone deacetylases (HDACs)). Therefore, considerable benefit could achieved simply through use probiotics prevention treatment autoimmunity.

Language: Английский

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Chronic kidney disease and the gut microbiome

AJP Renal Physiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 316(6), P. F1211 - F1217

Published: March 13, 2019

The gut microbiome is composed of a diverse population bacteria that have beneficial and adverse effects on human health. has recently gained attention increasingly noted to play significant role in health number disease states. Increasing urea concentration during chronic kidney (CKD) leads alterations the intestinal flora can increase production gut-derived toxins alter epithelial barrier. These changes lead an acceleration process injury. A strategies been proposed interrupt this pathway injury CKD. purpose review summarize CKD, tools used study microbial population, attempts its composition for therapeutic purposes.

Language: Английский

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